Gretta Fahey's Posts (361)

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A group of wealthy men are seeking to control the people of the world under their own will under the guise of environmental concern and health concern. That group of wealthy men control the United Nations. They drew up a plan for world control which they called U.N. Agenda 21. The United Nations went on to publish a 350 page book about their plan for total and absolute control over all of the people of the world and all of the resources of the world and they called that book 'Agenda 21'. They drew up a further plan known as Agenda 2030 which was approved by two hundred world leaders in 2015. U.N. Agenda 21 is being implemented by means of a non-governmental organization known as I.C.L.E.I. which stands for International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives. Those two hundred world leaders who approved 2030 in 2015 were most definitely being subjected to little known technologically induced mind control programming which is carried out by the following means:-
Vaccines and numerous other injections are vectors for the installation of an intra-body nano-network inside the human body and brain. A nano-network is a set of objects and elements with the ability to interact with each other through signals in the form of pulses, electromagnetic waves and electric fields. Brain nano-networks form a neuronal interface to interact with cognitive, physical and electrical processes of the human brain for neuromodulation, neurostimulation and neurocontrol. This nano technology inside human brains and bodies allows unknown others to partially wirelessly control human brains and bodies, physically, emotionally and mentally from vast distances. The two hundred world leaders who signed up for Agenda 2030 in 2015 would definitely have refused to do so if they had been able to think independently without wireless interference of their brains. This true fact renders both the Agenda 21 and Agenda 2030 articles null and void.
Covid-19 is not a viral contageon. Covid-19 is a 5G millimeter wave contageon combined with graphene oxide poisoning. The so-called covid-19 vaccinations have been proven to contain a poison known as graphene oxide. When 5G millimeter wave radiation is combined with graphene oxide inside the human body it leads to oxygen starvation and it depletes the levels of glutathione in the human body. Those who feel ill from so-called covid-19 symptoms, they should take glutathione supplements or N-Acetylcystene (NAC) which is a precursor to glutathione in the human body. Also take one of the following oxidizing agent such as Ozonated water, Chlorine Dioxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, Black Oxygen, or Dimethylsulfoxide which is known as D.M.S.O. in order to oxidize any heavy metals in your body. You can also take Zeoline, Bentonite Clay or a number of other agents which will also get rid of heavy metals from your body.

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Whenever you stand close to a digital media device or wear a smart watch or keep a digital communication device in your pocket the electromagnetic energy which is generated by that digital media device is absorbed into the nano technology which is in your body and brain which will then allow unknown neuro operatives to manipulate your thoughts, emotions, beliefs, bodily functions and muscle movement from vast distances while remaining anonymous. This capability is in widespread use and is being kept secret by the use of cover stories such as the demonic possession hoax cover story and the mental illness cover story.
Also if you continue to wear a digital media device such as a smart watch or a fit bit or an internal blood sugar monitoring device they will all contribute to giving you radiation poisoning eventually.
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HOW FIRE CAN BE MADE TO FALL FROM THE SKY.

FIRE IN THE SKY AND OTHER TOPICS.
There is a war of attrition being fought against us be a number of different means, one of which is the following:-
The skies over our heads are being continually sprayed with barium, strontium and aluminium among other heavy metals and also biological ingredients and some other ingredients in what is known as the chemtrail program and it is also known as geoengineering. Then those heavy metals are ionized with electromagnetic frequency radiation. An electron is removed or added and the material in the sky becomes plasma which can be set on fire and made to fall on top of us. A plasma sky can also be used as a cinema screen to show images of frightening spectacles in order to frighten the uninformed.
The solution is to have the chemtrail spraying of the skies stopped immediately by means of using our own military forces to control our airports and to check the contents of aviation fuel and other areas of airplanes of such a cargo.

When our bodies and brains are saturated by graphene oxide from the contents of vaccines then electromagnetic radiation in our environment coming from our smart phones, our smart watches, our computers and our fit bits is absorbed into our brains and bodies. You must throw away all smart watches and fit bits. You must only use your smart phone when absolutely necessary and keep it in a faraday case for the rest of the time. Keep your credit card in a small faraday case because it can be read remotely in order to identify you when you are out in public and in order to steal money from your bank account.
Wear a piece of shungite which will help to nullify electromagnetic radiation in your environment. Bees who can not find their way back to their bee hives due to electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere from both microwave and millimater wave transmitters can then easily find their way back when a piece of shungite is placed close to the bee hive. Shungite is very powerful. It is a stone found in Northern Russia close to Finland.
Because our bodies are now saturated by graphene oxide we can receive a signal from our smart phones which can kill us instantly without anybody knowing that is what killed us. Solution - remove all heavy metals from the human body using a large number of different solutions such as oxidizing agents such as Dimethylsulfoxide which is also known as D.M.S.O., Chlorine Dioxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ozonated Water, Black Oxygen or you can used other types of heavy metal detoxifying agents such as Zeolite and Bentonite Clay and many other solutions which you will find online.
THE COMMON GOOD
The common good is such a vague term that it has no meaning. You are more important than society because society exists for the sake of you and I and all of us. Society is an abstract concept is it is not alive. You and I are alive.
"Politicians invoke the common good in order to hide that they have no justificiation for imposing their values on others" Quote by Barry Brownsteain.
Government violence is now being used to force the individual to comply with the plans of the government. Government violence is being used to force people to accept poisonous vaccines into our blood streams. Government violence is being used to force us to wear masks which hinder the oxygenation of the human body because by oxygenating the human body correctly we oxidize and therefore destroy the poisonous heavy metals in our bodies and brain.
I enclose here an online link to a very important article about brain weapon science as follows
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20546-w

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THE COMMON GOOD
The common good a such a vague term that it has no meaning. Government violence is used to force the individual is comply with the plans of the government.
"Politicians invoke the common good in order to hide that they have no justification for imposing their values on others." Quote by Barry Brownstein.
When science wins we lose because neuro science is now being used to wirelessly enslave us. They have injected most if not all individuals with nano technology to the extent that we are now generating digital signals from our bodies and brains and these digital signals can be detected with meters. This has allowed the central planners to wirelessly connect us to computerized control systems which capture data from our brains and bodies and transmit data to our brains and bodies to the extent that many people are no longer able to think independently. Their thoughts, emotions, beliefs and behaviour is being partially controlled by incoming digital signals which come by means of transmitters and receivers around us. We can degrade, if not entirely destroy the nano technology inside us by ingesting various oxidizing agents such as ozonated water, chlorine dioxide, black oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, dimethylsulfoxide aka D.M.S.O. and other formulas. It would possible take several months to degrade or destroy the nano technology inside a person's body by which time politicians would then require that person to accept another booster vaccination which would replace the nano technology inside his or her body again.
Those who administer government violence are the police and the military. They have become far more mind controlled than the general population so that they are willing to enforce violence against their own fellow country men and women for no good reason other than to comply with the plans of the new world order cabal who are known Satanists, Luciferians and Ultra Zionists.
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The Rothschild and Vatican run New World Order Cabal wish us to take booster vaccinations containing nano technology every six months because we can get all of the nano technology out of our bodies in less than six months using a wide variety of oxygen therapies to oxidize all of the heavy metals in our bodies and to destroy all of the pathogens in our bodies so that they can then no longer transmit signals into us to control our minds and bodies.
We can prove that nano technology is inside our bodies by downloading a blue tooth detection app onto a smart phone called 'Blue Radar' which will detect blue tooth signals coming out of the bodies of those who have been vaccinated with so-called covid-19 vaccines and antiflu and other vaccines. Those people who have various digital signals coming out of their brains and bodies have already been connected wirelessly and invisibly to the brain internet where some of their thoughts and opinions are under external wireless control. That is why they are unquestioningly obedient to orders which come from the United Nations run central control system in the world in spite of the fact that the United Nations is owned and controlled by dark occultists such as Luciferians, Satanists and Ultra Zionists.
When anybody officially complains about the fact that the lockdown of the whole world is based on a faulty PCR test which can easily be manipulated to generate false positives those who officially receive such complaints are wirelessly programmed to only focus on the messenger and never on the message. They immediately ask who sent them the complaint and they attempt to analyse their behaviour and they also attempt to imply that they are mentally unwell rather than ever focus on the message which they appear unable to do due to external mind programming. What is to be done about all of the above?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Your Phone Signal Can Be Used To Murder You.

Your smart phone emits a signal which activates the nano technology inside your body and you fall to the ground while spasming violently.     If you are able to move away from all digital technology the spasming may lessen.   The real and only reason to mandate you to take a so-called vaccine is to innoculate you with graphene oxide, parasites  and nano technology.   You can lessen or eliminate all of  those vaccine contents from your body by taking any oxidizing agent such as ozonated water, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, black oxygen or dimethylsulfoxide which is also known as D.M.S.O.  You can also eliminate it in other ways.  Some people have suggested taking Borax or Ivermectin.   An online expert known as Tony Pantaleresco whose website is called HerbsPlusBeadWorks.com  has invented a simple nano technology nullification device which can be made at home by those with a basic knowledge of electricity.   Tony Pantaleresco can also be found on youtube explaining how to make his device.   It can take up to six months of continually taking an oxidizing agent before you become no longer impacted by frequencies.   However, the evil men who wish to enslave us by means of frequency weapon control are attempting to make us receive more nano technology into our bodies and brains every six months by means of booster vaccinations.    Many of them are unable to think clearly due to manipulation of nano technology in their brains.

Many people are calling to have all transmitters and receivers throughout the world disassembled and banned urgently.   For further information about this topic please watch the following online video WATCH VACCINE NANO BOTS KILL AFTER BEING ACTIVATED BY A CELL PHONE (bitchute.com)

 

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The scientific and technological capability which is detailed in the enclosed article  called 'Vaccines as Vecctors for the Installation of Nano Technology'  is being used against me to torture me from an unknown remote location and my name is Gretta Fahey aka Margaret Fahey from Newbrook, Claremorris, Co. Mayo, Eircode F12 Y560,  Republic of Ireland.  This aforementioned torture has continued for more than eighteen years.

 

 

Vaccines as Vectors for the Installation of Nanotechnology: Evidence That Nano Receiving Antennas Are Being Inoculated Into the Human Body - Truth Comes to Light

VACCINES AS VECTORS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY: EVIDENCE THAT NANO RECEIVING ANTENNAS ARE BEING INOCULATED INTO THE HUMAN BODY
HOME / COVID-19 VACCINES, PCR TESTS & MASKS / VACCINES AS VECTORS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY: EVIDENCE THAT NANO RECEIVING ANTENNAS ARE BEING INOCULATED INTO THE HUMAN BODY
Vaccines as Vectors for the Installation of Nanotechnology: Evidence That Nano Receiving Antennas Are Being Inoculated Into the Human Body

Evidence Found That Would Confirm the Theory of Nano-Networks Centered in the Human Body: Nano-Rectennas
by Mik Andersen, Corona2Inspect
published in Spanish December 16, 2021
rough translation via translation software

 

Research on nanocommunication networks for nanodevices inoculated in the human body continues to accumulate evidence. On this occasion, the article by the researchers (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) is presented entitled “Nanoredes centered in the body driven by nano-Rectenna in the terahertz band = Nano- rectenna powered body-centric nano-networks in the terahertz band” which confirms the theory that Corona2Inspect had been studying through the observation of the images of the samples of the c0r0n @ v | rus vaccines obtained by the doctor (Campra, P. 2021). Nano-arrays centered on the human body require the use of nano-antennas that operate in the terahertz band, these being the same type as those found in the vaccine samples ..

In the literature, these plasmonic nano-antennas are also called bowtie antennas or “bowties antenna” and in the article in question they are called “nano-rectennas”. The explicit mention of the type of antenna and the technology of intra-body nano-networks, would confirm that vaccines are, among other things, vectors for the installation of nanotechnology, or nanodevices in the human body. However, beyond the pure coincidence, the authors make explicit the use of graphene and carbon nanotubes, as necessary elements for this network model, elements that were also identified in the images taken by Dr. Campra and that coincide with the presence of graphene in its technical report with spectroscopy. Micro-Raman.

To what has already been described, the article adds that the method of communication and data transmission in nano-networks is carried out through TS-OOK signals (sequences of pulses that transmit binary codes), which matches with studies and protocols of nanocommunications and would endorse all the research carried out by Corona2Inspect so far on this matter.

If what has been explained is not enough to confirm the theory of intracorporeal communication nano-networks, the article by (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) makes explicit the use of nano-sensors that are linked by means of electromagnetic signals, by means of the aforementioned nano-rectennas or bow tie nano-antennas, which necessarily evidences the presence of nano-routers that serve to manage the intra-body and out-of-body data link, with gateways (gateway) such as mobile phone. Given the importance of the content of the article, it will be dissected in detail.

Article analysis
The research object of the work of (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) is the comparative analysis of the energy harvesting capacities of nano-rectennas, aimed at their implementation in networks wireless nanodevices and intra-body nanotechnology. This is reflected in the introduction of the article as follows “in the field of health applications, the objective is to develop a network of therapeutic nanodevices that is capable of working in the human body or within it to support the monitoring of the immune system, health monitoring, drug delivery systems and biohybrid implants “. This leaves no doubt that nano-antennas, here called nano-rectennas, necessarily imply the presence of a network of nanodevices or nanotechnology aimed at controlling the biological variables and factors of people.

Furthermore, (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) state that “There are two main approaches to nanoscale wireless communications, namely, molecular and electromagnetic (EM) communications (Akyildiz, IF; Jornet, JM 2010). The latter commonly operates in the terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) and is a promising technique to support data exchange in nanosensor networks for healthcare applications or body-centered nano-networks. For the expected size of nanosensors, the frequency radiated by their antennas would normally be in the optical range, resulting in a very large channel attenuation that could make nanoscale wireless communication unfeasible. To overcome this limitation, graphene-based antennas have been developed, which are able to resonate in the THz band with sizes of a few 𝜇𝑚, at a frequency up to two orders of magnitude lower than a metallic antenna of the same dimensions“.

This explanation corroborates the two types of intra-body communication , the molecular type used for monitoring and neuromodulation of neuronal tissue and the central nervous system ( Akyildiz, IF; Jornet, JM; Pierobon, M. 2011 | Malak, D.; Akan, OB 2012 | Rikhtegar, N.; Keshtgary, M. 2013 | Balasubramaniam, S.; Boyle, NT; Della-Chiesa, A.; Walsh, F.; Mardinoglu, A.; Botvich, D.; Prina-Mello , A. 2011) and electromagnetic, conceived for the control of biological variables and factors in the rest of the body, by means of nano-nodes (also known as nano-devices, nano-biosensors, etc.).

It also corroborates the operating band in which the intra-body nano-network is operating, in a range of 0.1-10 THz, confirmed in this blog according to (Abbasi, QH; Nasir, AA; Yang, K.; Qaraqe, KA ; Alomainy, A. 2017 | Zhang, R.; Yang, K.; Abbasi, QH; Qaraqe, KA; Alomainy, A. 2017 | Yang, K.; Bi, D.; Deng, Y.; Zhang, R. ; Rahman, MMU; Ali, NA; Alomainy, A. 2020). It also addresses the fact that the scale of the nano-devices, nano-sensors of the network forces to “resonate the THz band” by means of special antennas of a few microns (𝜇𝑚), but with the ability to retransmit signals and in turn of harvesting energy to run the grid. These special properties are achieved through the plasmonic effect given by the nanoantennas scale, which confers special physical and quantum properties to these objects, as explained in (Jornet, JM; Akyildiz, IF 2013 | Nafari, M.; Jornet, JM 2015 | Guo , H.; Johari, P.; Jornet, JM; Sun, Z. 2015 ).

In the introductory dissertation, (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) mention a substantial aspect “the exchange of information between implantable [injectable] nanosensors is the most significant, since it allows control and monitoring the release or flux of molecular, biochemical compounds, and other important functions within the human body.” The relevance of this statement is crucial since it assumes that nanodevices have to be installed, injected or implanted in the human body, but also that it is necessary to receive their signals and data generated to carry out the corresponding monitoring, even at the level of molecular flow and biochemical compounds, such as neurotransmitters produced by neuronal tissue or the nervous system ( Abd-El-atty, SM; Lizos, KA; Gharsseldien, ZM; Tolba, A.; Makhadmeh, ZA 2018).

This explains the need to introduce graphene, carbon nanotubes and derivatives to capture these signals and bio-electrical markers to capture the information, but also a wireless nano-network, which allows transmitting this data outside the human body. Therefore, it must be understood that the nano-antennas or nano-rectennas in charge of repeating the signals could not only do it from the inside out, being able to carry out the reverse process, altering the neuronal synapse, for example.

Likewise, (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) state that a relevant problem in intra-body nano-networks is the availability of energy (Bouchedjera, IA; Aliouat, Z.; Louail , L. 2020 | Fahim, H.; Javaid, S.; Li, W.; Mabrouk, IB; Al-Hasan, M.; Rasheed, MBB 2020 ), for which efficient routing protocols and processes have been developed ( Sivapriya, S.; Sridharan, D. 2017 | Piro, G.; Boggia, G.; Grieco, LA 2015 ) that make the operation of the nano-network plausible. For the purposes of nano-antennas or nano-rectennas, Rong and his team state the following: “One of the biggest challenges in body-centered nanogrids is caused by the very limited energy storage of a nano battery … Since electromagnetic waves carry not only information but also energy, rectenins can operate at THz and frequencies. microwave, allowing them to work overnight. Since electromagnetic waves carry not only information, but also energy ( Varshney, LR 2008 ), nano-rectennas can share the same signal that is used to carry information within nano-networks. As a result, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) becomes a critical technique for powering nanogrids and is a promising solution to power bottlenecks … A major advantage of the The technique is that the proposed nano-rectennas are capable of converting an EM signal into a direct current without any external power supply of the system. In addition, achievable energy conversion achieves approximately 85% efficiency.“.

These statements are fundamental to confirm that EM electromagnetic waves, or what is the same microwave, serve to transport energy and data simultaneously, being able to do so in the THz band compatible with the intra-body wireless network.

This confirms what has been explained in the entry on nanocommunication networks for nanotechnology in the human body, published on this blog. This ambivalent phenomenon of transporting energy and data is known by the acronym SWIPT, which allows us to infer that nano-antennas or nano-rectennas have this property. In fact, the authors affirm its ability to convert an EM signal into direct current without external power, with a very high efficiency, which would explain why enough energy was generated and probably stored to make the intra-body network work. In fact, according to (Zainud-Deen, SH; Malhat, HA; El-Araby, HA 2017) nanoantennas with a geometric diode such as bow tie or other polygonal type, based on graphene, not only collect energy from electromagnetic waves EM ( microwave), they can also do it with the infrared spectrum (El-Araby, HA; Malhat, HA; Zainud-Deen, SH 2017 | 2018), which guarantees a constant flow of energy.

 

On the other hand, (Rong, Z .; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) define the concept of rectenna as “a combination of an antenna and a rectifier device, generally a diode, with the purpose of collecting energy in and to the nanowires, so that the EM waves are received by a nano antenna and then coupled to a rectifier … this makes it possible for them to be used to harvest energy from THz and higher frequencies. How nano-sized antennas operate In the THz band, their associated rectifier diodes need a fast response so that they can react properly to the incoming signal and deliver a DC (Direct Current) signal … The rectifier can collect energy from the THz signal or from residual energy in the environment“.

However, it is known that rectennas are also capable of transmitting and collecting energy and data in the GHz band as explained in the work of ( Suh, YH; Chang, K. 2002 | Abdel-Rahman, MR; Gonzalez, FJ; Boreman, GD 2004 ) .In this regard, the work of ( Khan, AA; Jayaswal, G .; Gahaffar, FA; Shamim, A. 2017, should also be highlighted .) in which it is shown that nano-rectennas are capable of collecting energy from environmental radio frequency (RF) for which they use tunneling diodes, which hardly consume energy during the process of conversion to direct current. These tunneling diodes also known as MIM (metal-insulator-metal) diodes can provide zero bias rectification, allowing it to operate in a frequency range between 2-10GHz, allowing it to adapt to input impedance.

In fact, Khan and his team state that “Although the real advantage of MIM diodes is the high frequencies (THz range), their zero-bias rectification ability can also be beneficial for collecting and wireless feeding at RF frequencies. .. Characterization of DC (Direct Current) indicated that the MIM diode could provide a zero bias responsiveness of 0.25V -1 with a decent dynamic resistance of 1200 Ω (Ohms). The metal-insulator-diode-metal RF (Radio Frequency) characterization was performed using two methods: 1) S parameter measurements (Diode tunnel barrier thickness) from 500MHz to 10 GHz, and 2) RF rectification to DC with zero polarization. The presented input impedance results may be useful for integrating MIM diodes with antennas for harvesting applications. The second part of the RF characterization verified the rectification of RF to DC zero bias.”

In other words, the researchers confirm that nano-rectennas can operate in lower frequency ranges and even by radio frequency, which explains that it makes them the ideal method for powering wireless nano-networks and their connection applications. to the IoNT (Internet of NanoThings).

 

Returning to the analysis of (Rong, Z.; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018), his work addresses the comparison of two types of rectenins oriented to intra-body nano-networks. One of them is nano-rectena based on carbon nanotubes, which matches with the identifications observed in the vaccine samples . In this sense, Rong and his team cite the work of (Sharma, A.; Singh, V.; Bougher, TL; Cola, BA 2015) who proposed the rectennas of CNT (Carbon Nanotubes) “which consisted of millions of nanotubes that functioned as nano antennas, with their tips made of Insulator-Metal (IM) to behave like diodes. The CNT rectennas showed great potential for body-centered nanodevice applications and wireless EM energy harvesting.”

This could confirm that the observed carbon nanotubes and plasmonic nanoantennas are intended, among others, to deliver energy. To the nano-network installed with the different inoculations of the vaccine, an aspect that would explain the need for several doses to complete the basic supply of energy for its perpetual operational maintenance. Abundant in the carbon nanotube rectennas, it is also stated that “When CNTs absorb EM radiation, a direct current will be generated after rectification across the tip area. This converted current is used to charge a capacitor. The process of conversion to DC (Direct Current) is carried out using the THz signal within the system and environmental free EM, so the power source of such a nano-rectenna generator does not need another specific external power source.” Which suggests that no other components are required to function.

 

In addition to CNT nano-rectennas, (Rong, Z .; Leeson, MS; Higgins, MD; Lu, Y. 2018) compare them with their main proposal, bow tie nano-rectennas “dipole nano-rectennas have been proposed bow tie, with two triangular sections. The thickness of the antenna is 100 nm, and nano diodes, made of graphene located in the middle of the hole area of ​​the bow tie antenna, producing the action of the rectena. Additionally, can connect to form a nano-rectilinear array or array. The bowtie dipole antenna receives EM radiation and converts the signal into AC (alternating current) flux to the nano diode. The diode then rectifies the AC (alternating current) into current continue DC “.

This would confirm the type of Plasmon nano-antennas observed in the vaccine samples , as well as the graphene material used as a link between their triangular sections, which matches with the presence of graphene detected by Campra in the vaccines . Another relevant detail is also provided, nano-rectennas can operate in a matrix or array, which means that thousands of them can operate, as stated by Rong and his team “As the output power of a single rectenine is 0.11 nW (approximately), if we use an array of these lines, the power and size required by the nano-network can be satisfied … More elements connected in series can increase the production of current and power “.

This is demonstrated in the work of ( Aldrigo, M .; Dragoman, M. 2014 ) entitled “Nano-rectennas based on graphene in the far infrared frequency band where it is explained that nano-rectennas are capable of collecting human heat in the infrared frequency band, and that the The proposed model is encouraging “both in terms of the rectified current of a single nano-receptor, as well as the power rectified by a macro-system that combines thousands of nano-cells“. Which leaves no doubt that nano-rectennas are not an isolated component, in fact they are more common and numerous than might be thought a priori. Perhaps one dose of the vaccine involves thousands or perhaps millions of nano-rectennas, depending on its scale.

Rong’s article continues to provide very relevant keys, this time in relation to the CNT rectennes, indicating that “the output voltage generated by the CNT rectena is of the order of tens of millivolts … the channel access scheme for the communications will be based on femtosecond pulses to the nanowire … the digits 1 (of the binary code) are transmitted using pulses of 100𝑓𝑠, this is a long pulse, while the digits 0 are transmitted as silence … as the time The separation between adjacent bits is 1000 times the pulse duration (Ts = 100ps), the average power will return to the nW level. Therefore, the output power of the CNT rectenna is able to satisfy the power requirements of the system (from the nanoret)“.

This statement confirms what was already investigated in Corona2Inspect, nanogrids operate with TS-OOK signals for the transfer of data packets (see nanocommunication networks for nanotechnology in the human body , CORONA system for nanogrids , nanorouters , nanogrids software electromagnetic ) due to their simplicity and reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, it confirms that carbon nanotubes can operate in the transmission of signals and data, as well as the collection of energy, as was suggested in the entry on nano octopuses and carbon nanotubes of this blog .

 

 

According to Rong’s calculations, “For a rectenna CNT device, the maximum reported output voltage is 68 mV and for a 25-element rectenna bowtie array it is 170 mV. Therefore, according to (9), the rectena matrix bowtie (bow tie) delivers more charge than rectena CNT … when these two rectena devices are used to charge the same ultra-nano capacitor (9nF), it is evident that rectena CNT takes longer (more than 6 minutes) due to its very high junction resistance. Whereas for the rectena bow tie, the resistance is comparatively very small, so it only takes about 6 ms to supply more power to the capacitor“. This explanation is very important when comparing the two types of rectenna for intra-body nano-networks.

Arrayed bow tie nano-rectennas present better performance than those based on carbon nanotubes, taking a nano-capacitor to charge in only 6 milliseconds. This would explain the presence of these components in the vaccine samples, at micro and nano-scale. In addition, the allusion to the ultra-nanocapacitors used to perform the load test is relevant. Capacitors are passive electrical devices capable of of storing energy by maintaining an electric field.

This could lead to the question: Where is energy stored in intra-body nano-grids?

The answer is very simple, in an abundant and recognized material in vaccines, this is graphene itself. act as capacitors, as shown in the work of ( Bai, J .; Zhong, X .; Jiang, S .; Huang, Y .; Duan, X. 2010 ), because “the graphene sheets nanoribbons with widths less than 10 nm can open a band gap large enough for operation as transistor at room temperature“. This is de facto what allows the generation of a magnetic field, as a result of the electrical charge transmitted by the nano-rectennas.

This would explain the phenomenon of magnetic arms (among other parts of the body) after inoculation of the vaccines. In fact, if you look at figure 5, a nano-mesh (made of graphene) similar to that found in the scientific literature can be seen blurred, which could act as a condenser. In many cases, these shapes were found around polygonal, quadrangular objects. and nano-antennas, which seems to make sense to provide an energy carryover for nano-grids.

 

Finally, among the conclusions, Rong and his team highlight the following “Along with the continuous advancement of the SWIPT technique ( simultaneous wireless information and power transfer) , the pioneering CNT matrix receiver and the nano-matrix bowtie (bowtie) open the door for wireless nano-sensor powering. Since a nano-rectenna is capable of powering nanosensors without any external source and its broadband property allows rectenna to be a very efficient and promising way to power implanted nanodevices and in the human body. CNT’s rectenna array can successfully deliver the required human body-centric wireless nano-network power, estimated to be around 27.5 nW. Also, the bow tie rectifier array is much smaller in size, but provides similar power … Although nano-rectenins cannot provide such a high voltage compared to a piezoelectric nanogenerator, an array of nano-rectennas bowtie (bowtie) is much more efficient producing in addition DC (Direct Current) directly from the THz signal within the system (the human body) and the environmental EM signal without any other external power source of the system“.

This seems to make it clear that this type of nano-antennas are the appropriate ones, if what is desired is to install intra-corporal nano-networks of nanodevices and nanosensors. Therefore, a very sharp deduction is not necessary to realize that the The presence of plasmonic nano-antennas in the vaccine samples, whether in the shape of a bow tie or cube, or a prism, as has been observed, are clear evidence of the presence of undeclared nanotechnology.

 

Bibliography
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The scientific and technological capability which is detailed in the enclosed article called Nano-Sensor Modelling for Intra-Body Nano-Networks by Mustafa Alper Akkas is being used against me to torture me from an unknown remote location and my name is Gretta Fahey aka Margaret Fahey from Newbrook, Claremorris, Co. Mayo, Eircode F12 Y560,  Republic of Ireland.  This aforementioned torture has continued for more than eighteen years.

Design of Wireless Nanosensor Networks for Intrabody Application
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Suk Jin Lee, Changyong (Andrew) Jung, Kyusun Choi, ...
First Published July 27, 2015 Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/176761
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Article has an altmetric score of 3 Open AccessCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
Abstract
Emerging nanotechnology presents great potential to change human society. Nanoscale devices are able to be included with Internet. This new communication paradigm, referred to as Internet of Nanothings (IoNT), demands very short-range connections among nanoscale devices. IoNT raises many challenges to realize it. Current network protocols and techniques may not be directly applied to communicate with nanosensors. Due to the very limited capability of nanodevices, the devices must have simple communication and simple medium sharing mechanism in order to collect the data effectively from nanosensors. Moreover, nanosensors may be deployed at organs of the human body, and they may produce large data. In this process, the data transmission from nanosensors to gateway should be controlled from the energy efficiency point of view. In this paper, we propose a wireless nanosensor network (WNSN) at the nanoscale that would be useful for intrabody disease detection. The proposed conceptual network model is based on On-Off Keying (OOK) protocol and TDMA framework. The model assumes hexagonal cell-based nanosensors deployed in cylindrical shape 3D hexagonal pole. We also present in this paper the analysis of the data transmission efficiency, for the various combinations of transmission methods, exploiting hybrid, direct, and multi-hop methods.

1. Introduction
Nanoscale devices require a new communication paradigm; they perform simple tasks, share the collected data, and reach unprecedented number of locations over the Internet. This new network paradigm is called IoNT [1]. In the IoNT, the new network architecture was proposed to accommodate two potential applications: interconnect nanoscale devices and interconnect offices. Our research work is focused on the intrabody communications for healthcare providers to develop the network system architecture for realizing IoNT applications. Human body is made up of almost 80 organs. Here, the nanosensors may be implanted into the organs, detecting specific symptom or virus and forwarding the sensing data to the nanorouter. The nanorouter may collect data from the nanosensors. The nanorouter then may send the collected data to the outside of the body.

The intrabody wireless communications encounter some difficulties that do not appear in regular propagation conditions because the human body has a lot of water. Firstly, in-body path loss model for homogeneous human tissues was investigated as a function of various parameters at 2.45 GHz range [2]. In addition, it is also discussed that the terahertz (THz) band can be the potential solution to operate the future electromagnetic (EM) nanosensors [3]. Moreover, the related studies reveal that the path loss in human tissues at very short distances (several millimeters) is not significant to deal well with communications among nanosensors at THz frequency range [4, 5]. Recently, the numerical analysis of EM wave propagation in the human body explains that using of EM paradigm is favorable compared with the molecular communication channel because the molecular channel attenuation is considerably higher than the situation using THz EM mechanism in terms of the path loss versus distance [6]. On the other hand, the nanosensor, equipped with graphene-based nanopatch antennas, is envisaged to allow the implementation of nano-EM communications [3].

Nanonetworking is an emerging field, communicating among nanomachines and expanding the capability of a single nanomachine. Moreover, WNSN at the nanoscale may be useful for intrabody disease detection. For instance, nanosensors deployed in WNSN, equipped with graphene-based nanopatch antennas [3], can detect symptoms or virus by means of molecules [7] or bacteria behaviors [8]. In fact, the large surface area and the excellent electrical conductivity of graphene allow rapid electron transfer that facilitates accurate and selective detection of biomolecules. According to Kuila et al., the advancement of graphene-based biosensors allows the application of graphene for the detection of glucose, Cyt-c (Cytochrome-c), NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydride), Hb (Hemoglobin), cholesterol, AA (Amino Acid), UA (Uric Acid), and DA (Diamino Acid) [9].

In general, nanosensors have the very limited amount of energy in their batteries and it is not easy to replace or recharge them. When the energy harvesting systems are assumed in IoNT applications, the energy resources of nanosensors might be retained over time. That is because the nanoscale power generator could convert mechanical movement, vibrational movement, or hydraulic energy into the electrical energy [10]. However, they are not easy to implement. Therefore, the data transmission method plays an important role in the optimization of the energy consumption [11]. In addition, the data transmission is one of the important factors for realizing efficient IoNT applications due to large data produced from nanosensors [12].

For example, Pierobon et al. proposed a routing and data transmission framework to optimize the use of harvested energy with multi-hop decision algorithm [13]. In this approach, the nanorouter makes decision for a nanosensor to transmit the sensing data using direct or multi-hop transmission, based on the estimated distance between the nanorouter and the nanosensor [13]. This framework follows a typical Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduling using DownLink (DL), UpLink (UL), Multi-Hop (MH), and RandomAccess (RA). However, due to the very limited capability of nanodevices, the devices must have simple communication and simple medium sharing mechanism. For this reason, our research work is based on OOK protocol and TDMA-based framework for the efficient data collection [11, 13].

Furthermore, for the various combinations of transmission methods, we also study the analysis of the data transmission efficiency for choosing the best one adapting to the suggested network model. Here, note that we produce an energy dissipation model based on the path loss model of Jornet and Akyildiz [14, 15] and also analyze the communication from single-hop as well as multi-hop. In fact, [13] revealed that the energy aware routing framework with the combination of direct and multi-hop transmission methods can prolong the network life time.

This paper deals with the design of a WNSN at the nanoscale to be used for intrabody disease detection as an application of the IoNT. The suggested model assumes hexagonal cell-based nanosensors deployed in cylindrical shape 3D hexagonal pole. Here, a hexagonal cell model represents each cell which is the smallest living unit of organs. Note that the proposed model assumes hexagonal cell-based nanosensors because the nanopatch antennas are graphene-based in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

For designing this model, at first, we explain the network architecture for the proposed IoNT application model and describe the corresponding cylindrical body model using 3D hexagonal pole. Second, for the supposed organ of the human body, we present the derivation of the ideal number of hexagonal cells and the edge length in proportion to the needed annulus number horizontally; and then we describe a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency, in the process of data transmission, showing that the selection of the data transmission method plays an important role in the optimization of energy consumption. Such a comparative analysis is done for the various combinations of data transmission methods exploiting the hybrid, direct, and multi-hop methods.

In the following section, we explain the physical and MAC layers’ concepts for our proposed WNSN model for the supposed IoNT application. Accordingly, the nanosensor deployment model and the energy consumption scheme are described in Section 3. In Section 4, we present the modelling of the various combinations of transmission methods and suggest their energy dissipation equations. Section 5 describes the conceptual design of a WNSN for intrabody application and shows simulation results and comparative analysis of the data transmission efficiency, followed by conclusion and future works in Section 6.

2. Preliminary
2.1. Physical and MAC Layer Protocol Peculiarities of Nanosensors in the Proposed WNSN Model
The nanosensors, equipped with graphene-based nanopatch antennas, are envisaged to allow the implementation of nano-EM communications [3]. EM communication waves propagating in graphene-based antenna have a lower propagation speed than those in metallic antenna. Nevertheless, Gbps channel capacity is available by radiating EM waves in THz frequency range. However, our suggested model for intrabody application does not probably need such a high channel capacity. Moreover, if we assume that each nanosensor widely dispersed in the body has just a role to catch disease symptoms anyhow, we need to have a simple OOK protocol to communicate between nanorouter and each nanosensor. Here, OOK protocol can use femtosecond pulse-based modulations in which the transmitted pulse lies in THz, called IR-UWB, Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band [11, 16]. For example, the symbol “1” is sent by using a one hundred-femtosecond-long pulse as detection of disease symptom and the symbol “0” as nondetection of disease symptom; that is, the nanosensor remains silent. In this process, we adopt a scheduling scheme based on TDMA for the synchronization among nanosensors and nanorouter. In fact, employing this scheme may lead us to need simple MAC protocol to avoid collisions in simultaneous transmissions. More details about the behavior of physical and data link layer protocols are out of the scope of this paper.

Anyway, Jornet et al. showed that time spread OOK protocol generates a very short pulse in femtosecond long [17], which has its main frequency components in the THz band. And that is already being used in several applications such as nanoscale spectroscopy and biological imaging [18].

2.2. Network Architecture for IoNT Applications
Figure 1 depicts simple network architecture of WNSN to be used for intrabody disease detection as an application of the IoNT [1]. The network can be composed of nanosensors, nanorouters, nano-microinterface and gateway regardless of any specific application. Here nanosensor is implanted into the organs detecting symptoms or virus, performing computation with a limited memory and transmitting small data over a short range, whereas nanorouters are relatively larger computational resources than nanosensors. They aggregate data from nanomachines (nanosensors). After nanosensors detect specific symptoms or virus, simple data (e.g., 1 for detection or 0 for nondetection) to inform the existence of symptoms or virus will be forwarded to the nano-microinterface through nanorouters. Here, the gateway (i.e., microscale device) makes it possible to remotely control the entire system over the Internet.


figure

Figure 1 Network architecture for the proposed IoNT application model.

In this paper, we assume that the nanosensors are able to detect specific symptoms or virus by means of signal molecules [7] or bacteria behaviors [8]. Each cell in this case is modeled as a hexagonal shaped cell, therefore giving a 3D structure for the nanosensor networks. Actually the hexagonal shaped cell model is a very similar structure with the graphene in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Here, the accumulated unit layers (where the unit layer consists of unit cells) construct a 3-dimensional space for the individual target organ, for example, heart, lungs, and kidney.

3. Nanosensor Deployment and Energy Consumption Models for the Nanonetworks
3.1. Wireless Nanosensor Network Model
The nanosensors can be deployed arbitrarily at organs of the human body and they may be moved by body fluid. We assume that the nanosensors are distributed in 3-dimensional space in the nanonetworks according to a homogeneous spatial Poisson process. Most of the human organs such as spleen, liver, lung, and heart are not shaped as perpendicular structure; rather they are closer to round shape. Geometrically, we represent the organ specific targeting area of the human body as cylindrical shape 3D hexagonal pole, which is closer to the shape of organs. Here, each hexagonal shaped cell represents each cell which is the smallest living unit of organs. Thus, in the cylindrical model, as given in Figure 2, we can put as many nanosensors as possible and each hexagonal cell has one active nanosensor. Notice that the customized modeling is out of scope in this paper.


figure

Figure 2 Cylindrical shape 3D hexagonal pole.

Let us define the nanonetwork depth (H) as the height of the 3D hexagonal pole. Nanosensors within each layer construct a cluster, where the information sensed by each nanosensor is transmitted to the nano-microinterface through the nanorouter of each cluster. After each nanosensor sent out the broadcasting message in a hexagonal cell, we assume that all the nanosensors may recognize other neighboring nanosensors. Each hexagonal cell may have more than one nanosensor. However, only one nanosensor that has stronger energy than others may be selected as the active nanosensor. The other nanosensors that were not selected as the active nanosensor will fall into the sleep mode, referred to as sleep nanosensors. Those sleeping nanosensors are used for the next data transmission process so that the load of the energy consumption can be evenly distributed in nanonetworks.

For the target organ, as shown in Figure 2, the edge length of hexagon S is derived from the network radius R. Once we choose the network radius R that may be relevant to the volume of the target organ, the relationship between the nanonetwork width W and the edge length of hexagon S can be visualized by the equations, as shown in Figure 2 (i.e., w is an even or odd case). Notice that the number of hexagonal cells for the individual annulus Aw is 6w (w=1,2,…,W), where 1 is set for A0.

Let us define ρi as the nanosensor density [13] of ith hexagonal cell; ρi∈{0,1,2,3,…}. After we get the relationship between the number of cells in the farthest annulus AW and the edge length of hexagon S, we can maximize the number of each hexagonal cell X by minimizing the nanosensor density. This process allows each hexagonal cell to have a small number of nanosensors as possible. We can show this process by the following expression:

s.t. ρi≠0,X=arg minX [∑3W(W+1)+1i=11ρi]
(1)
where the hexagonal cells with no nanosensor (ρi=0) were excluded. After choosing X, we can notice that the number of hexagonal cells that have only one nanosensor can be maximized. Our assumption is that only one nanosensor is active and the others go to sleep for the next iteration.
3.2. Energy Consumption Model for Our Wireless Nanosensor Network
Jornet and Akyildiz introduced a novel propagation model for future EM nanonetworks in the THz band. THz path loss model of nanonetworks is obtained by using the sum in dB of the spreading loss, Lspread, and the molecular absorption loss, Labs, as follows [14, 15]:

L(f,d)=Lspread(f,d)+Labs(f,d)=(4πdf0c)2exp(K(f)d),
(2)
where f is the wave frequency, d is the total path length, c is the speed of light in the vacuum, f0 is the designed center frequency, and K(f) is the molecular absorption coefficient. The transmission power, P(d), consumed in the transmitter nanosensor, should make sure that a constant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the receiver nanosensor located at the distance d. This is defined as follows [13]:
P(d)=SNR∫L(f,d)N0df,
(3)
where N0 is the total molecular absorption noise power spectral density. We assume that N0 is a constant value [13]. The maximum transmission capacity of the THz band, as a function of distance d, can be calculated as follows [11]:
C(d)=B3 dB(d)log2(1+SNR),
(4)
where B3 dB is the 3 dB bandwidth. Let us define et(k,d) as the transmitter energy dissipation to transmit k-bits packet located at the distance d. Accordingly, the transmitter energy dissipation et(k,d) can be expressed as follows:
et(k,d)=P(d)C(d)×k=(4πdf0c)2N0SNRlog2(1+SNR)d2k.
(5)
In (5), we assume that the molecular absorption does not affect the frequency range defined by the 3 dB bandwidth, B3 dB(d); that is, k(f)≈0. In [16], generally, in the simple radio energy dissipation model, they introduced that the transmitter energy consumption is depending on the electronic energy and the amplifier energy, whereas the receiver energy consumption is only relevant to the electronic energy [16]. Therefore, we can define er(k,d) as the receiver energy dissipation to receive k-bits packet and the value of er(k,d) is intrinsically less than et(k,d). In our model, we assume that the value of er(k,d) is pertaining to the value of et(k,d). Accordingly, we can derive the receiver energy dissipation (6) by substituting the constant unit distance d0 for the transmission distance factor d as follows:

er(k,d0)=η×et(k,d0),
(6)
where η is the transceiver energy dissipation ratio with the condition; that is, η<1. For the notation simplicity, we use the receiver energy dissipation er(k) instead of er(k,d0).
4. Combination of Data Transmission Methods and Energy Dissipation
4.1. Data Transmission Methods within Layer and between Layers
In this section, we introduce data transmission methods to collect the data sensed from the nanosensors. Within each layer, as shown in Figure 2, all the information detected at the nanosensors (actually we assume that this information contains the geographical location of the nanosensor that sent the symbol “1”) is transmitted to the nanorouter in its corresponding layer. Note that each nanorouter is located at the center cell (annulus A0) of each layer and also served as an active nanosensor at the same time. On the other hand, between layers, all the collected data at the nanorouter of each layer are sent to layer 0's nanorouter that forwards the collected data to the nano-microinterface to communicate with microscale devices, that is, gateway.

First, within each layer, three data transmission methods are possible horizontally, as described in Figure 2. In the direct data transmission, every nanosensor sends the sensing data directly to its corresponding nanorouter with achieving high transmission efficiency [13]. Meanwhile, in the multi-hop transmission, an adjacent (immediate neighbor) nanosensor one annulus nearer to the corresponding nanorouter is randomly selected; and then each nanosensor which detects symptoms or virus sends the data to the chosen adjacent nanosensor until arriving at its corresponding nanorouter in the way of annulus by annulus hierarchically. On the other hand, the hybrid data transmission is achieved by combining the multi-hop and direct transmission methods. For example, let us define t as the threshold range and w as a certain annulus number in the given layer. Then, within the threshold range, t (w≤t), every nanosensor sends the data directly to the nanorouter of its corresponding layer. However, for nanosensors located outside annulus t, that is, w>t, each one sends out the data to the adjacent (immediate neighbor) active nanosensor one annulus nearer to its nanorouter using the multi-hop transmission.

Second, between layers, three data transmission methods are also feasible as shown in Figure 2. In the hybrid approach, the collected data in each layer's router should be forwarded to the next immediate router using the multi-hop or direct transmission, where the transmission method is chosen by the threshold layer l. Let us define h as a certain layer of nanonetworks. If layer h is less than or equal to the threshold layer l; the nanorouter directly sends the collected data to layer 0's nanorouter; otherwise, the other nanorouters transmit the data to the next upper layer's nanorouter until arriving at the nanorouter of the threshold layer l using multi-hop transmission. On the other hand, the multi-hop transmission is accomplished by sending the collected data from the farthest nanorouter of layer h to the adjacent router (immediate neighbor router) until arriving at layer 0's nanorouter in the way of layer by layer hierarchically, as given in Figure 2. On the contrary, the direct data transmission can be achieved by sending the data collected at each layer's nanorouter directly to layer 0's nanorouter as explained in Figure 2.

4.2. Selection of Energy Efficient Data Transmission Method
Employing the data transmission methods within layer and between layers, explained in the previous section, we can select the most effective combination of data transmission methods in the way of energy efficiency. For the overall collection process, individual nanosensor creates a cluster for each layer, as shown in Figure 2. Each layer can select the nanorouter in its corresponding layer. Here, note that we fixed the location of each router at the center cell (annulus A0) in each layer. After detecting symptoms or virus for the specific application, all nanosensors transmit the geographical location data to their nanorouters using data transmission methods within layer, that is, hybrid method (H), multi-hop method (M), or direct method (D). After receiving the data from nanosensors, each router sends out the collected data to layer 0's router using data transmission methods between layers, that is, H, M, or D methods. Figure 3 summarizes the overall collection process.


figure

Figure 3 Selection of the energy efficient data transmission method.

Table 1 summarizes the possible combinations of data transmission methods. With applying one of combinations of data transmission methods listed in Table 1 to the algorithm given in Figure 3, we can find out the most energy efficient combination. We define this process denoted by

COMB=min∑Router=0H    [EHorizontalSensor+EHorizontalRouter+EVerticalRouter],
(7)
where COMB is one of combinations of data transmission methods minimizing the total energy dissipation of data transmission. ERouter is the total energy dissipation of the nanorouter in each layer and ESensor is the total energy dissipation of nanosensors in each layer, respectively; and H means the depth of network. Therefore, the main objective is to find out the most efficient combination of data transmission methods which has the least total energy dissipation ETotal (i.e., COMB) in the given cylindrical model designed for intrabody application.
Table
Table 1 Possible combinations of data transmission methods.

Table 1 Possible combinations of data transmission methods.


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4.3. Energy Dissipation of Each Combination of Data Transmission Methods
In order to calculate ETotal (the total energy dissipation of the nanorouter and nanosensors for each combination), we need to derive rHormul (the multi-hop transmission range) and rHordir(w) (the direct transmission range) within layer horizontally, as given in the equations in Figure 4(a). Respectively, between layers, we also need rVertmul (the multi-hop transmission range) and rVertdir(h) (the direct transmission range) vertically, as derived in the equations in Figure 4(b). Figure 4 shows the ranges for the multi-hop and direct transmissions utilized for each combination.


figure

Figure 4 Description of ranges for transmission methods.

In this paper, we assume that one sensor in each cell transmits its location information in case of detecting a certain symptom or virus for the specific application. For all possible combinations of data transmission methods, the energy dissipation equations are constructed as given in Table 2.

Table
Table 2 Energy dissipation of the possible combination of data transmission methods.

Table 2 Energy dissipation of the possible combination of data transmission methods.


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Horizontally, using (5) and (6), rHormul and rHordir(w) in case of applying the hybrid method in each layer, the transmission energy dissipation of nanosensors can be written as

EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensor=6w×et(k,rHormul),if  w=W,EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensor=er(k)×∑W−t−1n=1[−3n(n−2W−1)]+et(k,rHormul)×∑W−t−1n=1[−3(n2+n−2Wn−2W)],if  t<w<W,EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensor=er(k)×∑W−tn=1[6(W−n+1)]+et(k,rHordir(t))×∑W−t+1n=1[6(W−n+1)],if  w=t,EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensor=∑t−1w=1[6w×et(k,rHordir(w))],otherwise.
(8)
In (9), EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensortotal is the total energy dissipation of nanosensors for each layer when the hybrid transmission method is applied horizontally. Consider
EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensortotal=6W×et(k,rHormul)+er(k)×∑W−t−1n=1[−3n(n−2W−1)]+et(k,rHormul)×∑W−t−1n=1[−3(n2+n−2Wn−2W)]+er(k)×∑W−tn=1[6(W−n+1)]+et(k,rHordir(t))×∑W−t+1n=1[6(W−n+1)]+∑t−1w=1[6w×et(k,rHordir(w))].
(9)
On the other hand, applying (5) and (6) and rHormul in the case of the multi-hop transmission method, we derive the following equation for the transmission energy dissipation of nanosensors (EHorizontal(Multi-hop)Sensor) defined by
EHorizontal(Multi-hop)Sensor=6w×et(k,rHormul),if  w=W,EHorizontal(Multi-hop)Sensor=er(k)×∑W−1n=1[−3n(n−2W−1)]+et(k,rHormul)×∑W−1n=1[−3(n2+n−2Wn−2W)],if  0≤w<W.
(10)
In (11), EHorizontal(Multi-hop)Sensortotal is the total energy dissipation of nanosensors for each layer when the multi-hop transmission method is applied horizontally. Consider
EHorizontal(Multi-hop)Sensortotal=6W×et(k,rHormul)+er(k)×∑W−1n=1[−3n(n−2W−1)]+et(k,rHormul)×∑W−1n=1[−3(n2+n−2Wn−2W)].
(11)
And then, applying (5) and (6) and rHordir(w) for the direct transmission method, we can define the transmission energy dissipation of nanosensors (EHorizontal(Direct)Sensor) written as

EHorizontal(Direct)Sensortotal=∑Ww=1[6w×et(k,rHordir(w))],1≤w≤W.
(12)
On the other hand, (13) means the total receiving energy dissipation for the nanorouter in the center cell of each layer denoted by
EHorizontalRouter=(H+1)×(∑Ww=16w)×er(k),0≤l≤H.
(13)
Vertically, we also represent the energy dissipation of nanorouters in a similar way. First of all, using (5) and (6), rVertmul, and rVertdir(h) in case of applying the hybrid transmission method, the equations for the transmission energy dissipations of nanorouters (EHorizontal(Hybrid)Router) can be written as

A=[∑Ww=1(6w)]+1,EVertical(hybrid)Router=A×et(k,rVertmul),if  h=H,EVertical(hybrid)Router=er(k)×[∑H−l−1n=1(n×A)]+et(k,rVertmul)×[∑H−l−1n=1[(n+1)×A]],if  l<h<H,EVertical(hybrid)Router=(H−l)×A×er(k)+(H−l+1)×A×et(k,rVertdir(l)),if  h=l,EVertical(hybrid)Router=∑l−1h=1[A×et(k,rVertdir(h))],otherwise.
(14)
In (15), EHorizontal(Hybrid)Routertotal refers to the total energy dissipation of nanorouters when the hybrid transmission method is applied vertically. Consider
A=[∑Ww=1(6w)]+1,EVertical(Hybrid)Router total=A×et(k,rVertmul)+er(k)×[∑H−l−1n=1(n×A)]+et(k,rVertmul)×[∑H−l−1n=1[(n+1)×A]]+(H−l)×A×er(k)+(H−l+1)×A×et(k,rVertdir(l))+∑l−1h=1[A×et(k,rVertdir(h))].
(15)
On the other hand, using (5) and (6) and rVertmul in the case of the multi-hop transmission method, we derive the transmission energy dissipation EVertical(Multi-hop)Router of the nanorouters given by

A=[∑Ww=1(6w)]+1,EVertical(Multi-hop)Router=A×et(k,rVertmul),if  h=H,EVertical(Multi-hop)Router=er(k)×[∑H−1n=1(n×A)]+et(k,rVertmul)×[∑H−1n=1[(n+1)×A]],if  0≤h<H.
(16)
In (17), EVertical(Multi-hop)Routertotal means the total energy dissipation of nanorouters when the multi-hop transmission method is adapted vertically. Consider
A=[∑Ww=1(6w)]+1,EVertical(Multi-hop)Routertotal=A×et(k,rVertmul)+er(k)×[∑H−1n=1(n×A)]+et(k,rVertmul)×[∑H−1n=1[(n+1)×A]].
(17)
And then, applying (5) and (6) and rVertdir(h) to the direct transmission method, (18) for the transmission energy dissipation of the nanorouters (EVertical(Direct)Sensor) can be written as

A=[∑Ww=1(6w)]+1,EVertical(Direct)Routertotal=∑Hh=1[A×et(k,rVerdir(h))],1≤h≤H.
(18)
Meanwhile, the following equation contains the total receiving energy dissipation for layer 0's nanorouter which forwards the collected information to the nano-microinterface given by

EVerticalRouter=H×A×er(k).A=[∑Ww=1(6w)]+1,
(19)
Conclusively, utilizing all equations, that is, (5)-(6) and from (8) through (19), we can find the most efficient combination of data transmission methods which has the least total energy dissipation ETotal (i.e., COMB) in the given cylindrical model designed. According to our simulation results, we experienced that the combination of hybrid data transmissions (within layer and between layers) (H-H) outperforms other combinations like H-M, H-D, M-H, M-M, M-D, D-H, D-M, and D-D.
5. Design and Analysis of Simulation Results
5.1. Design of Nanosensors Deployment Network Model
The human body is made up of almost 80 organs; their size and weight are unpredictable according to body length, body weight, and body mass index [19]. For network modeling, we assume the target organ as cylindrical shape 3D hexagonal pole. Let us design a cylinder model for the supposed organ of the body (15 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height). The edge length of hexagon S can be derived by applying the relation R, as given in Figure 2. Table 3 shows S and the total number of hexagonal cells (in the layer) X in proportion to the annulus number W. In Table 3, we can notice that X increases as S decreases.

Table
Table 3 Number of hexagonal cells and edge length in proportion to the required annulus number.

Table 3 Number of hexagonal cells and edge length in proportion to the required annulus number.


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In addition, the total number of layers H can be decided by using S. Table 4 shows H and the maximum height of network approximated to 15 cm in height.

Table
Table 4 Total number of layers and maximum height of network with variable edge length S.

Table 4 Total number of layers and maximum height of network with variable edge length S.


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5.2. Calculation of the Horizontal Threshold Range t
For the case of the H-H combination described in Section 4.3, this section explains how to calculate the horizontal threshold range t. The total horizontal transmission energy dissipation of nanosensors is given in (9). In order to find out t for the target annulus number W in Table 3, we divide the total horizontal transmission energy dissipation (EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensortotal) by the total area (t2) in the direct transmission range. For example, the horizontal energy dissipation per unit area (ΔEHor) can be calculated as follows:

t=arg mint[EHorizontal(Hybrid)Sensortotalt2].
(20)
Figure 5 shows the energy dissipation per unit area ΔEHor versus threshold range t. In the simulation, we set the parameters as follows: the center frequency f0 as 1 Thz, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as 10 dB, the constant noise power spectral density N0 as 3 dB, the packet size k as 256 bits, and the transceiver energy dissipation ratio η as 1/5.

figure

Figure 5 Energy dissipation per unit area (ΔEHor) versus threshold range (t).

As shown in Figure 5, ΔEHor has minimum value at the threshold annulus. Therefore, we can choose these threshold ranges to calculate the energy dissipation of the proposed hybrid data transmission method horizontally.

5.3. Calculation of the Vertical Threshold Layer l
This section introduces how to calculate the vertical threshold layer l, described in Section 4.3. When the hybrid data transmission method is applied between layers, (15) shows the total vertical energy consumption of nanorouters. Therefore, we need to decide threshold layer l in the way of minimizing the total vertical energy dissipation. For this, the resulting relationship is expressed as follows:

l=arg minl[EVertical(Hybrid)Routertotal](2≤l<H).
(21)
Figure 6 shows the relationship between the total number of layers H and the threshold layer l. In Figure 6, we can decide the threshold layer l in the way of minimizing the energy dissipation vertically.


figure

Figure 6 Relationship between the total number of layers H and the threshold layer l.

5.4. Energy Dissipation Analysis
For the data transmission among nanorouter and nanosensors (also among nanosensors, resp.) in each layer, three different transmission schemes, that is, H, M, and D methods, are used to compare the performance of the transceiver energy consumption. Figure 7 shows the energy dissipation of the transceivers with respect to the farthest annulus number W and the edge length S.


figure

Figure 7 Energy consumption analysis within layer.

As shown in Figure 7, the data transmission methods, H and M, outperform the method D. In the method D, the energy consumption of the nanosensor varies with respect to the annulus number. At the initial stage (i.e., the annulus number w=1), both methods, D and M, have the same energy consumption. As growing the annulus number, the energy consumption of method D is significantly increased. On the other hand, the energy consumption of method M has a constant value. In case of w=2, method D consumes four times more energy than method M. Otherwise, method H has a good performance when the farthest annulus number W is more than a certain threshold, whereas method M is good overall.

On the other hand, Figure 8 compares the energy dissipation of different data transmission methods between layers, that is, method H, method M, and method D. As given in Figure 8, method H and method M show almost identical results, whereas method D consumes more energy. When the farthest annulus number W is small, the energy dissipation of method D is monotonically increased, whereas the energy dissipation is saturated when W is increased.


figure

Figure 8 Energy consumption analysis between Layers.

Figure 9 shows the energy consumption comparison of various combinations of the data transmission methods. Notice that the combinations of the direct and other methods (D-H, D-M, D-D, H-D, and M-D) destructively waste the transceiver energy compared to the combination H-H or M-H. As shown in Figure 9, H-H (or M-H) combination improves the average energy dissipation compared with D-H, D-M, H-D, M-D, and D-D.


figure

Figure 9 Energy consumption comparison of various combinations of data transmission methods.

6. Conclusion and Future Works
In this paper, we propose a WNSN paradigm for intrabody application. The scenario of application is that each nanosensor node would be placed within each cell and that they will communicate with their immediate neighbor cell according to the combinations of transmission methods. Each cell is modeled as a hexagonal shaped cell, therefore giving a 3D structure for WNSN.

The contribution of this paper is twofold. First one is the derivation of the ideal number of hexagonal cells and the edge length in proportion to the needed annulus number horizontally for the supposed organ of the body. The other one is a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency in the process of data transmission, showing that H-H (or M-H) combination improves the average energy dissipation compared with D-H, D-M, H-D, M-D, and D-D combinations.

Some issues still remain to be solved in the future. First, we need to verify the proposed conceptual model in real environment to be used for intrabody application. Second, we also need to implement the most efficient data transmission methods and the network protocols based on OOK and TDMA framework and to verify them in that environment.

Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Pukyong National University Research Abroad Fund in 2014 (C-D-2014-0717).

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The scientific and technological capability which is detailed in the enclosed article called Nano-Sensor Modelling for Intra-Body Nano-Networks by Mustafa Alper Akkas is being used against me to torture me from an unknown remote location and my name is Gretta Fahey aka Margaret Fahey from Newbrook, Claremorris, Co. Mayo, Eircode F12 Y560,  Republic of Ireland.  This aforementioned torture has continued for more than eighteen years.

 

 

Published: 11 February 2021
Nano-Sensor Modelling for Intra-Body Nano-Networks
Mustafa Alper Akkaş
Wireless Personal Communications volume 118, pages3129–3143 (2021)Cite this article
In this work, the author has evaluated the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the human tissue such as blood, skin and fat for single-path and multi-path layers according to nano sensor transmit power calculations. In particular, the propagation characteristics of the Intra-Body Nano-Network communication channel are calculated using a theoretical approach. The analysis in this paper provides an evaluation related to the path loss, bit error rate, signal to noise ratio and the channel capacity. The model is evaluated for each single-path effect and multi-path effect. The effects of human tissue for each blood, skin and fat for single-path effect and multi-path are included in the analysis. The model frequency range is chosen from 0.01 to 1.5 THz frequencies, which are ideal for designing nano sensors antennae and using THz range for communication. This paper will also guide other researchers who are working on the electromagnetic radiation performance of Intra-Body Nano-Network and Nano sensors designed at the THz range.

Introduction
Next generation wearable technologies, which is also supported with Internet of Things (IoT) and Nano-technology have to be in miniature size. Therefore, the designers need to work on higher frequencies such as 0.1–10 THz to reduce antenna size [1]. With the help of Nano-technology, nano-communication and THz waves, nano or micro size machines can communicate with each other [2, 3]. Since nano-technology was put forward in 1959, it has not only gained great attention in body-centric applications, but it has also gained great attention in many other fields [4]. Nano-technology, nano-networks and nano-communication will greatly affect human life and health. Nano-machines which are especially designed for the human body can be placed inside the body or surface-mounted on the body. With the help of these technologies, patient data can be sent to monitoring centers independent of the patient location [5].

One of the most important parts to achieve nano-technology is improving nano-machines without battery. Nano-machines are nano sized nodes which are used for communication, sensing, computation etc. [6]. In Intra-Body Nano-Networks, communication is done by nano-machines which function like nano-nodes [1]. The communication between nano-nodes in Intra-Body Nano-Networks is still an open issue and there are challenges to be solved [7]. So far, two communication methods have been used for Intra-Body Nano-Networks. These are Electromagnetic Communication (EMC) and Molecular Communication (MC). EMC communication uses EM waves for communication and transmission of information. MC systems are different from EMC, forming a new and interdisciplinary research area, which use the absence or presence of a selected type of molecule to digitally encode messages [8]. Molecules are used as a communication carrier in MC systems. MC is a new, open and interdisciplinary research area, and there are many challenges to be solved. These challenges are definition of MC channel model, characterization of MC mechanisms, development of its architectures and the networks protocols [9].

As shown in Fig. 1, the magnitude of the node needs to be in the nanometer size because the place where nano-nodes are placed is too small in biomedical applications. Nano nodes require THz antennas for their dimensions in EM communication. In THz band communication, phase shifting effects and path loss fluctuates according to the environment. Therefore electromagnetic (EM) waves need to communicate where phase shifting effects and path loss fluctuates are minimum. In EMC transmission distance between nodes can be increased by using the bandwidths where absorption and path loss is minimum.

Fig. 1
figure1
A schematic network architecture for intra-body nano-networks with nano-sensors

Full size image
We know that battery dependent machines are limited to use. This rule is also valid for nano-machines. That is why alternative energy methods should be developed like changing vibrational movement, mechanical movement or hydraulic energy into electrical energy. Another alternative energy method is charging batteries wirelessly but it’s not easy to implement. Whence, nano-machines transmit power is very important and is covered in this paper [10, 11]. Part of this work was presented in [12] and an extended version of the article is given in this study.

In this paper, the author has carried out calculations of the Path Loss, bit error rate (BER), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and Channel Capacity effect based on the channel model for each single-path effect and multi-path effect, shown in Fig. 2. The effect of the human tissues according to Path Loss, BER, SNR and the Channel Capacity for each blood, skin and fat for single-path effect and multi-path effect are included in the all analysis.

Fig. 2
figure2
Multi-path channel model

Full size image
This paper is organized as follows. In Sect. 2, related work is investigated. In Sect. 3, models for intra-body nano-networks for single and multi-layers are given. In Sect. 4, graphs of the theoretical model are shown. Conclusions are drawn in the last section.

Related Work
Akyıldız et al. [13] present an overview of two main alternatives for nano-communication, namely Electromagnetic Communication and Molecular Communication in the THz Band. The aim of the study is to provide a better understanding of current research topics in this important field and pave the way for future studies in nano-networks.

Yang et al. [14] modeled the human tissue with a 3-D numerical model at the THz range but they did not consider multi-layers according to the nano-sensor transmit power calculation. They also specify this lack in their conclusion part.

Pratap Singh et al. [8] analyzed the probability density function of radiation absorption noise and included the properties of different tissues of the human body to demonstrate its applicability. Also, the closed form expression of error probability for MNC under radiation noise is derived. Numerical analysis is shown in different tissues of the human body: The polarization factor of the incoming EM radiation is shown as well as the skin, brain and blood.

Again, Pratap Singh et al. [15] proposes a more general and appropriate noise model as the Gaussian distribution to derive a new closed form expression of the conditional error probability for the nano communication system. They have compared their noise model with different models in the literature. Finally, with respect to the conditional error probability, closed form statements derived for average bit error rate, the Weibull-Gamma and Mixture Gamma were derived from fading channels.

Hadeel Elayan et al. [16] analyzed the photo thermal effects of the THz range inside the human body as a heat diffusion mathematical model. Shortly they have analyzed EM waves release energy as a heat to their environment.

Zhang et al. [17] investigates the mathematical model for in vivo nano networks at the THz range including the information speed and the noise of link. In their analytical model, they have investigated signal-to-noise ratio according to different information and power allocation for body-centric nano-networks.

In their paper, Piro et al. [18] present the range of transmission and the channel capacity for intra-body systems for general healthcare applications. Again, Piro et al. [19] has studied the communication capabilities of a body area nano-network by carefully taking into account the inhomogeneous and disordered structure offered by biological tissues.

However, most of the works presented above consider the human tissue as a single level. In this work, a multi-layer communications method has been proposed. In addition, the reflection properties between blood, fat and skin are investigated. This work also calculates the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the human tissue containing blood, skin and fat for single and multi-layers according to nano-sensor transmit power calculation. Transmit power calculation is an innovative topic which has not been investigated in detail before as it is in this paper. Hence, this work investigates Intra-Body Nano-Network communication propagation channel characteristics which are calculated using a theoretical approach that is modeled providing an evaluation about the losses, capacity, BER and SNR considering the multipath effect of the channel according to the nano-sensor transmit power calculation.

Model for Intra-Body Nano-Networks for Single and Multi-layers
The Friis Transmission Equation is used to calculate received power from an antenna to another antenna at some distance given a transmission frequency and antenna gains. Friis Equation is used to find the ideal power received at an antenna from basic information about the transmission [20]. For the propagation in human tissue, noise power (NP), thermal noise and additional losses (Lmedium) at the receiver which are caused by blood, skin and fat are added to Friis equation in formula (1). To calculate the NP, the Bandwidth (B) and ambient temperature (T), which is taken as body temperature of 310.15 K, need to be calculated. Consequently, the received signal in the Friis equation can be updated as [21]:

Pr(dBm)=Pt(dBm)+Gr(dB)+Gt(dB)−LFSPL(dB)−LNP(dBm)−Lmedium(dB)SystemLoss
(1)
Table 1 shows the values in equations.

Table 1 Constants and parameters
Full size table
In Eq. (1) LNP calculated as 10log10(103 × kB × T × B). Lmedium equals to:

Lmedium(dB)=Lβ+Lα
(2)
Lmedium (2) is a combination of Lβ and Lα. Lα which is 8.96αd(dB) is the transmission loss caused by attenuation with attenuation constant α. Lβ is the attenuation loss due to the difference of the wavelength of the signal in medium, λ, compared to the wavelength in free space, λ0. So Lβ can be also written as 20log(λ0/ λ). Here, in this formula λ = 2π/β and λ0 = c/f (Here c is speed of light) then Lβ can be written as 154 − 20log(f) + 20log(β) as dB. Then Lmedium which is our body in this work becomes:

Lmedium(dB)=6.4+20log(d)+20log(β)+8.69αdα=2πfμ∈′2[1+(∈′′∈′)2−1]−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√,β=2πfμ∈′2[1+(∈′′∈′)2+1]−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√
(3)
where parameters and constants are also given in Table 1. Note that Lmedium in (2) depends on the β, α of the human body [19]. The human body’s dielectric properties in this paper are obtained from [14].

In these analyzes, the communication channel is modeled as an independent Rayleigh distributed random variable, Xi, i ∈ {1,2} [22, 23]. The single-path model received energy spectral density is given by (4) and has a distribution of (5).

r=X2SNR
(4)
f(r)=1E[X21]SNRexp(E[X21]SNRE[X22]SNR)
(5)
The received signal is modeled as the addition of two independent Rayleigh distributed random variables.

Consequently, the composite attenuation constant, X, for the multi-path model is given by [22, 23]:

X2 = X21+(X2⋅Γ⋅exp(−αΔ(r)))2−2⋅X1⋅X2⋅Γ⋅exp(−αΔ(r))×cos(π−(ϕ−2πλΔ(r)))
(6)
The SNR is given by SNR = Pt − Lf − Pn in paper [21]. In this paper Pt assumes − 15 to 5 dBm which are low enough for nano-node [7]. LNP is given by (7) as dBm [24]:

LNP=10log10(1000×k×T×B)(dBm)
(7)
According to paper [23] 2PSK modulation has more range when we compare with other modulations. For this reason, in this paper 2PSK modulation is considered. The BER rate for 2 PSK is 0.5erfc((SNR)1/2) in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) [23].

The multi-path channel model in blood, fat and skin is shown in Fig. 2. The reflections are the same in the other human tissue because according to the papers [25, 26] the relative magnetic permeability is 1 in all parts of the body. The single path is the direct path, which is shown with the red line between the two sensors in Fig. 2. The medium all around the sensor nodes can be considered homogeneous for instance the model is suitable for higher depths.

The multi-path channel model is given by (8) [20, 21, 25]

Lf(dB)=LHumanTissue(dB)−10logA−−√A=1+(Γ×exp(−αΔr))2−2Γexp(−αΔr)2×cos(π−(ϕ−2πfλΔ(2)))Δr=r−d,r=r1+r2(inFig.2)
(8)
where human tissue is the path loss due to the single path given in (4) and the second part of the equation is the second path’s attenuation factor which is unit in dB [22, 23, 27].

C=Blog2[1+S/N]
(9)
Capacity is the highest data rate that can be delivered reliably over a channel. The resulting capacity is measured in bits/s because the logarithm is taken in base 2 in Eq. (9) [14]. The unit of the bandwidth of the channel (B) is hertz. The signal and noise powers are S and N. The ratio between S and N is called SNR. The detailed model of the system is shown step by step in Fig. 3 to make this section more easily readable.

Fig. 3
figure3
Detailed model of the system

Full size image
Numerical Results
In this part the proposed channel model’s path loss, BER, attenuation factor, channel capacity and SNR values are given.

Figure 4a gives the values of path loss for blood, skin and fat. Figure 4b gives a 3D version of Fig. 4a. In Fig. 4a and in the following figures the red lines show the blood, the black lines show the skin and the blue lines show the fat. The lines style at figures are the same in the following figures that is why lines style legend is not given in some following figures not to make them complicated. Figure 4 shows that when the frequency and distance increases path loss is increased. Path loss is directly proportional to frequency and distance. Figure 4 also shows that blood has higher path loss than skin and fat. The reason why the blood has the highest path loss is that the amount of water in blood is more than in skin and fat. The human blood contains about 45% of erythrocytes and 54.3% of plasma by volume. The plasma contains about 92% water, while the erythrocytes, about 64% by weight. These papers [28,29,30] also prove why the water has higher absorption and path loss.

Fig. 4
figure4
Path loss vs. distance for 0.5 to 1.5THz in single-path channel model. a 2D version, b 3D version

Full size image
Figure 5a shows BER vs. distance for 0.5–1.5 THz. Figure 5b examines the BER for blood in the case of − 15 to 5 dBm transmit power and frequency at 0.5 THz. The results show that BER of the 0.5–1.5 THz operating frequencies in blood, skin and fat for the single path channel model increases between 1 and 3 mm for blood, 1–5 mm for skin and 2–7 mm for fat at minimum received signal power of − 5 dBm. The millimeter size communication distance increments are very important for nano-nodes inside the body. Figure 5 proves that the communication range depends on the value of the dielectric loss of the human body, remaining power of the node and the operating frequency. In Fig. 5b shows that each 5 dBm increment in Pt increases the communication distance around 0.1 mm. Figure 5c, d gives the values of capacity and SNR respectively that have been calculated from (8). Figure 5c shows that path loss increments cause less capacity and Fig. 5d shows that when the frequency decreases SNR increases and when the path loss increases SNR decreases that is why 0.5 THz fat has the highest SNR.

Fig. 5
figure5
BER, capacity and SNR versus distance for 0.5 to 1.5THz in single-path channel model. a BER versus distance, b BER for blood, c capacity, d SNR

Full size image
Figure 6a, b give the values of path loss at 0.5–1.5 THz for multi-path channel according to distance and depth respectively. When we compare Fig. 6a with Fig. 4a the path loss is around 80–300 dB in one-path model and the path loss is around 100–300 dB in multi-path model. Figure 6a also shows that in the multi-path model, communication distance at path loss 100 dB is up to 0.8 mm, 1.4 mm and 2 mm in blood, skin and fat respectively. Also in one-path model, the range is increased by 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm in blood, skin and fat respectively at 0.5 THz. Added reflection component of the signals do not help to increase the communication distance in the multi-path model because there is not much reflection in human tissue as seen in Fig. 6b. Figure 6b also shows that path loss values depend on human tissue distance and depth. Fluctuations at Fig. 6b decreases when the depth increases and almost disappears after distance around 0.2 mm. Figure 6c shows path loss, distance and depth relation in 3D dimensions at 0.5 THz. The 3D graph shows that at depths smaller than 0.2 mm there is a wave, which is too small to affect communication distance. In Fig. 6d attenuation factor is given which is the second part of the Eq. 7. As seen in the Fig. 6d attenuation factor decreases at depths smaller than 0.2 mm this caused the increased path loss in multi-path model and decreased the communication distance. This is also one reason why the multi-path channel model has smaller communication distance than one path-channel model.

Fig. 6
figure6
Path loss vs. distance and depth for 0.5–1.5THz in multi-path channel model. a Path loss versus distance, b Path loss versus depth. c Path Loss, Distance and Depth Relation. d Attenuation

Full size image
Figure 7 shows BER vs. distance for 0.5–1.5 THz operating frequencies for the multi-path channel model. BER versus depth has not been given because there is almost zero BER at all depths. Figure 7a shows that the increment in the path loss has small effect on BER in multi-path channel model. The BER rate is directly proportional to the distance. Figure 7b examines the BER for blood in the case of − 15 to 5 dBm transmit power Pt at frequency 0.5–1.5 THz. When we compare Figs. 5b with 7b we see that there is no much difference between one-path and multi-path channel models. Only in the multi-path channel model, the transmission distance decreases around 1 mm at 0.5 THz.

Fig. 7
figure7
BER versus distance for 0.5–1.5THz in multi-path channel model. a BER versus distance, b BER for blood

Full size image
Figure 8 shows Capacity versus distance and depth for 0.5–1.5 THz operating frequencies for the multi-path channel model. Figure 8a gives capacity values according to the distance at − 5 dBm transmit power. Figure 8b gives capacity values according to depth at − 5 dBm transmit power. Figure 8c gives capacity values according to distance at − 15 to 5 dBm from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. From Fig. 8a we can understand that capacity and path loss inversely proportional to each other as expected. Figure 8b shows the capacity at − 5 dBm transmit power according to depth. Fluctuations at Fig. 8b decreases when the depth increases and almost disappears after distance around 0.2 mm as in the Fig. 6b. Figure 8c gives capacity values according to distance at − 15 to 5 dBm transmit power in the blood. Figure 8c also shows that frequency and capacity inversely proportional to each other and transmit power increases the capacity as expected.

Fig. 8
figure8
Capacity vs. distance and depth for 0.5 to 1.5THz in multi-path channel model. a Capacity versus distance. b Capacity versus depth. c Capacity in the Blood

Full size image
Figure 9 shows SNR vs. distance and depth for 0.5–1.5 THz operating frequencies for the multi-path channel model. Figure 8a gives SNR values according to distance at − 5 dBm transmit power. Figure 8b gives SNR values according to depth at − 5 dBm transmit power. Figure 8c gives SNR values according to distance at − 15 to 5 dBm from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. From Fig. 9a we can understand that SNR and path loss are inversely proportional to each other as expected. Figure 9b shows the SNR at − 5 dBm transmit power according to depth. Fluctuations at Fig. 8b decreases when the depth increases and almost disappears after distance around 0.4 mm but see the effect at capacity and path loss up to 0.2 mm. Figure 9c gives SNR values according to distance at − 15 to 5 dBm transmit power. Figure 9c also shows that frequency and SNR inversely proportional to each other and transmit power increases the capacity as expected. At Fig. 9c SNR values of 1 THz and 1.5 THz frequencies are not given because they are around the zero level. SNR values can help other researchers who are working on terahertz intra body networks. SNR is also affected from distance, frequency depth and transmit power. Figure 9 also reminds us that SNR is indirect proportional to frequency and direct proportional to transmit power.

Fig. 9
figure9
SNR versus distance and depth for 0.5 to 1.5THz in multi-path channel model. a SNR versus distance. b SNR versus depth. c SNR in the Blood

Full size image
Conclusion
Due to the small communication range inside the human body EM waves do not propagate easily especially in THz Bands. This paper examines the path loss, BER, channel capacity and SNR of nano-sensors propagating THz EM waves inside the blood, skin and fat according to transmit power and channel type. Briefly, the paper sets the theoretical background for the propagation of THz EM waves in blood, skin and fat in the THz range and determines the incurred path loss, BER, capacity and SNR of nano-sensors in single-channel and multi-channel. The paper also shows the reasons for why the multi-path channel model has smaller communication distance than one path-channel model. Numerical evaluations show that data communication is possible over the 0.01–1.5 THz band at transmit power − 15 to 5 dBm but to reach more communication distance, a new communication model needs to be investigated. Theoretical results show that wireless nano-sensor can communicate through the human body but thermal noise is too high to use the THz waves inside the human body. That is why new techniques need to be develop not to harm the body at THz range. The results in this paper also aim to guide other researchers that will be working in the area of the intra-body nano-networks. In the future, experiments can be done by using spectroscopy at THz range to validate the numerical findings.

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Department of Computer Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu, Turkey

Mustafa Alper Akkaş

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Correspondence to Mustafa Alper Akkaş.

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GRAPHENE OXIDE & NANO-ROUTER CIRCUITRY IN COVID VACCINES: UNCOVERING THE TRUE PURPOSE OF THESE MANDATORY TOXIC INJECTIONS

HOME / COVID-19 VACCINES, PCR TESTS & MASKS / GRAPHENE OXIDE & NANO-ROUTER CIRCUITRY IN COVID VACCINES: UNCOVERING THE TRUE PURPOSE OF THESE MANDATORY TOXIC INJECTIONS
Graphene Oxide & Nano-Router Circuitry in Covid Vaccines: Uncovering the True Purpose of These Mandatory Toxic Injections

 

Pattern Identification in Coronavirus Vaccines: Nanorouters 

by Mik AndersenCorona2Inspect
published in Spanish November 2021
rough translation via translation software

 

Since graphene oxide was discovered in coronavirus vaccines, all the findings and discoveries made only confirm its presence (Campra, P. 2021). To date, more than reasonable evidence and indications have also been found for the existence of carbon nanotubes and nano-octopusesmesoporous spherescolloidal nano-robots; objects that should not be part of any vaccine and that are not declared among the components of the same. Additionally, other types of objects have been identified and evidenced in images of blood samples, of people vaccinated with the coronavirus vaccines, specifically micro-swimmersnano-antennas of crystallized graphene and graphene quantum dots, as well, known as GQD.

On this occasion, analyzing one of the images obtained by Dr. Campra, corresponding to a sample of the Pfizer vaccine, see figure 1, it has been discovered, which with great probability, is a nanorouter or part of its circuitry. In the original image, a well-defined drop can be seen in which crystalline structures of a quadrangular or cubic format appear. If you look closely, you can see some marks on these crystals, with a regular pattern, well defined in some cases, but limited by the microscope optics.

na1.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na1-300x148.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="295" />Fig. 1. Crystalline formations that show markings of what appear to be circuits. Among these objects, the circuit of what could be a nanorouter has been discovered. Image of a sample of the Pfizer vaccine, obtained by (Campra, P. 2021)

The finding has been possible by isolating each quadrangular crystal, applying a process of rasterizing, focusing and delineating the edges of the image, in order to further pronounce the observed marks. Once this process was completed, a rough draft was drawn with the lines and patterns inscribed on the glass, creating a clean outline of what actually looked like a circuit. The fact of finding parallel and perpendicular lines with a distribution far from the fractal patterns was very striking, which allowed us to automatically infer the possibility that it had been a product of manufacture. For this reason, similar patterns were searched in the scientific literature, which had a similar scheme, similar to the circuit that had just been drawn. The search result was almost immediate, as the pattern of a quantum dot nanorouter was found, as seen in Figure 2.

na2.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na2-225x300.jpg 225w" alt="" width="600" height="800" />Fig. 2. Possible quantum dot nanorouter observed in a quadrangular crystal, in an image obtained by the doctor (Campra, P. 2021). In the lower right corner, the quantum dot nanorouter circuit published by (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013) is observed. Note the obvious similarity between the sketch, the shape inscribed in the crystal, and the quantum dot circuit.

This discovery is of fundamental relevance, not only to understand the true purpose and components of the coronavirus vaccines, but also to explain the existence of the phenomenon of MAC addresses, visible through the bluetooth of many mobile devices.

Discovery context

Before proceeding with the explanation of the finding, it is convenient to remember the context in which it is framed, in order to ensure its understanding and subsequent deepening.

In the first place, it should be borne in mind that graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), are part of the components of vaccines, according to what has already been stated in this blog. The properties of graphene are exceptional from the physical point of view, but also thermodynamic, electronic, mechanical and magnetic. Its characteristics allow its use as a superconductor, electromagnetic wave absorbing material (microwave EM), emitter, signal receiver, quantum antenna, which makes it possible to create advanced electronics on a nano and micrometric scale. Such is the case, that it is the fundamental nanomaterial for the development of nano-biomedicine (Mitragotri, S .; Anderson, DG; Chen, X .; Chow, EK; Ho, D .; Kabanov, AV; Xu, C. 2015 ), nano-communication networks (Kumar, MR 2019), new drug delivery therapies (Yu, J .; Zhang, Y .; Yan, J .; Kahkoska, AR; Gu, Z. 2018) and treatments against cancer (Huang, G .; Huang, H. 2018) and the neurological treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (John, AA; Subramanian, AP; Vellayappan, MV; Balaji, A .; Mohandas, H .; Jaganathan, SK 2015 ). However, all the benefits aside, the scientific literature is very clear regarding the health implications for the human body. It is well known that graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO) and other derivatives such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) are toxic in almost all their forms, causing mutagenesis, cell death (apoptosis), release of free radicals, lung toxicity , bilateral pneumonia, genotoxicity or DNA damage, inflammation, immunosuppression, damage to the nervous system, the circulatory, endocrine, reproductive, and urinary systems, which can cause anaphylactic death and multi-organ dysfunction, see page “Damages and toxicity of graphene oxide” and from “Damage and toxicity of carbon-graphene nanotubes“.

Second, graphene is a radio-modulable nanomaterial, capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves and multiplying radiation, acting as a nano-antenna, or a signal repeater (Chen, Y .; Fu, X .; Liu, L .; Zhang , Y .; Cao, L .; Yuan, D .; Liu, P. 2019). Exposure to electromagnetic radiation can cause exfoliation of the material in smaller particles (Lu, J .; Yeo, PSE; Gan, CK; Wu, P .; Loh, KP 2011), called graphene quantum dots or GQD (Graphene Quantum Dots), whose physical properties and particularities improve due to their even smaller scale, due to the “Quantum Hall” effect, since they act by amplifying electromagnetic signals (Massicotte, M .; Yu, V .; Whiteway, E .; Vatnik , D .; Hilke, M. 2013 | Zhang, X .; Zhou, Q .; Yuan, M .; Liao, B .; Wu, X .; Ying, M. 2020), and with it the emission distance, especially in environments such as the human body (Chopra, N .; Phipott, M ​​.; Alomainy, A .; Abbasi, QH; Qaraqe, K .; Shubair, RM 2016). GQDs can acquire various morphologies, for example hexagonal, triangular, circular or irregular polygon (Tian, ​​P .; Tang, L .; Teng, K.S .; Lau, S.P. 2018).

The superconducting and transducing capacity make graphene one of the most suitable materials to create wireless nanocommunication networks for the administration of nanotechnology in the human body. This approach has been intensively worked by the scientific community, after having found and analyzed the available protocols and specifications, but also the routing systems for the data packets that nano-devices and nano-nodes would generate within the body, in a system complex called CORONA, whose objective is the effective transmission of signals and data on the network, optimizing energy consumption (to the minimum possible), and also reducing failures in the transmission of data packets (Bouchedjera, IA ; Aliouat, Z .; Louail, L. 2020 | Bouchedjera, IA; Louail, L .; Aliouat, Z .; Harous, S. 2020 | Tsioliaridou, A .; Liaskos, C .; Ioannidis, S .; Pitsillides, A . 2015). In this nanocommunications network, a type of signal TS-OOK (Time-Spread On-Off Keying) is used that allows transmitting binary codes of 0 and 1, through short pulses that involve the activation and deactivation of the signal during time intervals very small of a few femtoseconds (Zhang, R .; Yang, K .; Abbasi, QH; Qaraqe, KA; Alomainy, A. 2017 | Vavouris, AK; Dervisi, FD; Papanikolaou, VK; Karagiannidis, GK 2018). Due to the complexity of nanocommunications in the human body, where the nano-nodes of the network are distributed throughout the body, in many cases in motion, due to blood flow, and in others attached to the endothelium to the arterial walls and capillaries or in the tissues of other organs, researchers have required the development of software for the simulation of such conditions, in order to verify and validate the nanocommunication protocols that were being developed (Dhoutaut, D .; Arrabal, T .; Dedu, E. 2018).

On the other hand, the nanocommunications network oriented to the human body (Balghusoon, A.O .; Mahfoudh, S. 2020), has been carefully designed in its topological aspects, conceiving specialized components in the performance of this task. For example, electromagnetic nanocommunication is made up in its most basic layer by nano-nodes that are devices (presumably made of graphene, carbon nanotubes, GQD, among other objects and materials) that have the ability to interact as nanosensors, piezo-electric actuators , and in any case as nano-antennas that propagate the signals to the rest of the nano-nodes. The nano-nodes, find in the nano-routers (also called nano-controllers) the next step in the topology. Its function is to receive the signals emitted by the nano-nodes, process them and send them to the nano-interfaces, which will emit them to the outside of the body with the necessary frequency and scope, since it must overcome the skin barrier without losing clarity in the signal, so that it can be received by a mobile device at a close enough distance (usually a few meters). That mobile device would actually be a smartphone or any other device with an Internet connection, which allows it to act as a “Gateway”. The topology also defines the possibility that the entire nano-node, nanorouter and nano-interface infrastructure is unified in a single nano-device, called pole or metamaterial defined by SDM software (Lee, SJ; Jung, C. ; Choi, K .; Kim, S. 2015). This model simplifies the topology, but increases the size of the device and the complexity of its construction, conceived in several layers of graphene. In any case, regardless of the topology, nanorouters are necessary to route and decode the signals correctly, for their sending, but also for their reception, since they can be designed for a bidirectional service, which de facto implies the ability to receive signals. of commands, orders, operations that interact with the objects of the network.

To electromagnetic nanocommunication, we must add molecular nanocommunication, addressed in the entry on carbon nanotubes and new evidence in vaccine samples. In both publications, the implications of these objects in the field of neuroscience, neuromodulation and neurostimulation are analyzed, since if they are located in the neuronal tissue (something very likely, given the ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier), they can establish connections that bridge the neuronal synapse. This means that they link neurons with different shortcuts, shorter than natural axons (Fabbro, A .; Cellot, G .; Prato, M .; Ballerini, L. 2011). Although this can be used in experimental treatments to mitigate the effects of neurodegenerative diseases, it can also be used to directly interfere with neurons, the secretion of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, the involuntary activation of certain areas of the brain, their neurostimulation or modulation, through electrical impulses, generated from carbon nanotubes (Suzuki, J .; Budiman, H .; Carr, TA; DeBlois, JH 2013 | Balasubramaniam, S .; Boyle, NT; Della-Chiesa, A .; Walsh, F .; Mardinoglu, A .; Botvich, D .; Prina-Mello, A. 2011), as a result of the reception of electromagnetic signals and pulses from the nanocommunications network (Akyildiz, IF; Jornet, JM 2010). It is not necessary to warn about what it means that an external signal, not controlled by the inoculated person, is the one that governs the segregation of neurotransmitters. Take an example to raise awareness; carbon nanotubes housed in neuronal tissue could interfere with the natural functioning of the secretion of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, which is partly responsible for cognitive processes, socialization, the reward system, desire, pleasure, conditioned learning or inhibition (Beyene, AG; Delevich, K .; Del Bonis-O’Donnell, JT; Piekarski, DJ; Lin, WC; Thomas, AW; Landry, MP 2019 | Sun, F .; Zhou, J .; Dai, B .; Qian, T .; Zeng, J .; Li, X .; Li, Y. 2020 | Sun, F .; Zeng, J .; Jing, M .; Zhou, J .; Feng, J .; Owen, SF; Li, Y. 2018 | Patriarchi, T .; Mohebi, A .; Sun, J .; Marley, A .; Liang, R .; Dong, C .; Tian, ​​L. 2020 | Patriarchi, T .; Cho , JR; Merten, K .; Howe, MW; Marley, A .; Xiong, WH; Tian, ​​L. 2018). This means that it could be inferred in the normal behavior patterns of people, their feelings and thoughts, and even force subliminal conditioned learning, without the individual being aware of what is happening. In addition to the properties already mentioned, carbon nanotubes not only open the doors to the wireless interaction of the human brain, they can also receive electrical signals from neurons and propagate them to nanorouters, since they also have the same properties as GQD graphene nano-antennas and quantum dots, as explained in (Demoustier, S .; Minoux, E .; Le Baillif, M .; Charles, M .; Ziaei, A. 2008 | Wang, Y .; Wu, Q .; Shi, W .; He, X .; Sun, X .; Gui, T. 2008 | Da-Costa, MR; Kibis, OV; Portnoi, ME 2009). This means that they can transmit and monitor the neuronal activity of individuals.

For the data packets emitted and received from the nanocommunications network to reach their destination, it is essential that the communication protocol implements in some way the unique identification of the nanodevices (that is, through MAC) and transmits the information to an IP address. default. In this sense, the human body becomes an IoNT server (from the Internet of NanoThings) in which the communication client / server model can be assimilated. The mechanisms, commands or types of request remain to be determined, as well as the exact frequency and type of signal that operates the wireless nanocommunications network that would be installed with each vaccine, although obviously this information must be very confidential, given the possible consequences of biohacking. (Vassiliou, V. 2011) that could happen. In fact, in the work of (Al-Turjman, F. 2020) the problems and circumstances of the security of nanocommunication networks connected to 5G (confidentiality, authentication, privacy, trust, intrusions, repudiation) are linked and additionally, it presents a summary of the operation of electromagnetic communication between nano-nodes, nano-sensors and nano-routers, using graphene antennas and transceivers for their link with data servers, in order to develop Big-data projects. It should be noted that the risks of network hacking are very similar to those that can be perpetrated in any network connected to the Internet (masquerade attack, location tracking, information traps, denial of service, nano-device hijacking, wormhole, MITM broker attack, malware, spam, sybil, spoofing, neurostimulation illusion attack), which means a potential and additional, very serious risk for people inoculated with the hardware of a nanocommunication network.

In this context, it is in which the discovery of the circuits of a nanorouter in the samples of the Pfizer vaccine is found, which is a key piece in all the research that has been carried out and that would confirm the installation of a hardware in the body of inoculated people, without their informed consent, which executes collection and interaction processes that are completely beyond its control.

Nanorouters QCA

The discovered circuit, see figure 3, corresponds to the field of quantum dot cellular automata, also known as QCA (Quantum Cellular Automata), characterized by its nanometric scale and a very low energy consumption, as an alternative for the replacement of technology based on transistors. This is how it is defined by the work of (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013) from which the scheme of said circuit was obtained. The nanorouter referred to by the researchers is characterized by an ultra-low consumption factor, high processing speed (its frequency clock operates in a range of 1-2 THz), which is consistent with the power conditions and data transfer requirements. , in the context of nanocommunication networks for the human body described by (Pierobon, M .; Jornet, JM; Akkari, N .; Almasri, S .; Akyildiz, IF 2014).

na3a.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na3a-300x153.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="306" />Fig. 3. Graphene quantum dot circuit in QCA cells. Circuit diagram of (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013) observed in a sample of the Pfizer vaccine.

According to the explanations of the work of (Sardinha, LH; Costa, AM; Neto, OPV; Vieira, LF; Vieira, MA 2013), the concept of quantum dot and quantum dot cell is distinguished, see figure 4. The QCA cell It is made up of four quantum dots whose polarization is variable. This makes it possible to distinguish the binary code of 0 and 1 based on the positive or negative charge of the quantum dots. In the words of the authors it is explained as follows “The basic units of QCA circuits are cells made of quantum dots. A point, in this context, is just a region where an electrical charge can be located or not. A cell QCA has four quantum dots located in the corners. Each cell has two free and moving electrons that can tunnel between the quantum dots. It is assumed that tunneling to the outside of the cell is not allowed due to a high barrier potential”. Extrapolated to graphene quantum dots, known as GQDs, which were identified in blood samples (due to emitted fluorescence), a QCA cell would require four GQDs to compose, which is perfectly consistent with the description given by the researchers. This is also corroborated by (Wang, Z.F .; Liu, F. 2011) in his work entitled “Graphene quantum dots as building blocks for quantum cellular automata”, where the use of graphene to create this type of circuit is confirmed.

na4.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na4-300x177.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="353" />Fig. 4. Scheme of a QCA cell made up of four quantum dots (which can be graphene, among other materials). Note the great resemblance to memristors, in fact QCAs and memristors are transistors. (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013 | Strukov, D.B .; Snider, G.S .; Stewart, D.R .; Williams, R.S. 2009)

When the QCA cells are combined, cables and circuits are created, with a wide variety of shapes, schemes and applications, as can be seen in figure 5, where inverters, crossovers and logic gates are observed, also addressed by other authors such as ( Xia, Y .; Qiu, K. 2008). This gives rise to more complex structures, which allow to reproduce the electronic diagrams of the transistors, processors, transceivers, multiplexers, demultiplexers and consequently of any router.

na5.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na5-300x290.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="579" />Fig. 5. QCAs can form various types of circuits, for example logic gates, cable crossovers, inverters or cables. (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013)

It is important to explain that QCA cell-based circuits can operate in several superimposed layers, which allows a 3D (three-dimensional) structure to create much more complex and compressed electronics, see figure 6.

na6.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na6-300x248.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="495" />Fig. 6. According to (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013) more complex circuits can be built by annexing several superimposed layers. This is identified by the symbol of a circle in the design. There are also three artistic illustrations that represent various levels of circuits (own elaboration).

To develop a nanorouter, according to the researchers (Sardinha, LH; Costa, AM; Neto, OPV; Vieira, LF; Vieira, MA 2013), several circuit structures are needed, specifically, cable crossings (which form logic gates ), demultiplexers (demux) and parallel to serial converters, see figure X. “Demux” are electronic devices capable of receiving a signal at the input QCA (input) and sending it to one of several available output lines. (output), which allows the signal to be routed for further processing. The parallel-to-series converter is a circuit capable of taking several sets of data in an input (input), transporting them through different QCA cables and transmitting them at different instants of time through the output cables (output). This would be very, the component noticed in the vaccine samples, see figure 7.

na7.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na7-300x276.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="552" />Fig. 7. Details of the circuit for converting TS-OOK signals in series to a parallel output, confirming one of the typical tasks of a router. (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013)

Another relevant aspect of the work of (Sardinha, LH; Costa, AM; Neto, OPV; Vieira, LF; Vieira, MA 2013) is the demonstration of the operation of the circuit, where the reception of a TS-OOK signal and its conversion to binary code, see figure 8. Once the binary code is obtained, the “demux” circuit is responsible for generating the data packets, according to the structure of the corresponding communications protocol.

na8.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na8-300x154.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="307" />Fig. 8. The tests of the demux circuit, already observed in figure 7, provide the proof of how the TS-OOK signals are interpreted and converted to the binary code, to finally generate the data packets of the corresponding nanocommunications protocol. (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013)

Everything explained by (Sardinha, LH; Costa, AM; Neto, OPV; Vieira, LF; Vieira, MA 2013) is also corroborated by (Das, B .; Das, JC; De, D .; Paul, AK 2017) In whose research, QCA circuit designs for demux and nanorouters are observed, with very similar schemes, to those already presented, which confirms the search for solutions for the problem of the transmission and simple processing of signals and data at the nanometric scale, at in order to make nanocommunication networks effective.

Finally, although it can already be deduced from the nature, characteristics and properties of QCA cell circuits, the concept of clock speed must be highlighted. In fact, interesting is the ability of these electronic components to operate almost autonomously, without the need for a dedicated processor. This is because the QCA cell cables can measure the transfer time of the signals between the different cells, in what is called “clock zones”, see figure 9 and the following investigations (Sadeghi, M .; Navi, K .; Dolatshahi, M. 2020 | Laajimi, R .; Niu, M. 2018 | Reis, DA; Torres, FS 2016 | Mohammadyan, S .; Angizi, S .; Navi, K. (2015). This effect allows the transmission of signals through the circuit, but it also allows creating a clock frequency, which is its own process speed. If this concept is joined, the use of superconducting materials such as graphene and more specifically graphene quantum dots Then very high processing speeds can be achieved.

na9.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na9-215x300.jpg 215w" alt="" width="600" height="837" />Fig. 9. The nanorouter does not require an independent processor, because the QCA cells organized in the circuit cables already perform this function due to the superconducting and polarization properties of the quantum dots, which allows to infer a clock speed by phases or zones. circuit physics. (Sardinha, L.H .; Costa, A.M .; Neto, O.P.V .; Vieira, L.F .; Vieira, M.A. 2013 | Sadeghi, M .; Navi, K .; Dolatshahi, M. 2020)
Circuit self-assembly

Although it seems impossible, the self-assembly of circuits is a possibility to consider in the hypothesis that has been explained. According to (Huang, J .; Momenzadeh, M .; Lombardi, F. 2007) “Recent developments in QCA manufacturing (involving molecular implementations) have substantially changed the nature of processing. At very small feature sizes, it is anticipated self-assembly or large-scale cell deposition on isolated substrates will be used. In these implementations, QCA cells (each composed of two dipoles) are deposited in parallel V-shaped tracks. QCA cells are arranged in a dense pattern and the computation occurs between adjacent cells. These fabrication techniques are well suited for molecular implementation. ” However, there are also other methods, such as DNA nanopatterns (Hu, W .; Sarveswaran, K .; Lieberman, M .; Bernstein, GH 2005), with which a template is created for the alignment of the quantum dots of graphene, forming the QCA cells, thereby generating the aforementioned circuitry, see figure 10.

na10.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na10-247x300.jpg 247w" alt="" width="600" height="730" />Fig. 10. Self-assembly of a circuit with quantum dots from a DNA pattern. The lines of the circuit cables are very similar to those observed in the vaccine sample, see figure 2 and 3. (Hu, W .; Sarveswaran, K .; Lieberman, M .; Bernstein, G.H. 2005)

According to (Hu, W .; Sarveswaran, K .; Lieberman, M .; Bernstein, GH 2005) “Four-tile DNA rafts have been successfully synthesized and characterized by the gel electrophoresis method in our previous work” according to the work of (Sarveswaran, K. 2004). This fits with the very possible existence of a gel / hydrogel in the vaccine composition, after the doctor’s micro-Raman analysis (Campra, P. 2021) in which peaks with values ​​close to 1450 were obtained, which could correspond to PVA, PQT-12, polyolefin, polyacrylamide or polypyrrole, all of them components recognized in the scientific literature as gels and derivatives. On the other hand, it explicitly alludes to the electrophoresis method, or what is the same, the electrical polarization process that causes teslaphoresis, on carbon nanotubes, graphene, quantum dots and other semiconductors, as described (Bornhoeft, LR; Castillo, AC; Smalley, PR; Kittrell, C .; James, DK; Brinson, BE; Cherukuri, P. 2016) in his research. This would confirm that teslaphoresis plays a fundamental role in the composition of circuits, along with DNA patterns. If this is confirmed, it would mean that the circuits could self-assemble in the presence of electric fields or even the reception of electromagnetic waves (microwave EM). The study by (Pillers, M .; Goss, V .; Lieberman, M. 2014) also confirms the construction of nanostructures and CQA using in this case graphene, graphene oxide (GO), electrophoresis and gel, causing controlled deposition in the areas indicated by the DNA pattern, reproducing results similar to those presented in the study by Hu and Sarveswaran, thus making it possible to create the electronic circuits already mentioned, see figure 11.

na11.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na11-300x220.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="439" />Fig. 11. Advances in the field of self-assembly of quantum dots and QCA cells can be observed in the scientific literature using the DNA template method to mark the order of construction and electrophoresis to initiate or trigger the process in the materials of the solution. (Pillers, M .; Goss, V .; Lieberman, M. 2014)
Plasmonic nano-emitters

Another issue that requires an explanation in the discovery of the circuit of a nanorouter, in the vaccine sample, is its location in what appears to be a quadrangular crystal. Although it could be thought that it is a randomly generated form, the bibliographic review reveals and justifies this type of form that serves as a framework for this type of circuit. In reality it is a “plasmonic nano-emitter”, in other words, it would correspond to a cubic-shaped nano-antenna (single crystal) of variable size on the nano-micrometric scale, which can emit, receive or repeat signals. This is possible through the plasmon activation property of its surface (that of the nanoemitter cube) that is locally excited to generate an oscillatory signal, as explained (Ge, D .; Marguet, S .; Issa, A .; Jradi, S .; Nguyen, TH; Nahra, M .; Bachelot, R. 2020), see figure 12. This agrees with the type of TS-OOK signals, which are transmitted through the intra-body nanocommunication network, being a requirement indispensable for a nano-router, to have a method to capture them. In other words, the crystalline cube acts as a transceiver for the nanorouter, due to its special properties, derived from the physics of the plasmon. This is corroborated when the scientific literature on electromagnetic nano-networks for the human body is consulted (Balghusoon, AO; Mahfoudh, S. 2020), the MAC protocols applied to the case (Jornet, JM; Pujol, JC; Pareta, JS 2012 ), the methods for the debugging of errors in the signals (Jornet, JM; Pierobon, M .; Akyildiz, IF 2008), or the modulation of pulses in femtoseconds in the terahertz band for nano-communication networks (Jornet, JM; Akyildiz, IF 2014), the parameterization of nano-networks for their perpetual operation (Yao, XW; Wang, WL; Yang, SH 2015), the performance in the modulation of wireless signals for nano-networks (Zarepour, E .; Hassan, M .; Chou, CT; Bayat, S. 2015). In all cases, nano-transceivers are essential to be able to receive or emit a TS-OOK signal.

na12.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na12-300x202.jpg 300w" alt="" width="600" height="404" />Fig. 12. Nano-micrometric scale crystals can play the role of an antenna or a transceiver, which makes it possible to imagine that finding the circuit in a quadrangular structure is not the product of chance. (Ge, D .; Marguet, S .; Issa, A .; Jradi, S .; Nguyen, T.H .; Nahra, M .; Bachelot, R. 2020)

Plasmonic nanoemitters can acquire a cube shape, which would be the case observed in the vaccine sample, but also spherical and discoidal shape, being able to be self-assembled, to form larger nano-microstructures (Devaraj, V .; Lee, JM; Kim , YJ; Jeong, H .; Oh, JW 2021). Among the materials with which this plasmonic nano-emitter could be produced are gold, silver, perovskites and graphene, see (Oh, DK; Jeong, H .; Kim, J .; Kim, Y .; Kim, I .; Ok, JG; Rho, J. 2021 | Hamedi, HR; Paspalakis, E .; Yannopapas, V. 2021 | Gritsienko, AV; Kurochkin, NS; Lega, PV; Orlov, AP; Ilin, AS; Eliseev, SP; Vitukhnovsky , AG 2021 | Pierini, S. 2021), although it is likely that many others can be used.

CAM and TCAM memory for MAC and IP

If the presence of nanorouters in vaccines is considered, the hypothesis of the existence of one or more MAC addresses (fixed or dynamic) could be confirmed, which could be emitted from vaccinated people or through some other intermediary device (for example a mobile phone ). This approach is in line with what has already been explained and evidenced in this publication, but also according to scientific publications on nano-communication networks for the human body. According to (Abadal, S .; Liaskos, C .; Tsioliaridou, A .; Ioannidis, S .; Pitsillides, A .; Solé-Pareta, J .; Cabellos-Aparicio, A. 2017) these MAC addresses allow the nano- network can transmit and receive data, because the individual has a unique identifier that allows him to access the medium, this is the Internet. In this way, the nano-router can receive the signals corresponding to the data from the nano-sensors and nano-nodes of the nano-network to transmit them to the outside of the body, as long as there is a mobile device in the vicinity, which serves gateway to the Internet. Therefore, the hypothesis that MAC addresses of vaccinated people can be observed (through bluetooth signal tracking applications), when there is some type of interaction with the mobile media that act as a link. This does not mean that there is permanent communication, due to the need to save and optimize energy consumption (Mohrehkesh, S .; Weigle, MC 2014 | Mohrehkesh, S .; Weigle, MC; Das, SK 2015), which could explain intermittence in communications, periods of connection and inactivity.

The novelty in the field of MAC addresses, which comes together with the QCA circuits, with which nanorouters can be developed, is that memory circuits can also be created. The same researchers (Sardinha, LH; Silva, DS; Vieira, MA; Vieira, LF; Neto, OPV 2015) developed a new type of CAM memory that “unlike random access memory (RAM), which returns data which are stored at the given address. CAM, however, receives the data as input and returns where the data can be found. CAM is useful for many applications that need fast searches, such as Hought transforms, Huffman encoding, Lempel-compression. Ziv and network switches to map MAC addresses to IP addresses and vice versa. CAM is most useful for creating tables that look for exact matches, such as MAC address tables. ” This statement was extracted and copied verbatim to highlight that QCA circuits are the answer to the storage and management of MAC addresses for data transmission in nano-networks, which would confirm that vaccines are, among other things, a means of installing hardware for the control, modulation and monitoring of people.

na13.jpghttps://truthcomestolight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/na13-296x300.jpg 296w" alt="" width="600" height="608" />Fig. 13. Memory circuits for the storage of MAC and IP addresses made with the same QCA technology of the nanorouter observed in the Pfizer vaccine samples. (Sardinha, L.H .; Silva, D.S .; Vieira, M.A .; Vieira, L.F .; Neto, O.P.V. 2015)

Additionally, (Sardinha, LH; Silva, DS; Vieira, MA; Vieira, LF; Neto, OPV 2015) also developed the TCAM memory, which is a special type of CAM memory that would be useful to “create tables to search for longer matches such as IP routing tables organized by IP prefixes. To reduce latency and make communication faster, routers use TCAM. ” This statement clearly affects its use in nano-routers in order to be able to transmit the data obtained in the nano-network to a specific recipient server accessible on the Internet. In other words, the data collected by the nano-network should be stored / registered in a database, of which the recipient of the vaccine would not have knowledge of its existence, of which it was not informed, and in the It is unknown what information is used.

 

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  9. Campra, P. (2021a). Observaciones de posible microbiótica en vacunas COVID RNAm Version 1. [Observations of possible microbiotics in COVID mRNA vaccineshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13875.55840
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  11. Campra, P. (2021c). MICROSTRUCTURES IN COVID VACCINES: ¿inorganic crystals or Wireless Nanosensors Network?https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356507702_MICROSTRUCTURES_IN_COVID_VACCINES_inorganic_crystals_or_Wireless_Nanosensors_Network
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Read more…
YOUR BRAIN IS NOW CONNECTED TO A CENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEM BY WIRELESS OR WIFI MEANS AND YOU ARE NOW UNDER PARTIAL EXTERNAL WIRELESS CONTROL. WHO IS DOING THIS TO YOU AND THE SOLUTION.
Vaccines have been found to contain carbon nano tubes, graphene quantum dots which are also known as GQDs,
hydrogel swimmers, fractal graphene nano antennas, nano routers and nano interface also known as CODEC.
Nano-network topology is as follows:-
1 Nano-nodes (GQDs, Hydrogel swimmers, Nanotubes, Fibres)
2 Nano-sensors (Nanotube Cricuits, graphene nanosheets)
3 Nano-controllers (QCA nanorouter circuits)
4 Nano-interface (QCA nanoCODEC circuits)
5 => Communication with the outside =>
Your brain and body are now connected either by wifi or wireless means to a centralized control system. Computers continually analyse complex patterns of activity in your brain and translate them into the emotions you feel and the thoughts you think. Computers use precision brain stimulation and precision control of specific neural circuits in your brain to control how you think and what you believe to an extreme degree. Some individuals are no longer able to remember specific events or to think certain thoughts. They are preprogrammed to refuse to allow others to talk about certain topics within their hearing. You can also be physically controlled by external wireless means from an unknown remote location to the extent that you can be partially paralyzed or you can have your muscles forceably moved against your will. The demonic possession hoax was created in order to cover up this technological capability.
Who is behind your external control. The Rothschild banking family own and control all of the central banks in the world except three which are Iran, North Korea and Cuba. They even own the central bank of central banks which is the bank of International Settlements in Switzerland. They are major shareholders in all of the mega corporations of the world such as Van Guard, Blackrock, Birkshire Hathaway and others. They own most of the resources of the world. They have controlled the British monarchy and the Vatican ever since the Napoleonic wars two hundred years ago. Yet, they themselves could be being externally wirelessly controlled by unknown others. If that is the case we may never know. The police and military are all wirelessly connected to the internet of things to the extent that their thoughts are all being externally wirelessly controlled and they are unquestioningly and subserviently obedient to those who control the internet of things who might or might not be the Rothschild banking family.
Luckily, there is an easy solution to break free from having your brain and body externally wirelessly controlled as follows:
Take any one of the following medicines and you will destroy all of the nano technology inside your body and brain over time as follows :- Ivermectin, Chlorine dioxide, Black Oxygen or D.M.S.O. which is short from Dimethyl Sulfoxide. There are also many other medicines other than the above four which will oxidize all heavy metals in your body and brain and will kill all paracites which are growing inside your body. Some people recommend Borax as a possible solution. It will take several months and even longer to destroy all of the technology which has been injected into you. You must be patient. For information on intra-body nano networks check out a website called orwell.city
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THE SO-CALLED  COVID-19 VACCINE  IS NOT A VACCINE. IT IS AN INTRA-BODY NANO-NETWORK SO THAT YOU CAN BE EXTERNALLY PHYSICALLY CONTROLLED AND ENSLAVED.
Please check the following video where I obtained the following information:-
https://www.bitchute.com/video/VfLhetRht76h/
Components are being introduced into the human body with each innoculation. Together they act as a network for monitoring and interfering with the human body and brain. Nano routers will harvest information from the human body such as your vital signs, your blood pressure, your heart activity, your attention, your blood glucose levels, and many more. Signals will also be sent into the human body and with these signals changes in biology will occur as well as changes in behaviour.
Components of the intra-body nano-network that have been identified are as follows:-
carbon nano tubes, graphene quantum dot, hydrogel swimmers, graphene fractals, nano antennas, nano routers, CODEC or nano interface.

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Solution to being bound by Admiralty Law.

SOLUTION TO BEING BOUND BY ADMIRALTY LAW. - Excellent information.
You will find an excellent explanation of the three systems of law that operate in this world at the following bitchute.com link https://www.bitchute.com/video/SZcByjj23qFy/
If you haven't time to listen to it I have synopsized it here below as follows:-
1. Common Law - The law that governs men in relation to each other on land.
2.. Maratime Law - Maratime law governs ships at sea and how they interact with each other.
3. Admiralty Law - Admiralty law governs the interaction between a skipper and the crew members on ships Admiralty law also governs corporate citizens because corporations are deemed to be ships under law and their citizens are deemed to be the crew on ships.
All commerce and all corporations operate under shippig law. A corporation is considered to be a ship for the purposes of legal transactions. If you wish to be on the sea you must be incorporated with a vessel. A corporation is considered a ship under Admiralty law. The captain of that corporate ship is a magistrate in a court room.
When you become a citizen of a corporation you become subject to the same laws as a crew member on a ship which are Admiralty laws. In the distant past before the 1920's national governments were corporations and those national governments had their own lands. However, in the 1920's a new type of corporation was legally created by individuals who are unknown to most. These new types of corporations were not derived from nations and they had no land of their own . However, they are still bound by this thing called Admiralty Law. Because they were not derived from nations and because they had no land they were pirate corporations. They were international corporations and an example of one such pirate corporation is the United Nations. These international corporations are communes and communism is their ruling system. These international corporations operate under military dictatorship. Hitler, Stalin and Polpot etc were the magistrates of private international corporations. They were brutal dictators who ruled through fear.
When you become a citizen of an international corporation you are no longer considered a human being because a citizen of an international corporation is considered a creature or an animal with no human rights.
The commonwealth of Australia is considered an international corporation where the citizens have no human rights. The commonwealth of Australia is registered to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission which is a company of the United Nations. The United Nations is an international corporation which has no land so its citizens are considered creatures or animals with no human rights. The United Nations is a pirate international corporation and it depends on all of the corporations that have joined it to accept the equitable title of those lands, but it doesn't have any land itself. Therefore the United Nations is a total and absolute fiction.
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF BEING TREATED UNDER ADMIRALTY LAW AS A CREATURE AND THEREFORE AN ANIMAL WITH NO HUMAN RIGHTS WHATSOEVER.
If you have become a citizen of an international corporation with no human rights you must surrender your citizenship or your crewmanship. If you can support yourself without help from governments and if you then successfully surrender your citizenship you will go from being a crew member on the ship to being a passenger on the ship. The crew member has no human right but the passenger has enormous legal power. As a passenger on a ship you hold directive power. You direct the captain of the ship.
When you are born you are given two certificates.
1. Your state birth certificate.
2. Your certificate of birth. Your certificate of birth is the original setting up of the trustee ship which puts you as a benefactor of that trustee ship. As a passenger or benefactor of that trustee ship the captain of the ship is your trustee, and the crew are the trustees of the captain.
When giving your date of birth, you are not giving your own date of birth but instead you are giving the date of birth of your surname.
If you can stand alone without having to accept a benefit from an international corporation you have a greater chance of stepping back from being a crew member on a ship to being a passenger on a ship. A corporation is a business and its only motive is profit. Its only motive is to stay afloat. It is not interested in the safety of the crew. it may want to cull its crew. It has no mercy. If you interfere with the profit margins of the corporate ship which you are a crew member of you will pay the price for doing so. You may be culled.
There are now giant corporation on earth that own most of the resources of the earth between them. Among them are Blackrock, Vanguard, Birkshire Hathaway, State Street, among others. These giant corporations are called the Nephilim.

 

 

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The covid-19 vaccine gives total control of your physical body to agents of the new world order. Most but not all members of the New World Order are Luciferians, Satanists and Ultra Zionists. The vaccine contains an intra body nano network so that your brain and body will be linked to a computerized control system and by that means every aspect of your brain and body can be monitored and eventually controlled. It is outright enslavement.  I know about it because I am already partially enslaved by this system.  We aught to have all transmitters and receivers throughout the world disassembled and banned now in order to save ourselves from enslavement.  The problem with that excellent idea is that many of those who are in positions of authority in governments  and main stream media  are having waves of very very low frequencies transmitted into their brains which make them unable to think clearly and the thought which they think are their own are in fact externally transmitted thoughts.  Thoughts will be transmitted into their brains to make them refuse to have microwave tranmsitters disassembled and banned.  Those who are most vulnerable to mass mind control are those who watch television, visit the cinema, attend large gatherings such as music festivals, football stadiums and church and also those who spend their entire day bathed in artificial electromagnetic frequencies which come from smart phones are smart watche which they keep on their persons throughout each day.  Please check out the following online link for more information on intra body nano networks.  Please share this post widely. 
https://www.bitchute.com/video/d44cpWuFPcQa/

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The divine right (rite) to rule is a false belief which has been programmed into cult member of a certain group. It has no basis in reality. Human beings are believed to have lived on planet earth for at least four thousand, five hundred million years according to some archaeologists whose work is being censored at this time. During that time, many individuals who wished to control other falsely claimed that they had a stronger connection with the intelligent energy of creation than all others and therefore should be allowed to control them. It is a method of manipulating others into handing over their autonomy to some ego maniac. The ego maniac who wishes to control others is often motivated to do so because he has a sense of low self worth and he needs to be in a position of power over others in order to boost his ego.
A truely strong man is emotionally autonomous. He does not need to control others to live his life. If fact he does not need the good opinion of others at all in order to live his life successfully.
 Furthermore, those who wish to set up false heirarchies for the purposes of controlling their fellow men and women always condense down time scales  into managable amounts of time so that they can create a false story to justify their system of control.   The Vatican and christianity censored archaeology and created a false time scale for the world in order to help them create their own false story.    They falsely claim that people have only lived for six thousand years when in fact men and women have lived on earth for at least four thousand five hundred million years and some believe that the world has always been here and men and women have always lived on it.   However, the inculcators could not allow others to ever  believe such truth because by doing so they would fail to inculcate anyone into their false belief system.   
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The divine right (rite) to rule is a false belief which has been programmed into cult member of a certain group. It has no basis in reality. Human beings are believed to have lived on planet earth for at least four thousand, five hundred million years according to some archaeologists whose work is being censored at this time. During that time, many individuals who wished to control other falsely claimed that they had a stronger connection with the intelligent energy of creation than all others and therefore should be allowed to control them. It is a method of manipulating others into handing over their autonomy to some ego maniac. The ego maniac who wishes to control others is often motivated to do so because he has a sense of low self worth and he needs to be in a position of power over others in order to boost his ego.
A truely strong man is emotionally autonomous. He does not need to control others to live his life. If fact he does not need the good opinion of others at all in order to live his life successfully
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The public have lost all confidence in the judiciary because their beliefs, emotions and behaviour are being remotely modulated by means of bioelectric resonance frequencies and they have done absolutely nothing to protect their brains from those frequencies. They have become stupified by frequencies and they seem not even aware of it. The United States Supreme court have made it legal for a corporation to own a living man or woman provided a patented technology has been injected into that living man or woman. What is to be done about this state of affairs?
LOW FREQUENCY WAVES MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO TRANSMIT SUGGESTIONS AND COMMANDS DIRECTLY INTO SOMEONE'S THOUGHT PROCESSES.
The UK based newspaper, Daily Mail, wrote that research in electro-magnetic weapons had been secretly carried out in the United States and Russia since the 1950s and that low-frequency waves or beams can affect brain cells, alter psychological states and make it possible to transmit suggestions and commands directly into someone’s thought processes. High doses of microwaves can damage the functioning of internal organs, control behavior or even drive victims to suicide." That article was written in 2013 – Let’s fast forward to an article that was published on October 8th, 2021 entitled “Behind NATO’s cognitive warfare; Battle for Your Brain waged by Western Militaries” by Ben Norton.
“Western governments in the NATO military alliance are developing tactics of “cognitive warfare”, using the supposed threats of China and Russia to justify waging a battle for your brain in the human domain to make everyone a weapon.
According to Darpa whistleblower, Dr Paul Batcho, and a document that leaked from the Washington State Fusion Center in 2018, cell towers are being used for mass electromagnetic mind control. This means that cell towers across America are weaponized with bioelectric resonance frequencies that can hijack the brain's thought center, somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, and motor cortex. By tapping into the brain's thought center, cell towers can remotely control a person's thoughts, memory, emotions and behavior

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I HAVE BEEN ILLEGALLY PLACED ON A TERRORIST WATCH LIST.
Dissidents who oppose the worldwide fascist regieme are put on a world Terrorist Watch List where they lose all of their human rights and from that time forward they are wirelessly experimented on and tortured from an unknown remote location by unknown assailants. Those on the Terrorist Watch List who are being subjected to non-consensual human experimentation are known as Targeted Individuals. I am a targeted individual and I have been subjected to non-consensual human experimentation for nearly nineteen years without a break. I am not being believed by those who are tasked with protecting my human rights in Ireland and further afield. My name is Gretta Fahey aka Margaret Fahey. My address is Newbrook, Claremorris, Co. Mayo, Eircode F12 Y560, Republic of Ireland.

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The public have lost all confidence in the judiciary because their beliefs, emotions and behaviour are being remotely modulated by means of bioelectric resonance frequencies and they have done absolutely nothing to protect their brains from those frequencies.    They have become stupified by frequencies and they seem not even aware of it.   The United States Supreme court have made it legal for a corporation to own a living man or woman provided a patented technology has been injected into that living man or woman.  What is to be done about this state of affairs? 

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Property, vehicles, electronics, human and animal health are all be remotely destroyed with frequencies. Solution - ban all transmitters and receivers.
The judiciary, politicians, the police, the military and others have failed to protect their brains from electromagnetic frequencies so now their perception of reality is faulty to the extent that they are leading us into enslavement.
Solution - ban all transmitters and receivers unless you can think of an other solution.
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