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http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/08/hacking-home-automation/

 

9143042068?profile=original

 

LAS VEGAS – Hacking the grid took on new meaning at the DefCon hacker conference on Friday when two independent security researchers demonstrated two tools they designed to hack home and business automation and security systems that operate though power lines.

The automation systems let users control a multitude of devices, such as lights, electronic locks, heating and air conditioning systems, and security alarms and cameras. The systems operate on Ethernet networks that communicate over the existing power lines in a house or office building, sending signals back and forth to control devices.

The problem is that all of these signals are sent unencrypted, and the systems don’t require devices connected to them to be authenticated. This means that someone can connect a sniffer device to the broadband power network through an electrical outlet and sniff the signals to gather intelligence about what’s going on in a building where the systems are installed – such as monitor the movements of people in houses where security systems with motion sensors are enabled. They can also send commands through the network to control devices that are connected to it — for example, to turn lights on or off or to disable alarms and security cameras.

“None of the manufacturers have implemented really any security whatsoever on these devices,” said Dave Kennedy, one of the researchers. “It’s such an immature technology.”

Kennedy, aka Rel1k, and Rob Simon, aka Kc57, spent two months researching and designing their open-source tools to conduct the hacks. The tools focus on home-automation systems that are based on the X10 protocol, which doesn’t support encryption. They also looked at the ZWave protocol, which does support AES encryption, but the one device they found that was using it, implemented the encryption incorrectly – the key exchange was done in the clear so an attacker could intercept the keys and decrypt all of the communication.

The tools, which they’re releasing to the public, include the X10 Sniffer to determine what’s connected to the power network and monitor what the devices are doing, and the X10 Blackout, which can jam signals to interfere with the operation of lights, alarms, security cameras and other devices.

The researchers demonstrated the Sniffer and Blackout devices they designed that plug into a power socket inside or outside a house or even into an outlet in a house nextdoor, since signals can leak out from a house and carry for some distance. Kennedy said that while testing one of the devices from his house in Ohio, he picked up signals from home automation systems belonging to 15 neighbors.

The tools need to be preprogrammed with commands the hackers want to send. For example, the tools can be preprogrammed to send a jamming signal if a security system is triggered by someone opening a door or window. This would prevent an alarm from sounding and alerts being sent out to police and the property owner. The researchers are working on a GSM-enabled tool that would allow attackers to receive sniffed data remotely to their cell phones (currently the sniffed data is written to external storage) as well as send commands in real-time back to the tool via text messaging.

Thieves could monitor a house to determine when the occupants are generally gone based on signals indicating when lights are turned off, doors and windows are closed and the alarm system is enabled. Then they could send out jamming signals from the tool to disable motion sensors and alarms before breaking into the house. They could also completely fry the system by overloading it with rapidfire commands, though Kennedy acknowledged that this could potentially cause a fire.

The researchers said they hadn’t notified the makers of automation systems about the vulnerabilities in their systems, but said they are hoping their project will bring attention to the security problems.

 

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http://www.chinasnw.com/display.asp?id=596

 

“科学小说”关于脑波应用的科学预见被证实

朱红成 2007-1-27

“科学小说”关于脑波应用的科学预见被证实

著名作家、生物无线电研究者汪志在其科学小说和科学广播剧《无名岛上》中所反映的关于生物无线电和脑波问题的科学预见,最近被美国科学家所证实。

我国“科学小说”和“生物无线电”问题的较早提出和系统研究者汪志,在其科学小说和科学广播剧《无名岛上》中有着这样的描写:

“生物无线电!由于近代无线电电子学、生物学和电磁场理论、 信息论、控制论的发展,科学技术的日趋精密和完备,诞生 了一门研究生命有机体与外界环境的电磁场联系,生命有机 体内部的无线电联系,以及所谓“脑波”问题的科学,这就 是生物无线电!”

“有人经过反复的实验, 发现神经系统 的活动,都伴随着变动的生物电流。人的大脑活动时也有脑 电产生,有人测定其数量级为10-10伏,当用‘超低噪声管’ 等特殊设备把电流加以放大时,发现它的频率高达5-150 千 赫,甚至更高!你知道,这样的高频电流是可以激发电磁辐 射的,真是有趣,人的大脑居然是一个无线电波发射机!”

“别急,你先听我说,现在还有人发现,有的鱼类能感知数 量级达几亿分之一的电流所产生的微弱电磁场。同样,鸟对 微弱的电磁场也有非常灵敏的作用,人也能感到一定功率和 频率的无线电波……”

“你看到过《无线电波与生物关系初探》那篇文章吗?你搞 生物无线电,应该看看,这篇文章的观点非常新颖,它提出 的无线电波与生物关系的这个命题,是很有价值的。在今天, 很多人只知道无线电在通讯、广播上的运用,却没有注意到 它与生物之间生理上的关系!我们周围存在着很多的各种频 率无线电波,那些电磁场或电磁波对生物都会产生什么样的 生物效应呢……”

“近代无线电电子学、生物学和电磁场理论、信息论、 控制论的高度发展,以及科学技术的日趋精密和完备,诞生 了一门崭新的科学,这就是张松涛所说的生物无线电。很多 事实都证明,生命有机体与外界电磁场有联系,一些生命有 机体之间也有着无线电联系,虽然生物无线电的研究还处在 萌芽阶段,到处都是待开垦的处女地,可它的不少研究成果 已经开始被人们应用,医学上的高频电疗;农业上的电磁波 杀虫;高频电场处理作物种子;还有高频电场杀菌等等。虽 然它们的规律还没有完全被揭示,也还缺乏系统的理论,但 从实践中得到的这些极微而又宝贵的经验被广泛运用的事实 说明,生物无线电的发展,将会给科学研究和生产实践都带 来巨大的变革!”

“既然实践已经证明生物会产生无线电波,一定波长的无线 电波对生物有影响,人的脑电波会随着人的思维活动而产生 变化……你们是否是想证明:一定波长、一定剂量的无线波 对生物会产生一定的作用,思维或心理活动能有可能通过伴 随而产生的电磁波进行传递?”

“我们就是在作这种探索,我们的实验发现,有的鱼类能感 知数量级达几亿分之一的电流所产生的微弱电磁场。同样, 鸟对微弱的电磁场也有非常灵敏的作用,我们认为,虽然脑 电的电压在万分之一微伏左右,它产生的电磁辐射能量微乎 其微,经过几百里、几千里的传播,它的场强在接收点会弱 得无法计算,加之空间中各种电磁场的作用十分复杂,还有 自然界天电干扰的存在,这样微弱的电磁辐射信号可能会受 影响,但一些自然现象,实验和理论研究都说明,它仍是能 起作用的,而且生物机体的这种接收机也象无线电收音机一 样,有它一定的特定条件和要求,也有一定的频率限制。”

“我们认为生物体吸收一定波长的无线电波,可以刺激生物 化学过程,起到了刺激剂的作用,同时产生高频加热使停止 发育的各种有机体脱离静性状态,加速发育。生物体吸收无 线电波有一定的限度,如果不足,作用可能不大,如果超过 限度,就有可能向反方向发展,产生副作用,不难看出生物 体可能具有特殊的‘发射机’和‘接收机’,而且有着它的 特殊性能,若果真是这样的话,它肯定比我们现在人工制造 的无线电技术设备有着更多的优越性!”

“这个问题,也就是摆在我们面前的工作,因为生物无线电 还处在萌芽阶段,所以许多问题和任务都是才开始探索,离它的最后目标还远。对这项工作,张松涛通过自己的研究, 提出了这样几项任务,他认为:

第一个任务,是要研究生物的电磁现象,生物体发射和 接收无线电波的原理和机制就是急需进一步探索的。

第二重要任务,是要揭开生物机体之间无线电联系过程 的秘密。

第三,外来的一定波长,一定剂量电磁波对生物体产生 的作用是怎样产生的,它的机理如何,有些什么规律,都需 要进行反复的实验和研究,对于已经发现的电磁波与生物体 之间的一些关系,象电磁场的磁作用、加热作用、对生物体 的生物物理、生物化学过程影响作用、对生物体内电子有序 化和思维活动的影响作用等等,都是需要进一步深入研究和 探讨的课题。

第四,既然一定的无线电波,那怕有些很微弱的电波对 生物都有可能有影响的作用,而现在空间有着人为的、自然 的、十分复杂的电磁波存在,那么哪些对人和哪些其它生物 有害?哪些对人和哪些其它生物有益,它们之间又有没有什 么规律性的东西,人类又如何更好地利用这些资源和开发这 些有用的能量呢……这都是需要认真研究的。不!不!不!……对不起,对不起,太枯燥了,我不该 和你们谈这些。”

……

这就是汪志在其科学小说和科学电视剧本《无名岛上》中的一些具体描述片段。

据据据英国媒体2006年12月18日报道,随着人工智能技术的飞速发展,机器人的使用正变得越来越频繁。美国的科学家们日前表示,他们已经成功地研制出可以利用脑电波进行控制的机器人。

12月17日,国际人脑-计算机学术会议在英属哥伦比亚的惠斯勒市举行。美国华盛顿大学教授拉杰什•瑞奥展示了他们最新研制成功的脑电波控制机器人。

拉杰什•瑞奥表示,这一最新技术取得的成功表明,科学家们有朝一日将可以利用脑电波机器人来帮助残疾病人。拉杰什•瑞奥说,科学家们只需要通过可进行脑皮层电描法的感应电极板,便可接收并解读癫痫症患者脑部发出的信号。因为程序利用了人脑机器接口技术活动,患者无须将感应电极板植入体内,仪器已可从头部表层解读脑部发出的信号。

机器人通常都是按照事先设计好的程序执行任务。而这种新型机器人原理不同,它先感应并分析各个构件的反应,然后再根据具体反应自行制定行动程序。

参与这项研究的美国脑神经学副教授约翰•鲁塔德指出,此前曾与一名14岁癫痫症患者为程序进行测试,期间他们要求少年完成多种运动神经及语言任务,例如移动手指、舌头及思想等。结果研究人员成功地通过计算机程序提供的脑电波扫描纪录,掌握了该少年脑部的活动情况。随后科学家们又把感应电极板连接至计算机游戏《太空侵略者》,发现这名残疾少年只须凭借思维已能驱使画面中的炮台随着思想移动。鲁塔德兴奋地指出,“他以思维成功地完成两关的任务,他在游戏过程中反应愈快,控制效果愈理想。假如研究成功,技术日后将可应用于残障者身上,让他们可以通过思维来控制义肢的活动”。

这些报道与《无名岛上》的一些场景真是有些不谋而合,甚至可以说是《无名岛上》场景描写的一些真实再现,但它不是科幻小说的“科学幻想”;而是对“科学小说”所反映的科学研究者的科学探索和科学预见的一个具体证实和体现。

随着近代无线电电子学、生物学、电磁场理论和系统论、控制论、信息论的高度发展,以及科学技术的日趋精密和完备,人们发现了生活有机体与外界环境中的电磁场联系、生命有机体内部和它们之间的无线电联系问题,而且这种联系还在影响着生命的机体,于是对它们的研究,便诞生了一门新兴的科学——生物无线电学。据悉,汪志从上世纪六十年代初就提出这一问题并开始进行研究,先后发表过《何为生物无线电》、《气功与生物无线电》等文章,他把对生物无线电和对科学小说问题的研究结合起来,在他的长篇科学小说《无名岛上》,对生物无线电问题和他的研究成果进行了详细的反映,钱学森同志对汪志的工作十分关心,在看到发表在剑南文艺上的《无名岛上》部份章节后,专门写信给汪志,并从上世纪八十年代初开始就多次写信对汪志以指导,汪志按照自己提出和探索的科学广播剧理论把《无名岛上》改编成科学广播剧时,钱学森还专门在北京接见了他。

几十年来,汪志把对自然科学、社会科学的研究结合起来进行,他把自己提出和研究的科学小说、科学广播剧、生物无线电有机地联系在一起,促进了这些研究的共同发展,不仅提出和普及了生物无线电的知识,还同时推出了长篇科学小说《无名岛上》和科学广播剧《无名岛上》和这方面的科学电影、科学电视剧等艺术新品种,他对生物无线电的研究,就首先是以“科学小说”和科学广播剧的形式公诸于世的:

1987年,剑南文艺加编者按发表了汪志的《无名岛上》的部份章节;

1997年,天津教育出版社出版了汪志的《无名岛上》一书;

1998年3月9日至12日,中央人民广播电台在“广播剧和小说联播”中首次播出由汪志根据同名科学小说改编的四集科学广播剧《无名岛上》。

汪志不仅从理论上进行了研究,提出了自己在这方面的一些科学预见和科学猜想——这是来自他对这方面进行科学研究的结果,而并不是科学幻想。这些年汪志在这方面进行的主要工作还有:(1)对生物无线电的研究进行理论性的总结,对一定频率、一定剂量的无线电波与生物有机体的关系与规律进行一步探索;(2)结合这方面的基础理论研究和实验基础,深入研究蚊子与无线电波、声波、超声波之间的关系,希望能研制一种应用生物无线电技术的新型绿色驱蚊器;(3)根据研制出的绿色驱蚊器争取能和有关方面合作,筹办这方面的高新技术产业和生物无线电技术研究所。他还把这项探索与“广播系统工程”的方法与技术推广相结合,希望能研制出相关的信息控制系统与软件。

生物有机体与无线电波关系的研究成果,运用十分广泛,比如运用生物无线电技术的高频处理农作物种子,促进农作物生长、灭菌;高频治疗等,前景就十分广阔。这些产品的开发与人们的生活关系密切,很有发展前景,已引起国内外不少专家、企业家的兴趣。

汪志的《何为生物无线电》曾获得“中国理论创新优秀学术成果奖”二等奖。此外他还撰写有《音频治疗法》、《生物无线电学》等书稿。汪志通过实际调研;有关学术成果的研究;对不同频率高频电场促进作农物种子发芽与灭菌的实验;高频电场在医疗、保健上所产生作用的实验与研究,提出了自己有关于“生物无线电”的定义、机理、规律研究、应用前景等方面的理论,并与其对“科学小说”、科学传播理论的研究相结合,把这方面的研究成果首先通过他的长篇科学小说和科学广播剧《无名岛上》进行了详细反映,成为较早公布这方面研究成果的一种特殊形式。汪志把自然科学、社会科学的研究有机地结合起来,受到著名科学家钱学森的肯定,钱学森看过《无名岛上》上部份章节后专门给汪志写信,并在以后接见汪志时专门对有关科研问题对他以指导。著名生物力学专家、四川大学教授、原国务院学部委员会委员康振黄,认为汪志的研究与医学生物力学的有关课题研究也有关,还专门给他提供了这方面的有关资料和著作供参考,并把他的研究推荐给武汉大学有关教授,对其研究进行具体指导。汪志的这项研究与近年来兴起的电磁污染、、脑电波、电波武器研究等等也有着一定的关系。他的研究除理论外,还探索生物无线电的产生及其有关规律以及与现有电子学理论之间的关系。这不仅有其学术价值,也有其实用价值,就目前正在研制、开发的有关生物无线电技术看,对促进种子发芽、灭菌和家用治疗等都很有好处。

经过近二、三十年的探索,加之近年来无线电电子学、生物学、电磁场理论和系统论、控制论、信息论的高度发展,以及科学技术的不断进步,对生命有机体与外界环境中电磁场联系、生命有机体内部和它们之间的无线电联系问题的研究,也不断被引向深入,其机理及其规律在逐步被揭示,虽然由于条件的限制,过去汪志先生在这方面重在理论研究,但他在多年的实验中也已积累了不少资料和经验,加之已有不少部门参与这方面的研究与合作,在钱学森、康振黄等一批专家学者和有关方面的支持下,我国生物无线电的研究正在不断向纵深发展。脑电波控制机器人的出现,不仅证实了汪志先生对生物无线电研究的重要意义,而且也再一次说明了“科学小说”的强大生命力!

出处:科学浊说网  

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Hi,

Please don't advise or encourage some victim to " file a complaint personnally with International Criminal Court or UN On Torture". It donesn't mean we can't file personnaly. This process is huge and too much. Without carefully studying each process of " file a complaint" , you case will be tossed. Of course, if you are familiar with everything about this process. Please do it. Here is the "handbook" for reporting torture, crimes against humanity.

 

"The Torture Reporting Handbook. How to document and respond to allegations of torture within the international system for the protection of human rights"

 

http://www.hrea.org/index.php?base_id=104&language_id=1&erc_doc_id=269&category_id=9&category_type=3&group=

 

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http://news.163.com/11/0819/14/7BQUETLS00014AEE.html

 

 

技术帝IBM今天宣布它们正在研发一种具有革命性的新一代计算机芯片,在这种新芯片加持下,终结者T-800同学将不再只是电影人物,而很有可能成为现实。

  IBM将这种芯片称之为neurosynaptic,不同于现有芯片,neurosynaptic通过先进算法和硅电路,模拟发生于大脑等生物系统中神经细胞和突触之间的现象,进行认知并积累学习。简单来说,就是这种芯片是模拟成一个大脑,并且完成大脑的各种功能。一旦成功,统治计算机结构至今冯·诺依曼体系将会彻底被颠覆。

IBM新一代芯片neurosynaptic能学人类思考


  鉴于这种芯片的吸引力实在太大,所以美帝已经着力推进这件事。美国国防高级研究计划局已经投入2100万美元供IBM及其合作高校进行neurosynaptic第二期的研究工作。或许在不久将来,我们所熟悉那些的科幻电影情节将不再是科幻,嗯,貌似是好还是坏还真难给个定论。

IBM新一代芯片neurosynaptic能学人类思考
Ill be back!

 

 

 

IBM unveils chips that mimic the human brain



Read more: http://www.computing.co.uk/ctg/news/2102735/ibm-unveils-chips-mimic-human-brain#ixzz1VS8PfJLO
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IBM has unveiled a new experimental computer chip that it says mimics the human brain in that it perceives, acts and even thinks.

It terms the machines built with these chips "cognitive computers", claiming that they are able to learn through experience, find patterns, generate ideas and understand the outcomes.

Further reading

In building this new generation of chip, IBM combined principles of nanoscience, neuroscience and supercomputing.

It has been awarded $21m (£12.7m) of new funding by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for the next phase of the project, which it terms "Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics" (SyNAPSE).

"This is a major initiative to move beyond the von Neumann paradigm that has been ruling computer architecture for more than half a century," said Dharmendra Modha, project leader for IBM Research.

Modha added that the chip may see applications in business, science and government.

"Future applications of computing will increasingly demand functionality that is not efficiently delivered by the traditional architecture.

"These chips are another significant step in the evolution of computers from calculators to learning systems, signalling the beginning of a new generation of computers and their applications in business, science and government."

IBM states that the chips, while certainly not biological, are inspired by the architecture of the human brain in their design. Digital silicon circuits make up what it terms the "neurosynaptic core".

The scientists have built two working prototype designs. Both cores contain 256 neurons, one with 262,144 programmable synapses and the other with 65,536 learning synapses. The team has successfully demonstrated simple applications like navigation, machine vision, pattern recognition, associative memory and classification.

But what are the potential real-world applications of this technology? Tsunami warnings for one, claims IBM:

"A cognitive computing system monitoring the world's water supply could contain a network of sensors and actuators that constantly record and report metrics such as temperature, pressure, wave height, acoustics and ocean tide, and issue tsunami warnings based on its decision making," said IBM in a statement.

Going slightly more Minority Report, IBM goes on to suggest an instrumented glove that a grocer could use to flag bad or contaminated produce.

On a more practical note, IBM has said that this technology could result in computers that take up far less space and use less power than those in use today.



Read more: http://www.computing.co.uk/ctg/news/2102735/ibm-unveils-chips-mimic-human-brain#ixzz1VS8eRMQb
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Banheiros em Estilo Rústico da Chinabring

Banheiros em Estilo Rústico da Chinabring, banheiros românticos,conjunto de banheiro estilo minimalista. Os Banheiros em Estilo Rústico da Chinabring adornados com jóias e ouro e folha prata.

Estes luxuosos design de saboneteiras romântico pela empresa China Firmino mostra à todos a época romântica. O torneiras para banheiro é uma coleção de 1941 foi feita em colaboração com o arquiteto J. Pizzorno e a habilidade de Guido Sávio, que criaram uma atmosfera opulenta para desfrutar desse Acesórios Torneiras todos os dias.

Os recursos desses ralos sofisticados são muitos elegantes entalhada à mão com detalhes em madeira que lhe dão um estilo antigo.

Adornadas com Torneira banheiro monocomando cascata de prata, estas peças são verdadeiros tesouros. Este banheiro é reservado não apenas para tomar banho mas, é sim um espaço dedicado à beleza, bem estar e doce serenidade . Confira todos os projetos de Sávio Firmino .

Se você quer saber mais, clique aqui nosso site, http://www.chinabring.com.br

 

 

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Comande uma miniatura de carro de Stock Car!

Comande uma miniatura de carro de Stock Car! Um carrinho controle remoto feito para você brincar muito e com estilo!

Também montado em escala 1:18, com 7 funções no controle remoto (frente, trás, frente direita, frente esquerda, trás direita, trás esquerda e parar) e farol e luzes nas rodas.

CLIQUE AQUI para visitar a loja!

Para não entrar em furada ao comprar um carros controle remoto, olhe três coisas: Preço, loja e fabricante.

Não compre um controle remoto para pc só porque é muito barato. O barato pode sair caro. Escolha uma loja de confiança, certificada. Comprar pela internet é uma boa opção, pois você não sai de casa e geralmente economiza.

Se comprar de uma loja de confiança você estará investindo no produto de um bom fabricante. Lojas de confiança não vendem produtos ruins.

Se você quer saber mais, clique aqui nosso site, http://www.chinabring.com.br

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http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com:81/kjrb/html/2010-10/22/content_78889.htm

 

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脑机接口,开启“心灵感应”时代
 
文·实习生 陈明立
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  刺激大脑皮层还不等于向大脑写入信号,不会改变大脑的思维

  ■ 将新闻进行到底

  当冷天你感到口渴,眼前立刻出现一杯热饮,当你从室外回来想要上网,电脑立刻自动启动,当你想呼吸窗外的新鲜空气,窗子立刻打开……这一切不用你命令,不用你操控,只要你想,意念就能实现。这是不是很像科幻?但这可能就是未来真正的智能时代。我们的心灵被感应,意念在瞬间被兑现。

  但目前,似乎没有人能够靠意念生活。

  假如有人说他用意念可以让球动起来,你绝对不相信。而日前美国上市的一款新游戏,就是用意念让球穿越布满障碍的路线。另一端,在实验室“养尊处优”的猴子,闲着双手,却在上演用意念控制假肢给自己喂食香蕉、花生的一幕。

  这在早些年代,一定会被认为是巫术,靠不为人知的诡计玩弄“心灵控制”或者“心灵感应”的游戏。

  然而,近几年越来越多的科学家投入“心灵感应”的研究,在理想的蓝图中,不用按键、不用说话,仅靠大脑活动就能实现其所想。美国国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)启动的“无声通话”项目,投入400万美元,致力于实现战场上军队内部依靠脑信号达到准确而快速的交流。那么科学研究领域的“脑电感应”是如何实现的呢?人类真能实现科幻世界中描述的“心灵控制”吗?

  追究这些问题的关键在于认识神经信号和脑机接口,因此我们采访了清华大学医学院研究神经信息解码和脑机接口的洪波副教授,最近他所带领的团队取得了利用听觉皮层的活动信号识别用户思维的技术突破。这项工作作为封面文章发表在美国《IEEE神经系统与康复工程汇刊》上。

  脑电:“心灵感应”的载体

  脑电数据承载大脑思维

  人的大脑皮层约有1千亿个神经细胞。大脑时刻都在接受着来自外界和自身的刺激,这些刺激使得大脑皮层中一些区域的细胞活动增强,形成几十毫伏的放电脉冲,但这些电脉冲传到头皮表面就只有几十微伏的大小,非常微弱。

  科学家利用微弱信号放大装置探测神经细胞的活动,“这是困难的,就像在一个庞大的体育场外试图只靠听觉判断出体育场内每个人的活动。”洪波形象地比喻说。这样得到的脑电是很多细胞活动的总和,直接看似乎没有任何意义,但是科学家通过复杂的统计、挖掘、分类算法,探索出脑电数据中承载的大脑思维。

  对照“脑活动图谱”或能读懂意识

  洪波告诉记者:“思维活动和脑电之间有直接的联系,实际上可以说脑电是思维活动的物质表现形式,从脑电可以在一定程度上推测出思维活动。”类似于通过基因“标号”得到基因图谱,对脑电的标号,或许将会得到一张人类“脑活动图谱”。

  如果能够建立一张完整的脑活动图谱,包含所有的大脑活动的模式,那么对于我们记录到的某个人甲的脑活动,通过和图谱作比较,就可以得知甲此刻的意识。如果需要让第二个人乙知道甲的意识,就需要将甲的脑信号的编码或者其他形式传给乙的大脑皮层。而无论记录发送者甲的脑信号,还是传递给接收者乙,都需要将甲和乙的大脑与外部设备连接起来形成发送或接收的通路,这就是脑机接口。

  脑机接口:“心灵感应”的传播通路

  在电影《阿凡达》中,化身阿凡达有一条长长的辫子,除了美观这条辫子还起着重要的链接作用。而真实生活中脑机接口暂时还没有这么完美和潇洒,根据脑电信号的采集方式,分为有创伤式和无创伤式。

  有创伤式:信号纯净但易感染

  关于有创伤式脑机接口,采集神经信号的电极植入到大脑皮层中,这样得到的脑信号更为纯净,解码准确度更高。目前这种方式主要用于高位截瘫病人和动物实验。

  洪波强调说,在正常情况下,大脑时刻都在输入和输出信息,与外界存在自然通路,但在某些特殊情况,例如高位截瘫病人,他们与外界正常交流的通路被破坏了,要了解他们、让他们的生活有意义,就必须建立新的交流方式。这正是脑机接口研究的初衷。最近布朗大学经FDA批准将包含仅百个微电极的电极阵列植入一个高位截瘫病人的体内,从而获得单个细胞活动的放电,在临床上取得了明显成效。有创伤式不仅存在手术感染的风险,还容易引发排异反应导致电极被细胞包裹而失去信号采集作用。

  无创伤式:信号分辨率较低

  无创伤式脑机接口通过实时记录和分析头皮脑电,解读人的控制意愿,实现人脑对计算机、家用电器、机器人等设备的直接控制。神经细胞的放电量从皮层经过颅骨等传到头皮,只剩下几十微伏,因此无创伤式采集到的信号分辨率较低。

  在清华脑机接口实验室,志愿者戴上只有四五个电极的电极帽,从若干类似“感觉冷”“想喝水”“要坐下”等简单思维活动中随机选择一个,计算机几乎可以立刻判断出志愿者当前的意愿。如果将计算机的判断作为控制命令传给空调或机器人,就可以让空调根据人的感觉自动调节温度,让机器人根据人的意愿端茶送水,真正开启人机交互的智能时代。如果能够将解读的意愿直接传给其他人的大脑,就能实现“心有灵犀不点自通”,“无声通话”计划也就不再是想象。

  脑:“心灵感应”的发送器和接收器

  但是,目前脑机接口的研究还处于单向通路阶段,即使反馈信息给大脑,一般也是为了让使用者判断外部设备的操作是否准确体现了其意志。那么能否实现“双向交通”的脑机接口,即读取大脑信息的同时也允许机器向大脑传递信息或者命令呢?在脑机接口中,大脑可以既是“发送器”又是“接收器”吗?

  写入信号比读取难得多

  “把信号写入大脑,比从大脑读取信号难得多”。尽管困难,生物医学工程学在这方面取得了很多实用性进展。洪波列举了人工耳蜗、帕金森脑起搏器在临床上的应用。在人工耳蜗中,声音经过处理转换成电脉冲信号,用来刺激大脑听觉通路的最前端——耳蜗,使严重耳聋的人重获听的感觉,甚至修复听力。而帕金森脑起搏器通过脉冲电流刺激大脑中的负责运动稳定性的核团,大幅改善帕金森的症状,如震颤、僵直、异动等,从而改善病人生活状态。

  “刺激大脑皮层还不等于向大脑写入信号,不会改变大脑的思维”。洪波解释说,实际上目前对脑信号的认识还非常有限,脑机接口并没有读取人类意识,只是利用分类算法对脑电作分类,试图划分出脑电所代表的简单的思维活动。而把思维写入大脑,还需要建立思维活动与大脑皮层之间的映射关系,尤其是注意、记忆、语言等高级认知活动,但是现阶段人类对高级认知活动的大脑回路所知甚少。另外,假设发现了高级神经活动与大脑皮层之间的映射关系,向大脑准确写入信息还需要极其精细的定位,甚至精确控制单个细胞的活动。

  对此,洪波提示说,光遗传学可能提供非常有前景的解决方法。斯坦福大学的研究人员在老鼠的运动神经元中植入光敏感的绿藻基因,利用一束蓝色光缆作开关就可以精确地控制老鼠的运动。显然如果利用光控开关能精细控制每个细胞的活动,向大脑写入信息可能就不再只是科幻世界的故事了。

  ■ 延伸阅读

  “心灵感应”会导致“心灵控制”吗?

  科幻是没有边界的,科学同样永无止境。随着脑机接口的一次次突破,或许DARPA描绘的“无声通话”计划中具有“心灵感应”的超级战队即将诞生。但是从“心灵感应”到“心灵控制”,两字之差,距离将会有多远呢?

  洪波说,如果读取大脑思维的科学路程完成了十分之一,那么向大脑写入信息的工作还不到百分之一。而且大脑有很多高级的、富有创造力的思维活动,借助脑机接口“感应”到的只是有限集合的简单思维活动,关于检测和分析大脑新异的活动,还是神经科学领域的一个难题。更关键的是,向大脑传递信息不等于修改其思维活动,例如在大脑与外界联系的自然通路中,大脑接收刺激信号引起的只是皮层的反应,并不等同于思维活动本身。洪波强调:“人的思维永远是自由的,未来和现在一样没有人可以控制他人的意识。”

  显然与其作“心灵控制”的无稽之谈,不如享受脑机接口研究带来的“心灵感应”,无须动手,只要想一下,即可心想事成。

 

 

 

 

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老鼠脑部植入電極可恢復和增強記憶

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配圖:美國科學家們在小鼠身上成功實驗了一種能夠增強記憶、彌補記憶力不足的植入設備,以后有望獲得能夠緩解癡呆等腦補損傷的“人工神經器官”。

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領導該實驗的南加州大學科學家西奧多·伯格。

 

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 http://jgospel.net/news/tech/%E8%80%81%E9%BC%A0%E8%84%91%E9%83%A8%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E9%9B%BB%E6%A5%B5%E5%8F%AF%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%B7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6._gc34040.aspx

 

 

(JGospel 2011年6月23日)《紐約時報》報導,美國科學家們在小鼠身上成功實驗了一種能夠增強記憶、彌補記憶力不足的植入設備,不久的將來,醫學界有望獲得能夠緩解癡呆、中風和其它腦補損傷的“人工神經器官”。

“讀心”設備可以讓人只通過思考就操縱儀器,一月份美國科學家將思想植入猴腦,讓猴子“學懂”並分辨出不同的物體就是個很好的例子。現在這個實驗也是同一原理,只是所讀取的“思想”不同,而是將小鼠自己的“思想”在腦中“重播”,結果就是記憶得到了提高。
  

領導該實驗的南加州大學(University of Southern California,USC)科學家西奧多·伯格(Theodore Berger)表示,植入該設備後,此前經過藥物處理而失去記憶的老鼠重新獲得了記憶能力,“輕輕關閉開關,老鼠會遺忘,打開開關,老鼠會重新想起”;另外,這些老鼠對新信息的記憶能力更強。 
  

該團隊的研究建立在科學家們最近對大腦海馬體及其在學習方面所起作用的理解不斷取得突破的基礎上。在整個學習過程中,海馬體的作用是將短期記憶變成長期記憶。伯格表示:“沒有海馬體,就沒有長期記憶,但仍然會有短期記憶。” 

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實驗中,小鼠會先後看到兩個外觀一樣的開關,研究者故意分散小鼠的注意力之後,再讓它選擇後出現的那個開關。在多次重複之後,小鼠會記住實驗的規則(選擇後出現的開關),但每次具體選哪一個開關,需要的則是短期記憶(這次開關出現的順序)。 

小鼠的腦中被安上了一系列電極,一直連到海馬體的CA1和CA3兩個區。當大腦將信號傳到CA1和CA3時,電極同樣會收到這些信號並進行儲存。然後科學家們用藥物讓小鼠的海馬體CA1區停止了作用,這時,小鼠雖然記得遊戲的規則,卻無法記住自己先看到的是哪一個開關,於是只能亂選一氣。 

接著,研究者們將得到信號的電極“打開”,讓它們向海馬體傳遞信號,小鼠立刻重新擁有了短期記憶能力,——換言之,當海馬體CA1區出現了問題時,電極可以起到取而代之的作用。 

而在未被藥物影響的小鼠中,記憶力衰退的現像也大大緩解——在較長的“分散注意力”活動之後,未使用電極小鼠的記憶會消散大約40%,而通過電極“強化”相應信號的小鼠們,只損失了10%的記憶。

儘管現在的電極設備只要稍作修改就能裝進人腦,但研究者們表示要投入實用還有許多障礙,比如對於嚴重記憶力受損的患者,腦波信號本身可能很弱、難以通過電極儲存,而且人腦關於記憶的區塊也遠遠多於CA1和CA3,要真的全面提高記憶力,還需要多做研究。接下來,科學家們計劃在靈長類動物身上重複這一實驗,其最終目的是製造出能幫助阿爾茨海默病、中風或傷殘患者的植入物,讓其恢復功能。

這個研究團隊的論文標題為“皮質神經義體恢復和提高記憶力”(A Cortical Neural Prosthesis for Restoring and Enhancing Memory),發表在《神經工程學》(Neural Engineering)期刊上。

  

  

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/science/17memory.html?_r=1

  

Memory Implant Gives Rats Sharper Recollection

Scientists have designed a brain implant that restored lost memory function and strengthened recall of new information in laboratory rats — a crucial first step in the development of so-called neuroprosthetic devices to repair deficits from dementia, stroke and other brain injuries in humans. 

Though still a long way from being tested in humans, the implant demonstrates for the first time that a cognitive function can be improved with a device that mimics the firing patterns of neurons. In recent years neuroscientists have developed implants that allow paralyzed people to move prosthetic limbs or a computer cursor, using their thoughts to activate the machines. In the new work, being published Friday, researchers at Wake Forest University and the University of Southern California used some of the same techniques to read neural activity. But they translated those signals internally, to improve brain function rather than to activate outside appendages.

“It’s technically very impressive to pull something like this off, given our current level of technology,” said Daryl Kipke, a professor of bioengineering at the University of Michigan who was not involved in the experiment. “We are just scratching the surface when it comes to interacting with the brain, but this experiment shows what’s possible and the great potential of interacting with the brain in this way.”

In a series of experiments, scientists at Wake Forest led by Sam A. Deadwyler trained rats to remember which of two identical levers to press to receive water; the animals first saw one of the two levers appear and then (after being distracted) had to remember to press the other lever to be rewarded. Repeated training on this task teaches rats the general rule, but in each trial the animal has to remember which lever appeared first, to inform the later choice.

The rats were implanted with a tiny array of electrodes, which threaded from the top of the head down into two neighboring pieces of the hippocampus, a structure that is crucial for forming these new memories, in rats as in humans. The two slivers of tissue, called CA1 and CA3, communicate with each other as the brain learns and stores new information. The device transmits these exchanges to a computer.

To test the effect of the implant, the researchers used a drug to shut down the activity of CA1. Without CA1 online, the rats could not remember which lever to push to get water. They remembered the rule — push the opposite lever of the one that first appeared — but not which they had seen first.

The researchers, having recorded the appropriate signal from CA1, simply replayed it, like a melody on a player piano — and the animals remembered. The implant acted as if it were CA1, at least for this one task.

“Turn the switch on, the animal has the memory; turn it off and they don’t: that’s exactly how it worked,” said Theodore W. Berger, a professor of engineering at U.S.C. and the lead author of the study, being published in The Journal of Neural Engineering. His co-authors were Robert E. Hampson and Anushka Goonawardena, along with Dr. Deadwyler, of Wake Forest, and Dong Song and Vasilis Z. Marmarelis of U.S.C.

In rats that did not receive the drug, new memories faded by about 40 percent after a long distraction period. But if the researchers amplified the corresponding CA1 signals using the implant, the memories eroded only about 10 percent in that time.

The authors said that with wireless technology and computer chips, the system could be easily fitted for human use. But there are a number of technical and theoretical obstacles. For one, the implant must first record a memory trace before playing it back or amplifying it; in patients with significant memory problems, those signals may be too weak. In addition, human memory is a rich, diverse neural process that involves many other brain areas, not just CA3 and CA1; implants in this area will be limited.

Still, some restored memories — Where is the bathroom? Where are the pots and pans stored? — could make a big difference in the lives of someone with dementia. “If you’re caring for someone in the house, for example,” Dr. Berger said, “it might be enough to keep the person out of the nursing home.”


This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:

Correction: June 19, 2011

 

 

 

An article on Friday about a brain implant that improved lost memory function in laboratory rats misidentified the journal in which the research was published. It is The Journal of Neural Engineering , not The Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

  

  

Read more…

How Brain-computer Interfaces Work

BCI Drawbacks and Innovators

Scientists demonstrate the brain-computer interface.
Volker Hartmann/AFP/Getty Images
 
Two people in Germany use a brain-computer interface to write "how are you?"

Although we already understand the basic principles behind BCIs, they don't work perfectly. There are several reasons for this.

  1. The brain is incredibly complex. To say that all thoughts or actions are the result of simple electric signals in the brain is a gross understatement. There are about 100 billion neurons in a human brain [source: Greenfield]. Each neuron is constantly sending and receiving signals through a complex web of connections. There are chemical processes involved as well, which EEGs can't pick up on.
  2. The signal is weak and prone to interference. EEGs measure tiny voltage potentials. Something as simple as the blinking eyelids of the subject can generate much stronger signals. Refinements in EEGs and implants will probably overcome this problem to some extent in the future, but for now, reading brain signals is like listening to a bad phone connection. There's lots of static.
  3. The equipment is less than portable. It's far better than it used to be -- early systems were hardwired to massive mainframe computers. But some BCIs still require a wired connection to the equipment, and those that are wireless require the subject to carry a computer trhat can weigh around 10 pounds. Like all technology, this will surely become lighter and more wireless in the future.
Read more here ; http://computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface4.htm
Read more…

Discrediting Tactics

  It's difficult to call reality in a war with moving targets and predators.  Both of us are masked in the delusion of possibility in this jungle.  It could have been or it could not have been, like the wild, wild west.  There are many ways a perps can escape blame.  The predators could use a singular event or time to make anyone paranoid all of the time, which is one of their tricks among others.  Like some events being so terrible as to cause PTSD and other psychiatric issues that could later be diagnosed and used to discredit the individual.  I suffer from a disorder that leads me to be discredited, but it's also the reason why I was targeted, I believe: money from an undesirable.

 

Another tactic of theirs seems to be using floridly delusional people to make us all look like lunatics.  Look, if you think that they're letting you see them as individual people, you are in the wrong.

  Has anyone found a way of perceiving who is real and who is fake or managed to pin down their attackers?

 

  It's not like the idea is a delusion.

 

  Our country has a dark past of targeting people, so it's common knowledge that it is possible.  Programs like CONINTEL-PRO left a shady legacy and have inspired general distrust.  This distrust causes wayward paranoia.  With all this confusion, I guess the question is how do we pin them down and call them out?

 

    I want my brain back.  I am a zombie, "Living Dead Girl."

  On a random note, I'm done with freedom.  I want to move on to spine bending worship.  I like how Kim Jong uses his words to create his civilization.  What do they want?  Let's just give it to them.  Miss Rose doesn't like guessing.

Read more…

http://finance.qq.com/a/20110813/001385.htm

 

youtube 链接视频

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boGUo-wseHY&feature=player_embedded

“纹身”贴纸 监控脑波

2011年08月13日13:14新华网 
字号:T|T

  美国研究人员开发出一种“贴纸监测器”,使用方法类似一次性纹身贴纸:直接贴在皮肤上即可无线监控使用者体温、心率等生命体征,甚至可以读取脑电波。

  似皮肤

  这种贴纸监测器由伊利诺伊大学工程学教授约翰·A·罗杰斯带领研究小组开发。

  装置主体是硅基电路,嵌于厚度小于头发丝直径的胶皮中。它依靠物体表面分子间微弱的相互作用力,无需黏合剂即可贴在皮肤上。罗杰斯在12日出版的《科学》杂志发表文章说,尽管人体死皮细胞会在一定周期内脱落,但监测装置最多能在皮肤上停留2周。

  电路中电子传感器具延展性,能随皮肤伸缩,贴上后几乎感觉不到。

  贴纸监测器的动力来自内部小线圈,可以通过感应获取动力。不过,若是想要长时间使用,还得依靠微型电池或存储电容器。

  贴纸监测器包含一根天线,可用于传输数据,但研究人员尚未测试这一功能。

  多用途

  研究人员把贴纸监测器贴在人体皮肤上测试24小时,发现它运行稳定,对人体无刺激。

  研究人员说,贴纸监测器有多种用途:贴在前额、胸口和前臂可充当标准电极,监测体温、心率等生命体征和脑电波,特别适合早产儿看护;贴在喉咙部位,可以敏锐地感应并且记录发声时喉咙肌肉运动,帮助说话困难人群;同时,它可以散发热量帮助疗伤、制成触觉感应器装在义肢上。

  研究人员把贴纸监测器贴在小鼠腿上,施以电刺激,结果小鼠腿部前后移动。罗杰斯说,这对物理复健具有重要意义。

  如果把更多精细装置放入贴纸监测器,它的功能还可以进一步增加。

  仍原始

  美国微软—全国广播公司(MSNBC)援引罗杰斯的话报道:“我们努力所做的是切实重塑和重新定义电子产品,让它看起来更像人体(一部分)……我们的目标是模糊电子产品和生物组织间的差别。”

  不过,研究人员承认,贴纸监测器目前还处于原始阶段。

  罗杰斯和同事们计划让这一装置具备无线通讯能力,从而能够更加轻松地传输信息。他们也希望能够解决死皮细胞问题,让监测器在皮肤上贴合更长时间。

  当然,研究人员的最终目标是让贴纸监测器走向市场。不过,他们并未透露装置何时上市,也未提及可能价格。(黄敏)

  (新华国际 黄敏)

Read more…

http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=20576&title=Amazing-electronic-skin-tattoo-developed

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boGUo-wseHY

 

Updated 5 days ago
 
8-12-2011_20576_l.jpg

 

 

WASHINGTON: A hair-thin electronic patch that adheres to the skin like a temporary tattoo could transform medical sensing, computer gaming and even spy operations, according to a US study published Thursday.

The micro-electronics technology, called an epidermal electronic system (EES), was developed by an international team of researchers from the United States, China and Singapore, and is described in the journal Science.

"It's a technology that blurs the distinction between electronics and biology," said co-author John Rogers, a professor in materials science and engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

"Our goal was to develop an electronic technology that could integrate with the skin in a way that is mechanically and physiologically invisible to the user."

The patch could be used instead of bulky electrodes to monitor brain, heart and muscle tissue activity and when placed on the throat it allowed users to operate a voice-activated video game with better than 90 percent accuracy.

"This type of device might provide utility for those who suffer from certain diseases of the larynx," said Rogers. "It could also form the basis of a sub-vocal communication capability, suitable for covert or other uses."

The wireless device is nearly weightless and requires so little power it can fuel itself with miniature solar collectors or by picking up stray or transmitted electromagnetic radiation, the study said.

Less than 50-microns thick -- slightly thinner than a human hair -- the devices are able to adhere to the skin without glue or sticky material.

"Forces called van der Waals interactions dominate the adhesion at the molecular level, so the electronic tattoos adhere to the skin without any glues and stay in place for hours," said the study.

Northwestern University engineer Yonggang Huang said the patch was "as soft as the human skin."

Rogers and Huang have been working together on the technology for the past six years. They have already designed flexible electronics for hemispherical camera sensors and are now focused on adding battery power and other energy options.

The devices might find future uses in patients with sleep apnea, babies who need neonatal care and for making electronic bandages to help skin heal from wounds and burns. (AFP)
Read more…

 

 

http://www.jx.xinhuanet.com/news/2011-04/29/content_22648081.htm

 

xin_25304082909219843088210.jpg

 

电影《盗梦空间》描述将思想植入人脑的技术,原来现实中不但可行,甚至可能比电影情节更尖端。据香港《文汇报》报道,美国科学家首次成功将思想植入猴子的脑袋,让猴子“学懂”解读人类讯息。若技术发展成熟,将来四肢瘫痪者可运用意念自如控制机械骨骼,人与人之间更可以意念沟通。

    研究由北卡罗来纳州的杜克大学进行,属“Walk Again”(再次步行)计划的一部分,目的是帮助瘫痪者重新步行。科学家在猴子的头骨钻了一些小孔并植入微芯片,每片芯片包括约700个如发丝般细的电极。这些芯片穿入猴子脑部表面数毫米,用来记录讯息和输入数据到猴子的大脑皮层。

  成功分辨包含食物盒子

    结果科学家成功让猴子“学懂”解读这些讯息,过程更十分迅速。科学家准备了2个盒子,其中一个包含食物。猴子通过讯息知道食物所在。该实验尚未正式发表,若获证实,相信是首次成功将电子讯息传送到灵长目动物脑内的实验。

    负责该项目的科学家,较早前成功让猴子以至帕金森病患者,通过植入脑中的电极传出讯息,从而控制计算机屏幕上的游标;又曾让一只猴子以大脑讯息,在因特网控制千里之外的一个机械人行走。

  讯息双向流动 学习数月

    然而科学家指出,要真正让四肢瘫痪的病人自如控制机械骨骼,讯息的流动必须双向,使病人感受到步法和行走速度等“感官讯息”。将讯息直接传送到大脑皮层正是关键一步。

    负责研究的科学家尼科利斯指出,相关技术还须提升,将每个芯片包含的微电极数量由数百增至数千。到时病人只需花数月熟习,机械骨骼便会和病人身心相连,恍如身体一部分。

    相关技术还可有更广泛用途。尼科利斯预计,将来人类可通过大脑讯息,直接和个人计算机的操作系统及软件交互交流,不用鼠标和键盘便可开启程序和在计算机撰写笔记。相关技术将来更可发展为“大脑网络”(brain net),让人类以大脑讯息直接沟通。现时英特尔、Google(谷歌)和微软皆已成立“脑袋机械”部,进行相关研究。

Read more…

For Computer Issues

For beep & freeze, for when it seems like someone has taken over your computer and for when your computer is generally messed up for whatever reason.

 

The items with the asterisks should be done on a daily basis.

 

*CHECK YOUR REMOTE ACCESS

Click Start, Settings, Control Panel
Click the System icon
Look for Remote settings
Make sure the Remote box is not checked


 

DISABLE OR REMOVE ANY TOOLBARS you don't use. The Yahoo toolbar was problematic on my computer.

 



*CLEAR COOKIES, TEMPORARY INTERET FOLDER, PASSWORDS, HISTORY, ETC.

 

*MAKE SURE YOUR FIREWALL IS ON

*RUN VIRUS SCAN

*DEFRAGMENT

SYSTEM RESTORE - unless you can't find a restore date from before your computer started acting up

CLEAN YOUR COMPUTER
Turn it off and unplug it.
Remove the cover and use a can of compressed air
and/or
a soft artist's brush - wide, flat with soft bristles

Don't vacuum your computer.

 

Check your "pieces and parts" to make sure they are snug, inspect wiring and soldering.

Finally, turn on your computer with the cover off and check to see if the fans are all working.

 

BEEP AND FREEZE CODES (Helpful but not definitive)
http://www.computerhope.com/beep.htm

IF ALL ELSE FAILS
Save your pics and documents to a flash drive or disc
Reformat your computer (aka reinstall your operating system)
Rename your computer through System - under Advanced Settings
Make sure the Remote Assistance box is not checked

Run the disc cleanup utility and remove .old files
Read more…

Vicenda Morini

9143034087?profile=original

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1) Vicenda di truffa – autore: Massimo Morini e suoi amici: Roberto Pacini e Piero Di Vinci”:

Mi è stato fatto sparire un capitale di 1 miliardo e mezzo di lire con vari giochini procedurali, tramite la manipolazione dei fatti, degli atti, dei capi d’imputazione, nel procedimento R.G. 1376/01 celebrato presso il Tribunale di Monsummano Terme, giudice Valeria Marino.

Le mie querele NON sono state mai indagate e procedute.

Dal 1986 fino al 2001, sono caduta nella trappola del fantomatico dottor Morini di Pistoia, commercialista che operava per decenni con magistrati e presidenti del tribunale nella Commissione tributaria provinciale. Il Morini si è approfittato del rapporto di amicizia e, con raggiri e artifizi, mi ha defraudato una somma di denaro molto ingente che gestivo nella Borsa italiana per conto di altre persone. Quando ho chiesto di restituirmi il denaro prestato, il Morini ha cessato il rapporto e mi aveva detto di rivolgermi al tribunale, affermando che, in tal caso, mi avrebbe distrutta, avendo amicizie giuste, e che nessun giudice avrebbe mai provveduto contro di lui, "a causa di rapporto di amicizia massonico-mafioso" (parole letterali del Morini).

Esattamente ciò è avvenuto!

Ho subito minacce mafiose, aggressioni fisiche, sequestro di persona, ma gli autori dei reati, i complici del Morini, non venivano puniti o se sì, per reati lievi con piccola sanzione amministrativa.

In cambio dei soldi buoni, ho ottenuto titoli di credito mai pagati (assegni bancari FALSI, dichiarazioni di prestito fraudolenti, cambiali FALSI) e/o altri titoli di credito emessi su conti chiusi, privi di fondi (assegni postali, bancari).

La Guardia di Finanza di Montecatini T. ha verificato che gli assegni bancari rilasciatimi dal Morini  erano falsi, ma per i magistrati i reati “NON c’erano”.                                                                                        (all. 1)


Il riciclaggio dei titoli di credito falsi soddisfa gli elementi costituivi di diversi reati, quindi i magistrati avevano obbligo di procedere nei confronti del Morini e dei suoi amici.             

 

a) In un solo caso è stato processato il Morini, dal 2006 al 2011 per il reato di calunnia e di truffa il cui importo non è stato specificato. L’imputato NON è stato rinviato a giudizio per la mia querela presentata alla Polizia di Stato di Montecatini T., il 3.3.2001, per la quale è stato aperto il fascicolo R.G. 1376/01, ma per una sua denuncia presentata ai Carabinieri di Montecatini T., il 23.11.2000,  per lo smarrimento del blocchetto di assegni postali che ha dato a me, per pagare una parte del mio credito di quasi mezzo miliardo di lire.                                                                                                                                                         (all. 2)

                                                                                                                 

Il Morini è stato processato e condannato definitivamente in 3 gradi di giudizio per il reato di calunnia che NON poteva esser proceduto perché l’imputato NON è stato iscritto a registro per questo reato. All’apertura del fascicolo R.G. 1376/01, non esisteva alcun provvedimento giudiziario che avesse accertato la calunniosità della denuncia.                                                                                                                        (all. 3)


Il reato di truffa NON poteva essere contestato perché per tale reato ci voleva la querela di parte e la denuncia del Morini non aveva i requisiti di procedibilità paragonabile alla querela.                               (all. 4)


La mia querela del 3.3.2001 NON è stata proceduta come emerge chiaramente dal rinvio a giudizio. 


I giudici avevano l’obbligo di dichiarare improcedibilità degli atti e restituirli alla Procura.

 

I giudici di secondo grado hanno sentenziato che io fossi rimasta creditrice di lire 500.000 (€. 258,29) e all’epoca dei fatti, gli assegni bancari NON erano protestabili (!?) - che NON erano contestati -, e il Morini NON avrebbe guadagnato nulla, se non in altro, che nella garanzia venuta a meno essendo stato denunciato per smarrito il blocchetto di assegni postali.

Con questo meccanismo di “salvataggio”, il Morini NON ha dovuto rispondere per i reati patrimoniali commessi con gli assegni postali rilasciati privi di fondi per quasi mezzo miliardo di lire e per quelli bancari FALSI di oltre 1 miliardo di lire.

Dopo 10 anni, è nata la sentenza definitiva che ha assicurato al Morini non solo un bel capitale di provenienza illecita, rigirato con i rispettivi guadagni per 20 anni, ma anche il diritto al risarcimento dei danni subiti per il processo di durata irragionevole, di 10 ANNI, a spese dell’Erario.


E’ possibile che i 50 (cinquanta) magistrati, conoscitori delle leggi, i quali si erano occupati del procedimento R.G. 1376/01, dalla Procura provinciale fino alla Cassazione, NON ci siano accorti della mancanza di questi requisiti fondamentali per processare il Morini?

E cosa hanno fatto i magistrati che si occupavano dei procedimenti penali connessi, mai riuniti, tutti finiti in una bolla di sapone, quelli civili, esecutivi, fallimentari che conoscono le vicende penali?

E’ possibile che i 3 (tre) avvocati di fiducia, cassazionisti, del Morini NON conoscano le norme procedurali fondamentali su base delle quali avessero potuto far dichiarare l’improcedibilità degli atti già nell’udienza preliminare o contestarle nelle fasi successive?

 

b) Dal 2003 al 2005, ho subito un processo penale per tre querele calunniose presentate dal Morini nel 2001, con le quali mi accusava di aver rubato il blocchetto di assegni postali. Sono stata assolta con la formula piena, ma il Morini NON ha dovuto rispondere per le querele calunniose, per il processo penale da me ingiustamente subito, per le false dichiarazioni rese nella fase preliminare e dibattimentale nei procedimenti aperti a mio carico, R.G. 1690/01, R.G. 2560/01.

Doveva essere proceduto per legge il reato di calunnia per il processo ingiustamente subito!

 

c) Apparentemente, avrei avuto “soddisfazione” dal giudice civile, nella causa R.G. 1156/01 del Tribunale di Pistoia, conclusa a mio favore nel 2004. Il giudice ha riconosciuto il mio credito per oltre 1 miliardo di lire, in relazione agli assegni bancari (falsi). Non potrò mai ricuperare il mio avere perché il Morini si è liberato del suo ingente patrimonio immobiliare e mobiliare prima che io avessi capito che ero vittima di inganno. Quindi, è rimasto a carico mio l’ingente imposta di registro.


Il giudice mi ha autorizzata a iscrivere sequestro conservativo su tutti i beni del Morini, compresi i frutti, che ho trascritto su 10 immobili, nel 2001. Questo mi è stato ELUSO per il credito professionale di lire 1.980.000, risalente a 1996, dell’amico avvocato del Morini, Marco Libero Mangiantini, che ha fatto azionare il credito irrisorio, dopo la trascrizione del sequestro conservativo, R.E. 44/01, giudice Rosa Selvarolo ipotecando e pignorando i 10 immobili dei quali ha chiesto la vendita forzata senza che il Morini o il giudice, avessero fatto qualche osservazione.


La querela del 3.9.2003, relativa alla operato molto poco chiaro del giudice esecutivo, di avvocati, privati nell’elusione del mio sequestro conservativo civile, doveva essere trasmessa a Genova, ma la Procura di Pistoia l’ha archiviata da atti "non costituenti reato", A.R. 626/03/mod. 45.


Dal 2001 ad oggi, il Morini ha percepire circa € 55.000 di canone d’affitto degli immobili sequestrati.

Le denunce depositate a vari organi, giudici esecutivi, procuratore generale, NON sono state procedute. Il procuratore-capo invece, l’ha inoltrata alla Procura di Genova dove è stata archiviata da atti "non costituenti reato".

I magistrati di Genova avevano obbligo di ritrasmettere il fascicolo alla procura di Pistoia perché il Morini NON è un giudice e non era competente a trattare la querela.


Nel 2005 e 2010, il Morini è stato arrestato per reati commessi a danno dello Stato in associazione (favoreggiamento di emigrazione clandestina, tratta della prostituzione, falsi permessi di soggiorno, contratti di lavoro, truffa milionaria con IVA),  e aveva già condanne definitive per reati patrimoniali, falso in bilancio, falsa testimonianza, ma in procedimenti estranei alla mia vicenda.

 

 

 

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Ecco alcuni articoli attinti dai quotidiani locali, che, "stranamente" vedono sempre come protagonista Massimo Morini che nella foto sottostante viene arrestato dalla Guardia di Finanza il 24-03-2010.

Gli arresti (Quartieri)

 Ballerine come colf ma tutte in nero: cinque arresti

Permessi ‘facili’ per clandestini: nuova operazione a Pistoia, cinque arresti. A tirare le fila un ragioniere con una sede fittizia. ‘Carte’ pagate fra 500 e 3mila euro

Gli arresti (Quartieri)

Montecatini, 24 marzo 2010 - Ballerine assunte come domestiche. Operai assunti da imprese fantasma per poi lavorare davvero, per altri, a nero. E tutto documentato con buste paga apparentemente ineccepibili, essenziali per ottenere il permesso di soggiorno, vero, ma indotto da documenti falsi e pagati da centinaia di stranieri (marocchini, albanesi e romeni) fra 500 e 3mila euro. Ma il meccanismo è stato sviscerato e fatto saltare al termine di un’indagine che ha richiesto due anni e ha visto all’opera, in sinergia, Carabinieri, Guardia di Finanza e Ispettorato del lavoro.

L’indagine è sfociata ieri nell’esecuzione di cinque ordinanze cautelari che hanno portato in carcere un noto ragioniere commercialista di Montecatini, Massimo Morini, 62 anni, residente a Pistoia e non nuovo a guai giudiziari di questo genere, e Candido Lazzeri, 62 anni, ex avvocato, di Castelfranco di Sotto (Pisa). Arresti domiciliari invece per Prospero Donzì, 40 anni, di Montecatini, detto Johnny, e per Jonathan Tognocchi, 41 anni, di Pontedera (Pisa). Obbligo di dimora per una 60enne (L. D.), di Spinazzola (Bari).


Gli indagati sono 23 fra Pistoia, Montecatini e Prato e fra questi ci sarebbe anche un ex avvocato di Prato, radiato dall’albo. Il ruolo della schiera di indagati sarebbe quello di prestanome disponibili alle assunzioni fittizie. E proprio da una conversazione dell’ex avvocato pratese intercettata è scaturito il “titolo” dell’operazione: Fictio iuris, finzione giuridica. Una finzione che non ha retto ai controlli incrociati nell’indagine che ha preso le mosse da un piccolo evento: un arresto nel 2007, da parte dei carabinieri di Serravalle Pistoiese, al comando del maresciallo Aldo Nigro, per sfruttamento della manodopera clandestina, e da lì l’analisi dei documenti grazie all’opera del Nucleo Carabinieri ispettorato del lavoro, al comando del maresciallo Nicola Lentini.


Le verifiche fiscali dei finanzieri della compagnia di Montecatini, diretti dal capitano Fabio Lentini, sono state poi convogliate dal pm Luigi Boccia nel filone investigativo aperto dai carabinieri della compagnia di Pistoia, al comando del capitano Vincenzo Maresca. Il ragioniere avrebbe tenuto le fila, utilizzando, come basi logistiche, il suoi studi di Montecatini e Pistoia; l’ex avvocato di Castelfranco avrebbe messo in piedi una ditta fantasma con sede presso una casella postale, a pochi passi dallo studio montecatinese di Morini, dove le Fiamme Gialle non avrebbero mai evidenziato un’attività finanziaria. Tognocchi avrebbe quindi avuto il ruolo di factotum, Donzì quello di procacciatore di ballerine per i locali, poi assunte come domestiche dalla donna pugliese. Fra i reati ipotizzati il favoreggiamento dell’ingresso di immigrati clandestini, lo sfruttamento della manodopera e la falsità ideologica indotta. 

lucia agati

 

Pistoia, 25 marzo 2010 - L’ordinanza di custodia cautelare l’ha colpito come un fulmine a ciel sereno. Il ragioniere commercialista Massimo Morini, 62 anni, non si aspettava di essere arrestato. Sapeva di essere indagato da tempo perchè nei suoi uffici di Pistoia e Montecatini gli inquirenti avevano effettuato, già due anni fa, delle perquisizioni. «Non ne posso più di queste perquizioni, se mi frulla me ne vado all’estero».

Una frase di questo tenore sarebbe stata poi intercettata dagli investigatori, a quell’epoca, e da lì il giudice delle indagini preliminari ha ritenuto sussistente il rischio di fuga, oltre a quello di reiterazione del reato, e ha quindi disposto l’ordinanza. «Ma in realtà — ha commentato ieri il suo difensore, l’avvocato Daniele Vecchi di Pistoia, che da sempre difende Morini e che più volte è riuscito a traghettarlo verso l’assoluzione dalle accuse — il fatto che lui non si sia mai mosso dalla sua abitazione è lì a dimostrare che non c’era pericolo di fuga».

Avvocato e principale indagato nell’indagine «Fictio Iuris» di Carabinieri e Finanza si preparano ad affrontare, domani, l’interrogatorio di garanzia davanti al giudice Roberto Tredici. «Morini sta affrontando, relativamente tranquillo, la situazione in carcere» fa sapere l’avvocato Vecchi che ieri mattina ha incontrato in carcere il suo assistito e poi i suoi familiari, duramente provati da questa nuova vicenza. Morini è stato arrestato martedì mattina ed è ritenuto dagli inquirenti il “referente tecnico” del gruppo che avrebbe, secondo l’accusa, messo in piedi il meccanismo di preparazione delle false documentazioni, false assunzioni e false buste paga per gli stranieri allo scopo di ottenere i permessi di soggiorno.

«I fatti — come ci ha spiegato l’avvocato Vecchi — sono relativi ai flussi degli stranieri e risalgono fino al 2003. I capi di imputazione sono venticinque, relativi ad altrettanti casi di stranieri, e per metà di questi casi il giudice ha già escluso inizi di colpevolezza. Nell’ipotesi accusatoria vi era anche un’associaizone a delinquere, non ritenuta sussistente». Potrebbero essere interrogati domani anche gli altri indagati: l’ex avvocato di Castelfranco Candido Lazzeri, difeso dall’avvocato Gianfelice Cesaretti del foro di Lucca, Jonathan Yognocchi, difeso dall’avvocato Juri Mochi di Pistoia e Prospero Donzì, difeso dall’avvocato Andrea Ceccobelli di Pistoia.

lucia agati

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Falsi permessi nei night, patteggiano

EMPOLI. Favoreggiamento dell’immigrazione clandestina e falsificazione dei documenti per far ottenere i permessi di soggiorno alle ragazze dell’Est ingaggiate come ballerine nei night.
Dovranno difendersi da queste accuse le 17 persone rinviate a giudizio nell’ambito dell’inchiesta “Dolce vita” condotta dai nuclei operativi dei carabinieri di Firenze e Montecatini culminata nell’aprile del 2005 con 18 arresti, di cui 4 ai domiciliari, e 4 obblighi di firma. Nel frattempo cinque imputati sono usciti dal processo con un patteggiamento.
Sotto processo. Per stamani è fissata la prima udienza del processo che si aprirà davanti al collegio presieduto dal giudice Eugenia Di Falco. Agli imputati viene contestata anche l’associazione a delinquere. Stando a procura e carabinieri al vertice dell’organizzazione ci sarebbero stati gli Zaffora, il padre Francesco, 49 anni, e i figli Giuseppe, 26 e Antonio 27, originari di Palermo, ma residenti a Massa Cozzile, all’epoca dei fatti titolari di una società che gestiva i night Papillon a Monsummano e Akbar a Porto Azzurro sull’Isola d’Elba.
 Nel ruolo di consulenti per la fornitura di documenti da presentare a questure e prefetture per la regolarizzazione delle ragazze, il commercialista pistoiese Massimo Morini, 50 anni, con studio a Pieve a Nievole e Stefano Nardini, 34 anni, di Lerici, praticante legale, che nel dicembre 2003 venne arrestato una prima volta dopo essere stato trovato con timbri e permessi di soggiorno falsi da vendere a due russe.
 L’altro livello dell’organizzazione, quello che teneva i contatti con le entreneuse, sarebbe stato composto dal rumeno Alexendre Florescu, 30 anni, domiciliato tra la Valdinievole e la Valdelsa come il connazionale Marius Coca Jonut, 29 anni, domiciliato a Castelfiorentino; Stefano Bianchi, 53 anni, di Livorno, gestore di night ed ex socio del circolo Orkidea di Pescia; Giuseppe Devotella, 29 anni, di San Gimignano; Antonino Labianca, 63 anni, di Monsummano; Kirily Reim, 36 anni, estone, residente a Montecatini; Andrey Antalee, 50 anni, rumeno senza fissa dimora così come il connazionale Adam Luis, 33 anni, arrestato nelle scorse settimane; Alfonso Briganti, 46 anni, di Viareggio, titolare nella stessa città dell’agenzia Karisma e impresario di ballerine di night; Enrico Calisto, 38 anni, di Montecatini; Raffaele Penna, 30 anni, di Monsummano; Antonio Ruggiero, 26 anni, di Ponte Buggianese.
 Patteggiamenti. Hanno chiuso la loro disavventura giudiziaria davanti al gup Roberto Tredici cinque indagati con il patteggiamento di pene variabili da un anno e 4 mesi a 2 anni. Sono Sandu Anisoara, rumeno; l’ex maresciallo dei carabinieri all’epoca dei fatti in servizio a Empoli, Pino Pitocchi, 43 anni, da tempo uscito dall’Arma; Toni Iannotta, 39 anni, di Monsummano; Salvatore Arena, 51 anni, di Montecatini; Dino Borgioli, 60 anni, albergatore di Capraia e Limite con hotel a Incisa Valdarno.
 L’accusa. Secondo l’accusa l’organizzazione, in contatto con gruppi criminali soprattutto in Romania, Estonia e Russia, riforniva di ragazze ogni quindici giorni vari circoli privati e night club della Valdinievole, di Livorno, della Versilia, ma anche nelle Marche e in Campania.
 Le entreneuse venivano fatte arrivare in Italia in pullman. Costavano all’organizzazione 250 euro a testa e per regolarizzarle (avevano il visto turistico ma lavoravano) venivano fabbricati falsi permessi di soggiorno.
Pietro Barghigiani

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Targeted ?

 

When faced with a situation in which you know you are being attacked, but the source of the attack remains unclear, methods must be developed to flush out those responsible.  In the world of espionage, it is common to use a "tracer".  This involves introducing elements, be it phrases, names, dates, places, etc., that are meaningless in themselves but if they are reproduced anywhere, the path they have followed becomes apparent.  Similar to placing a dye into water to determine the path the water follows downstream, this can be very powerful tool to reveal the flow of information.

A second very powerful tool is the "hand grenade".  This tool allows you to determine how a subject or group responds to given situations.  An example would be informing someone that certain acts were illegal, then watching how they deal with particular "grenade".  This reveals the character of the people you are dealing with and allows you to develop appropriate responses to their actions.

One such "hand grenade" was handed to the UK Home Office (in 2009 under Labour) under the guise of MI6 being involved in drug dealing in the UK and harassing the target as he was a witness.  This was designed to flush out those behind the attacks, but it resulted in something quite unexpected.

Within weeks, the target started to feel strange.  Whilst at work, intense sensations, difficulty breathing, problems concentrating, progressively reading into things, connecting too many dots and having their attention draw to little things in order to corrupt their worldview led to the target resigning from their job and vanishing...

 

 Read more here : http://deepthought.newsvine.com/_news/2011/05/22/6656063-can-a-satellite-read-your-thoughts-the-targets-story-part-2

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FREEDOM FIGHTERS FOR AMERICA
                                     "FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM AND LIBERTY"     http://www.freedomfightersforamerica.com 
                                                
BECAUSE OF ALL THE NOISE VICTIMS HAVE MADE, REGARDING THE MK ULTRA LIKE PROGRAM. STILL AND NOW BEING USED ON CITIZENS.
OBAMA AND COHORTS, SET UP THE BIOETHICS COMMITTEE TO SHOW THEY ARE CONCERNED WITH HUMAN RIGHTS.

THIS COULD NOT BE MORE OPPOSITE OF THEIR LIES. WHILE CITIZENS ARE TARGETED WITH DIRECTED ENERGY, LASER AND SOUND WEAPONS, COVERTLY IMPLANTED MEDICAL IMPLANTS ( BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE)( SYNTHET,IC TELEPATHY), ORGANIZED STALKING. AND AN ARRAY OF COUNTER INTELLIGENCE TACTICS.

STILL THE  US GOVERNMENT IS WORKING WITH ORGANIZED CRIME (UNIONS) IN ASASSINATING CITIZENS.

READ THIS LETTER FROM THIS COMMITTEE. IT IS NOT CONCERNED WITH SERIOUS
BIO ETHICS VIOLATIONS, THEIR RECOMMENDATIONS TO A LEGITIMATE JUDICIARY SYSTEM WOULD CAUSE A CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION, IN CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY. SO THEIR COVERUP CONTINUES TO KILL INNOCENT, MEN,WOMEN,CHILDREN, ANIMALS.

ITS PAST TIME TO END THESE CRIMES!!!   READ THIS PITIFFUL RESPONSE TO THE PLEAS OF VICTIMS
http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/20696174/95429995/name/PCSBI.pdf
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OAKLAND, Calif. (CN) - A federal judge granted the CIA's request to be dismissed from a case in which U.S. veterans say the government used them as human guinea pigs in Cold War-era drug experiments. The veterans can't sue the CIA because they can't prove they took "secrecy oaths," U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken ruled.
     Vietnam Veterans of America filed a class action against the Army and CIA in 2009, claiming that at least 7,800 soldiers had been used as guinea pigs in "Project Paperclip."
     Soldiers were administered at least 250 and as many as 400 types of drugs, among them Sarin, one of the most deadly drugs known, amphetamines, barbiturates, mustard gas, phosgene gas and LSD.
     Using tactics it often attributed to the Soviet enemy, the U.S. government sought drugs to control human behavior, cause confusion, promote weakness or temporary loss of hearing and vision, induce hypnosis and enhance a person's ability to withstand torture.
     The veterans say that some soldiers died, and others suffered seizures and paranoia.
     The CIA sought summary judgment and dismissal, claiming the Vietnam Veterans' remaining claim on the validity of "secrecy oaths" had no merit.
     The agency claimed the veterans "have not identified any service member who purportedly had such an oath with the CIA" and do not have "specific facts to support this claim at the time they filed their complaint (or at the present time)." (Parentheses in original.)
     "This record makes clear that plaintiffs have never seriously pursued their 'secrecy oath' claim against the CIA," Justice Department attorney Kimberly Herb wrote for the CIA. "Due to the absence of allegations concerning the CIA with regard to this sole remaining claim and plaintiffs' own admissions that they do not have specific facts to support it, the CIA has repeatedly asked plaintiffs to voluntarily withdraw the claim."
     Herb added: "With regard to the seven individual plaintiffs, the Third Amended Complaint devotes over eighty paragraphs to their individual claims, but not once does it ever allege that one of them has or had a secrecy oath with the CIA. ...
     "The only other allegations in the Third Amended Complaint regarding the nature of the secrecy oaths allegedly administered to test participants not only fail to mention the CIA, but also make clear that plaintiffs are alleging that [the Department of Defense] was responsible for the administration of such oaths." document.ico
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