ESPIONAGE CASES - UNITED STATES, WIRELESS PATENTS TECHNOLOGY, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY, FEDERAL HATE CRIMES

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ESPIONAGE CASES - UNITED STATESTable of Contentshttp://intellit.muskingum.edu/spycases_folder/spycasesustoc.htmlNeal H. Petersen, comp. and ed., "Counterintelligence and Internal Security," American Intelligence, 1775-1990: A Bibliographic Guide (Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 1992), pp. 152-211, has extensive (over 1,000) listings in the general area of spying in and against the United States. The listings below focus on (a) particularly useful sources in the area and/or (b) those published since the late 1980s.Broader counterintelligence and counterespionage activities are covered under the topic headings of "Counterintelligence" and "FBI."British espionage cases can be located from the "UK Spy Cases" Table of Contents.See also the entries under "Soviet Spies."The Washington Post has a collection of materials on spy cases and other espionage related matters at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/nation/nationalsecurity/spying/.General Materials:A - H I - OP - ZWeinstein and Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood (1998)Soviet A-Bomb SpiesVenona:Introduction to Venona The Venona MaterialsAlger Hiss and Whittaker ChambersElizabeth BentleyIndividual Espionage Cases:Mitchell and Martin (1960) Miller (1985)Pollard (1985) Howard (1985)Walker (1985) Chin (1985)Pelton (1986) Ames (1994)Nicholson (1996) Pitts (1996)Peter Lee (1997) Squillacote (1997)Groat (1998) Boone (1998)Wen Ho Lee (1999) Wispelaere (1999)Faget (2000) Trofimoff (2000)Hanssen (2001) Regan (2001)Montes (2001) Smith-Leung (2003)Guantanamo Bay (2003) Franklin (2004)Keyser (2004) Aragoncillo (2005)Chi Mak (2005) China Spies (2008)Myers (2009)Others (alphabetically, by name):A BC - F G - JK LM - R S - ZChinese Espionage (from 1998)Cuban Espionage in Florida (from 1998)Treason GenerallyReturn to FBI Table of ContentsReturn to Counterintelligence Table of ContentsReturn to Soviet SpiesReturn to Main Table of ContentsNews on Patents and Wireless TechnologyFeatured ArticlesWireless Living »From Inform | 2009-07-07 08:15:15http://www.wirelesslicenses.com/National Security Agencyhttp://history.sandiego.edu/gen/20th/nsa.html1. Origins 1914-19522. Vulnerability 1952-19583. Expansion 1958-19624. Maturity 1962-19675. Confrontation 1967-19756. Uncovered 1975-20017. Rebirth 2001-20038. Sources9. LinksOrigins1914 - World War I began the modern era of code-breaking and intelligence gathering. Major Ralph Van Deman, the "father of American intelligence," created the Military Intelligence Section in the Army General Staff, and a Cipher Bureau (MI-8) within this section.1918 - America's first transatlantic radio intercept station was built on Gillin Farm in Houlton, Maine, just before the end of WWI .1920 - Herbert Osborne Yardley created the Black Chamber and began to monitor international cables, despite the Radio Communication Act of 1912 that guaranteed secrecy. This cable monitoring would become Operation Shamrock in 1945, administered in secret by the Signal Intelligence Service, then by the Army Security Agency in Sept. 1945, by the Armed Forces Security Agency in 1949, and by the NSA in 1952. It would be the largest intercept program in US history until officially ended in 1975.1921 - Washington Conference was one of the greatest triumphs of Yardley's Black Chamber, decrypting Japanese cables indicating Japan was willing to accept the 5-5-3 ratio in capital ships.1922 - Navy developed its own code bureau, the Code and Signal Section of the Naval Communications Service, that on July 1 became OP-20-G (G section of the 20th Division of the Office of Chief of Naval Operations).1924 - Navy's Laurance Safford organized a radio intelligence division in the OP-20-G, called Room 2646.1926 - Black Chamber assisted in the detection and location of rum-runners and smugglers with Victor Weiskopf in the Justice Department.1929 - Black Chamber closed by Henry Stimson Oct. 31, stopped the reading of secret Japanese diplomatic cables, declared "Gentlemen do not read each other's mail.''1930 - William F. Friedman created the Signal Intelligence Service Apr. 24 within the Army's Signal Corps and improved sigint with the new mechanical cipher machines and with aerial photography.1936 - ONI uncovered the Japanese spy ring of Toshio Miyazaki in California, arrested Harry Thompson, a young ensign who had been recruited by Miyazaki to spy on the Navy.1939 - World War II was a victory for military intelligence agencies, the SIS cryptographers at Arlington Hall, the Navy's OP-20-G that broke the Japanese Purple code, the OSS of William Donovan, the Bell Labs digital SIGSALY system, the Dayton NCR Navy Bombes, the cooperation with the British Tizard Mission and Bletchley Park to break the Ultra cipher and develop radar.ASA field station antenna array at Helemano, Hawaii 19501945 - The SIS was reorganized in 1943 as the Signal Security Service, then as the Signal Security Agency, and on Sept. 15 became a new agency, the Army Security Agency (ASA) with the mandate to establish a worldwide network of listening stations. Vint Hill Farms Station in Warrenton VA had been a listening station during WWII for the Signal Intelligence Service, became an ASA station intercepting Russian radio transmissions.1946 - May 2 study "Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship" by the AAF research and engineering division of Douglas Aircraft in Santa Monica (that soon became RAND Corp.), proposed a spy satellite in space.1947 - National Security Act of July 26 created the National Military Establishment (DOD), the CIA, the NSC, an independent Air Force, and a cabinet-level Secretary of Defense. Cold War created insecurity and the need for new defense technologies, the rocket and guided missile, jet aircraft, A-bombs.1949 - May 20 the Secretary of Defense signed a secret order creating the Armed Forces Security Agency to oversee the military intelligence agencies (Army Security Agency, Naval Security Group, and Air Force Security Service) but interservice rivalry continued; growing national fear of communist subversion, Alger Hiss, Judith Coplon, first Russian A-bomb tested.1950 - National Security Council Intelligence Directive No. 9 of March 10 created the United States Communications Intelligence Board1950 - Korean War that started June 25 was an intelligence failure, led to reorganization that would create the NSA.1952 - President Harry Truman on Oct. 24 signed a secret 8-page memo that created the National Security Agency (NSA) under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense. Gen. Ralph Julian Canine was first director. The agency was located in Arlington Hall VA and the Naval Security Station in DC until moving to new HQ at Fort Meade MD in 1956. The NSA began as a secret agency that specialized in code-breaking and signal intelligence. From its predecessor, the Armed Forces Security Agency, the NSA inherited the Shamrock program of monitoring international cables that Herbert Osborne Yardley's Black Chamber had started in 1920.So you’ve got this new cable modem and a steady Internet connection from a decent, reasonably priced provider. You might have even gotten a television service from the same provider and like to enjoy some of the new episodes of Lost or 24 while you’re surfing the web. Your problem? Your television’s downstairs and your desktop is upstairs. You have a laptop, so what do you do? Buy a wireless router so you can surf while you watch. Unfortunately, like all things digital, electronic, or technological, it ...Continue reading... | 0 comments Be the first to rate this [?]PCI clarifies procedures to secure WiFi »From SC Magazine | 2009-07-17 16:02:08With a new guidance document, the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council aims to clarify what retailers must do to secure their WiFi networks.In the past, retailers may have read the Payment Card Industry's Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) and for certain sections wondered, "What does this mean and what do I have to do?" PCI is aiming to answer those questions with special guidance documents aimed at clarifying especially confusing parts of the standards. On Thursday, PCI published the first informational document that it hopes will clarify ...Continue reading... | 0 comments Be the first to rate this [?]What Hardware is Needed For a Network? »From isnare | 2009-07-17 07:04:49As you?re probably already aware there is more than one type of network that can be created; but if it is a network to a computer that you want to install and need to know what special hardware you need, read on.Firstly, if you want to get a wireless network hooked up you will need a wireless network card and a router. If you have internet access at the moment, the same cable that you currently use to feed the Internet through your computer will go into the ...Continue reading... | 0 comments Be the first to rate this [?]Nvidia wins round against Rambus in patent fight »From Reuters US Online Report Technology News | 2009-07-14 21:50:27SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Tuesday tentatively invalidated several Rambus Inc patents key to the microchip designer's disputes against graphics chip maker Nvidia Corp. The patent office "has now initially rejected all of the patent claims asserted by Rambus against Nvidia in the ITC," or U.S. International Trade Commission, Nvidia general counsel David Shannon said in a statement. Rambus replied that the game is hardly over. "The recent action by the (patent office) to re-examine Rambus patents is part of the process ...Continue reading... | 0 comments Be the first to rate this [?]1 2 3 4 5 Related ArticlesGoogle to Face Personalized Search Suit »IT Business Edge 7/17/2009 11:59:50 AMAccording to InformationWeek, Personalized User Model is suing Google for willful patent infringement.. . . PUM alleges that Google infringes on...IUPUI Reaches Stem Cell Technology Licensing Deal »Inside Indiana Business 7/17/2009 11:14:46 AMIndiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) has licensed stem cell technology to a Wisconsin firm. 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Actually, a group of inventors in the United States, including Microsoft...IBM sued over DRAM patents »TG Daily 7/17/2009 10:09:51 AMA law suit started in a Delaware district court alleging that IBM has breached a number of patents relating to dynamic random access memory...Azure Dynamics Awarded Two New Patents »NBC 10 Quincy (WGEM) 7/17/2009 9:41:09 AMOAK PARK, MI, July 17 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ - Azure Dynamics Corporation - ("Azure") or (the "Company"), a leading developer of state-of-the-art ...Hosted by Back to Google NewsSenate votes big expansion of federal hate crimesBy JIM ABRAMS (AP) – 1 day agoWASHINGTON — The Senate on Thursday approved the most sweeping expansion of federal hate crimes law since Congress responded four decades ago to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.The legislation, backed by President Barack Obama, would extend federal protections granted under the 1968 hate crimes law to cover those physically attacked because of their gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability."This bill simply recognizes that there is a difference between assaulting someone to steal his money, or doing so because he is gay, or disabled, or Latino or Muslim," Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said.Voice vote passage came immediately after supporters cleared a 60-vote procedural hurdle imposed by Republicans trying to block consideration of the legislation. That vote was 63-28.The hate crimes bill was offered as an amendment to a must-pass defense spending bill that the Senate is expected to finish some time next week. Several Republican amendments to the hate crimes legislation still could be considered on Monday, but Thursday's vote determined that it will be part of the defense bill when it passes.The 1968 hate crimes act covers violence related to a person's race, color, religion or national origin. Federal involvement is confined to a narrow range of circumstances, such as when the victim is using a public facility or attending a public school, serving on a jury or participating in a government program.The proposed legislation, in addition to expanding the categories covered, ends the "federally protected activities" requirement.Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., now being treated for cancer and unable to be on hand for the debate, first proposed the bill in 1997. While coming close on several occasions, he has never been able to overcome opposition from those who contend it infringes on states' rights and First Amendment rights to free speech. Former President George W. Bush said he would veto the bill if it reached his desk.This time, however, pro-bill Democrats control both houses of Congress and Obama is a strong supporter. Attorney General Eric Holder has urged Congress to give his department authority to prosecute cases of violence based on sexual orientation, gender or disability.The measure still has a way to go. Obama has told Congress he will veto the defense bill if it includes more money for an F-22 fighter program he is trying to terminate. The House in April passed a similar hate crimes bill, but did it as independent legislation not tied to a larger bill.The Senate bill, also sponsored by Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., only authorizes federal prosecutions of hate crimes when the state or local authorities are unwilling or unable to do so. It provides $5 million in grants to state and local law enforcement officials who have trouble meeting the costs of investigating and prosecuting these crimes.Reid, D-Nev., recalled that Laramie, Wyo., was overwhelmed by the costs of pursuing the case against Matthew Shepard, the gay college student killed in 1998 whose name is attached to the bill. "When this bill becomes law, that will never happen again in Laramie, Wyo., or anyplace else in the country."Supporters also emphasized that prosecutions under the bill can occur only when bodily injury is involved, and no minister or protester could be targeted for expressing opposition to homosexuality, even if their statements are followed by another person committing a violent action.To emphasize the point, the Senate passed provisions restating that the bill does not prohibit constitutionally protected speech and that free speech is guaranteed unless it is intended to plan or prepare for an act of violence.The Traditional Values Coalition had expressed concern in a letter to senators that a pastor could be prosecuted for "conspiracy to commit a hate crime" if a sermon resulted in a person acting aggressively against someone based on sexual orientation.Another opponent, Sen. Jim DeMint, R-S.C., said it was "patently offensive" that violence against one class of victims would be considered worse than violence against others. "We cannot have a colorblind society if we continue to write color-conscious laws," he said. "It violates all the principles of equal justice under the law."Some 45 states have hate crimes statutes on their books, and about half the states have laws covering crimes based on sexual orientation.The FBI receives reports of nearly 8,000 hate crimes every year. Of those, about 15 percent are linked to sexual orientation, which ranks third after those involving race and religion.The Senate hate crimes bill is S. 909.On the Net:Congress: http://thomas.loc.govCopyright © 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.Add News to your Google HomepageMap©2009 Google - About Google News - Blog - Help Center - Help for Publishers - Terms of Use - Privacy Policy - Google Home