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Five Things You Should Know AboutJudge Sonia Sotomayor and Disability RightsJudge Sonia Sotomayor, President Obama's first nominee to the United States Supreme Court, understands that disability rights are civil rights.As a judge on both the district court and circuit court, she has demonstrated that she recognizes the importance of Congress' role in enacting major disability rights laws, including the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).The Bazelon Center and other disability organizations support her nomination and ask you to help ensure her confirmation by the Senate.The laws mentioned above protect the civil rights of people with disabilities by requiring that they have equal opportunities in work and at school, and that they have equal access to government services and public accommodations, like stores, restaurants, theaters and sporting events. The care that Judge Sotomayor has taken in her decisions under these laws indicates a respect for Congress' intent to protect individuals with disabilities from such discrimination. And she is not afraid to take bold positions to ensure that Congress's laws protecting disability rights are upheld.Judge Sotomayor understands that the ADA protects millions of people with disabilities.Over the years many judges have taken an extremely narrow view of whether people with disabilities like cancer, diabetes, epilepsy and many mental illnesses were covered by the ADA. Last year, Congress had to amend the ADA to make it clear that people with disabilities like these are protected. Judge Sotomayor has a record of looking at all of the facts to ensure that she makes the right decision about whether a plaintiff is protected by the ADA.Judge Sotomayor knows how important special education is to students with disabilities and their families.Special education consists of critical specialized instruction and services for students with disabilities who need these supports to succeed in school and life. Judge Sotomayor has acknowledged that when families and schools disagree about what services are appropriate, a student's success in school hangs in the balance and, as a result, such disagreements should be resolved as soon as possible. In one case, Judge Sotomayor held that parents can place their child in an alternative setting and get reimbursed for the cost of appropriate services if the public school fails to provide them. This year the Supreme Court agreed with Judge Sotomayor's position when it decided the Forest Grove case.Judge Sotomayor knows that people with disabilities have a right to privacy.Under the ADA, employees are protected from having personal information disclosed to people who don't need to know about it. Judge Sotomayor has affirmed this, stating that employers should not be able to "monitor … [or] control … the health of their employees [or] the most intimate aspects of their off-duty lives."Judge Sotomayor knows that people with disabilities are entitled to lead independent lives, just like everyone else.Sometimes people make assumptions about individuals with disabilities based on stereotypes of helplessness. Judge Sotomayor understands that this is wrong. Arguing that it was wrong to appoint a guardian ad litem (a person appointed by the court to protect the interests of someone who is incapacitated) for a plaintiff who had been released from a psychiatric hospital, she determined that, at the least, the plaintiff should have been given adequate notice that, "if … a guardian ad litem was appointed, she would lose all authority to make decisions concerning her own case."Judge Sotomayor understands that court rulings have consequences.Judge Sotomayor understands that her decisions in disability rights cases have consequences for people with disabilities. In a case about whether a person with a learning disability should get accommodations to take the bar exam so she could earn her right to practice law, Judge Sotomayor wrote that the plaintiff "struggled through three laborious years of law school-at no small fiscal or psychic cost. To tell her now that she is free to go and practice another profession, or to return to her prior field … would not be consistent with the remedial goals that Congress intended in passing the ADA."In addition to her extensive legal expertise, Judge Sotomayor's life experience makes her uniquely qualified to be a disability rights champion on the Supreme Court. Unlike any other Supreme Court justice in recent memory, Judge Sotomayor has publicly acknowledged that she has a disability-insulin-treated diabetes. Her life experience with diabetes makes her uniquely qualified to help her colleagues on the Supreme Court understand the importance of the protections in the ADA and other disability rights laws to people with disabilities.For these reasons, we think Judge Sotomayor can be a champion for disability rights. The Bazelon Center and many other disability organizations have signed onto a letter supporting her nomination.What You Can DoWe need a disability rights champion on the Supreme Court. The Senate Judiciary Committee will begin hearings on her nomination next week. If you agree, please phone or write to your Senators - particularly if they are members of the committee (listed below) - to ask them to confirm Judge Sotomayor for the Supreme Court. (To email, use the form provided on the Senator's website.)Members of the Senate Judiciary CommitteePatrick J. Leahy (D-VT), chair, (202) 224-4242, leahy.senate.govHerbert Kohl (D-WI), (202) 224-5653, kohl.senate.govDianne Feinstein (D-CA), (202) 224-3841, feinstein.senate.govRuss Feingold (D-WI), (202) 224-5323, feingold.senate.govCharles Schumer (D-NY), (202) 224-6542, schumer.senate.govRichard Durbin (D-IL), (202) 224-2152, durbin.senate.govBenjamin Cardin (D-MD), (202) 224-4524, cardin.senate.govSheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), (202) 224-2921, whitehouse.senate.govRon Wyden, D-OR), (202) 224-5244, wyden.senate.govAmy Klobuchar (D-MN), (202) 224-3244, klobuchar.senate.govTed Kaufman (D-DE), (202) 224-5042, kaufman.senate.govArlen Specter (D-PA), (202) 224-4254, specter.senate.govJeff Sessions (R-AL), ranking member, (202) 224-4124, sessions.senate.govOrrin Hatch (R-UT), (202) 224-5251, hatch.senate.govCharles Grassley (R-IA), (202) 224-3744, grassley.senate.govJon Kyl (R-AZ), (202) 224-4521, kyl.senate.govLindsey Graham (R-SC), (202) 224-5972, lgraham.senate.govJohn Cornyn (R-TX), (202) 224-2934, cornyn.senate.govTom Coburn (R-OK), (202) 224-5754, coburn.senate.govTo find contact information for other Senators, go to www.senate.gov.See a review of Judge Sotomayor's decisions involving disability rights.ALL RESULTS1-10 of 35,900,000 results·AdvancedSponsored sitesDisability Attorneys- www.frankelnewfield.comHaving problems collecting disability insurance benefits? Call us.Disability Lawyers- http://www.theerisalawgroup.comFor insurance claims, appeals, lawsuits. Pay us only when you win.Apply for Disability Now- www.social.security.disability.tvFast, Free Online Social Security Disability Benefits EvaluationThe Council for Disability RightsAdvancing rights and enhancing lives for people with disabilities in Chicago, Illinois. Articles on advocating for yourself and coping with the system.www.disabilityrights.org · Cached pageDisability rights movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe disability rights movement aims to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. For people with physical disabilities accessibility and safety are primary issues ...History · Physical disabilities · Developmental ... · Personalitiesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_rights · Enhanced viewDisability Rights & ResourcesAdvocacy - Community Integration - Independent Living Skills - Information and Referral - Peer Mentoringwww.disability-rights.org · Cached pageA Guide to Disability Rights LawsA Guide to Disability Rights Laws . September 2005 . TABLE OF CONTENTS. Americans with Disabilities Act Telecommunications Act Fair Housing Act Air Carrier Access Actwww.ada.gov/cguide.htm · Cached pageDisability Rights AdvocatesDRA is a non-profit law firm dedicated to protecting and advancing the civil rights of people with disabilities.www.dralegal.org · Cached pageDisability rights : Directgov - Disabled peopleInformation on rights for disabled people, including the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), the definition of disability and the Equality and Human Rights Commissionwww.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/RightsAndObligations/DisabilityRights/index.htm · Cached pageDisability Rights Homepage - Australian Human Rights CommissionThe Australian Human Rights Commission website provides information on a wide variety of Human Rights issues; including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice ...www.hreoc.gov.au/disability_rights · Cached pageDisability Rights CommissionYou have reached a registered domain name which belongs to one of our customers.www.drc-gb.org · Cached pageNational Disability Rights Network - HomeNationwide network of congressionally mandated, legally based disability rights agencies.www.napas.org · Cached pageAmerican Civil Liberties Union : Disability Rights ... Evidence of the Americans with Disabilities Act is everywhere: handicap parking spaces, Braille instructions on ATM's, and ramps built into sidewalks.www.aclu.org/disability/index.html · Cached page
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TAKE ACTION ON Tell President Obama to raise human rights issues with Russian President Medvedev!http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/1312/t/9050/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27550 TAKE ACTION ON The letter below seeks the removal of John Rizzo from the CIA and of Jonathan Fredman from the office of the National Director of Intelligence. For more infomation see: Press Conference Urging Torture Accountability for CIA Lawyershttp://org2.democracyinaction.org/o/5851/t/6247/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=817&utm_source=Direct+No%20Google%20Tracking&utm_medium=Redirect TAKE ACTION ONHelp President Obama make history againHelp President Obama make history again TAKE ACTION ON Sign the Congratulations Card to Al Frankenhttp://action.walmartwatch.com/page/speakout/stories TAKE ACTION ONhttp://ga6.org/campaign/single_payer/8xu55xnrq73bn7m8? TAKE ACTION ON Help Support Single-Payerhttp://act.peaceactionwest.org/peaceactionwest/issues/alert/?alertid=13626156 TAKE ACTION ON Ask President Obama to put his vision in writing.Obama's Nuclear Posture Review will set US nuclear weapons policy for the next decade, and it's a chance to make the goal of a nuclear weapons free world official US policy.http://capwiz.com/helptheuninsured/issues/alert/?alertid=13632946&type=CO TAKE ACTION ON Tell Congress to Get Health Reform Righthttp://ga3.org/campaign/GEtrees/8egn8w72vjx563dt? TAKE ACTION ON USDA Poised to Approve Widespread, Risky Field Trial of GE Treeshttps://secure3.convio.net/ucs/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=2077 TAKE ACTION ON Share Your Disappointment in Your Representative's Vote Against a Clean Energy Futurehttp://action.earthjustice.org/campaign/kensington_0709/iiui77s4077je68t? 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TAKE ACTION ON RE: Support for HR 2454http://momsrising.democracyinaction.org/o/1768/t/1546/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27282 TAKE ACTION ON Tell Congress we want real healthcare reform!http://www.avaaz.org/en/time_to_global_zero/?cl=268553100&v=3599 TAKE ACTION ON Nuclear weapons: Global Zero is cominghttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/614/t/8652/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=1178 TAKE ACTION ON Demand Bold Climate Solutionshttp://www.ahrchk.net/ua/support.php?ua=UAC-069-2009 TAKE ACTION ON> PAKISTAN: A young man is tortured and killed by alleged intelligence agents on the UN day against torture> PHILIPPINES: Soldiers threaten, intimidates three labour rights defenders> PAKISTAN: An Air Force personnel arbitrarily detained for 16 months, tortured and retrenched without legal benefits> INDONESIA: Police officers severely torture a man and shoot him, making impossible claims that he had been trying to escape> INDONESIA: Police torture a man after illegally arresting and detaining him twice> THAILAND: Break-ins of cars in Bangkok and threats to human rights defender and family> INDIA: Please provide medical care for the malnourished children not only at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre but also within the villages, Madhya Pradesh> INDIA: Murder of Priyokumar and Keshorjit in Chandel, Manipur must be investigated> SRI LANKA: The case of two missing men has still not been investigated almost one year after their abduction by alleged CID agents> Re: PHILIPPINES: Please immediately conduct an investigation into the actions of the Sixth Infantry Division regarding food blockades and house arson in Maguindanaohttp://americasvoiceonline.org/page/speakout/Roadmap TAKE ACTION ON Ask Washington for a Road Map, Now!https://secure2.convio.net/psr/site/Advocacy?pagename=homepage&page=UserAction&id=375&autologin=true&JServSessionIdr010=slanvss251.app7b TAKE ACTION ON Ask Congress to Speak Out for Nuclear Disarmamenthttp://www.truemajority.org/callin/special/house_sen.php?callid=5&district=MS03&email=metricclay@hotmail.com TAKE ACTION ON Call Congress now for a public optionhttp://act.credoaction.com/campaign/climate_bill/?r=4005&id=4695-945900-T0LoK1x TAKE ACTION ON Why did you let Big Coal ruin the climate bill?http://action.americanrightsatwork.org/campaign/chipotle/wnixdeb2r7353w6b? 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Support the Ethical Business Conduct in Higher Ed Act!https://secure.aclu.org/site/SPageServer?pagename=Nat_Petition_RestoreReligiousLiberty&s_src=UNN090001ACT&s_subsrc=MC_ty&JServSessionIdr011=gn8v1aqi74.app26a TAKE ACTION ON Hold the President to His Promise and Restore Religious Liberty!http://americasvoiceonline.org/page/speakout/Roadmap TAKE ACTION ON Ask Washington for a Road Map, Now!https://secure3.convio.net/acscan/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=4493 TAKE ACTION ON On health care reform, this is what we stand forhttp://capwiz.com/atr/issues/alert/?alertid=13620781&queueid=[capwiz:queue_id] TAKE ACTION ONhttp://www.democrats.org/page/content/votingrights TAKE ACTION ON Breaking news on voting rightshttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/2167/t/5243/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27477 TAKE ACTION ON Tell Congress: Strengthen Climate Billhttps://secure2.edf.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=1612 TAKE ACTION ON Take Action to Save America's Fisherieshttp://action.humanrightsfirst.org/campaign/UribeObama/wbxi53x2h7xx667x? TAKE ACTION ON Tell President Obama to Stand Up for Human Rights in Colombiahttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/625/t/8560/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=1145&tag=LAWGalert1 TAKE ACTION ON Colombia's President Uribe Is Set to Visit the White House: Tell President Obama to Make Human Rights a Priority!http://ga1.org/campaign/0906capandtradetaxhike/86ksi7srf7xx6k57? TAKE ACTION ON Don't Let Congress Sneak Through a $2 Trillion Climate Tax!http://capwiz.com/wagingpeace/issues/alert/?alertid=13604796 TAKE ACTION ON Fund Nuclear Cleanup, Not Obsolete Fighter Jetshttps://secure2.convio.net/wwf/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=335 TAKE ACTION ON Vote Yes on H.R. 2454 - The American Clean Energy and Security Acthttp://audubonaction.org/campaign/hr39_111th/ TAKE ACTION ON Protect the Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refugehttp://capwiz.com/pdamerica/issues/alert/?alertid=13605531 TAKE ACTION ON Overhaul or Scrap ACESAhttp://capwiz.com/nami/issues/alert/?alertid=13610341 TAKE ACTION ON Help Us Improve Re-entry Support for People with Serious Mental Illnesshttp://capwiz.com/clw/issues/alert/?alertid=13610041&type=CO TAKE ACTION ON Votes on Missile Defense This Week - Contact Congress Now!http://www.democrats.com/afghan-exit-petition?cid=ZGVtczEwMTA4NGRlbXM= TAKE ACTION ON Afghanistan Exit Strategyhttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/727/t/3823/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27492 TAKE ACTION ON Urge your Congressperson to vote YES on the McGovern-Sestak-Bishop (GA)-Lewis (GA) amendment!http://capwiz.com/fconl/callalert/index.tt?alertid=13604456 TAKE ACT ION ON No More F-22s: Call Your Rep. Nowhttp://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=JgmA8yVlq9tOgYMSLW5LXw_3d_3d&c=4300540 TAKE ACTION ON Please take a couple minutes to answer a few short questions. Your feedback will help us improve the Divided We Fail coalition – and our communications with you. Your privacy is extremely important to us and your personal information will be kept strictly confidential.June 23, 2009http://www.capwiz.com/freedomworks/issues/alert/?alertid=13580196 TAKE ACTION ON Stop Soda Tax for Government-Run Healthcarehttp://komenpolicy.org/campaign/health_reform1/8kb87id4ojxn7kni? TAKE ACTION ON Make Sure Congress Considers Cancerhttp://www.frontlinedefenders.org/actAct Now!Across the globe human rights defenders face various forms of persecution in their everyday struggle for human rightsIn Honduras an anonymous tip off alerts members of Cofadeh that their Director Bertha Oliva, and other prominent human rights defenders, are on a death list.In Armenia Mr Arshaluys Hakobyan of the Helsinki Association is taken into custody and beaten.In Thailand Ms Angkhana Neelaphaijit who is the chairperson of the Working Group on Justice and Peace (WGJP) and wife of the missing human rights lawyer, Somchai Neelaphaijit, who disappeared on 12 March 2004 in Bangkok, is subjected to an ongoing campaign of harassment and intimidation.These few cases are typical of the thousands of human rights defenders who dedicate their lives and risk their personal security in defence of the rights of others.Your support will help them to create more just and equal societies for all. These are the people with the power to change the world.Send an international appeal and you can help protect human rights defendersHad it not been for Front Line, who would have been my refuge and safety?"- Thompson Ade Bayor, lawyer and human rights defender, LiberiaBecome a Front Line defender sign up to receive Front Line actions, by email.Urgent CasesVietnam: Human rights lawyer Mr Le Cong Dinh arrestedPosted on 2009/06/19Front Line and the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, a joint programme of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), express their concern regarding the arbitrary arrest of human rights lawyer Mr. Le Cong Dinh on 13 June 2009.arrest detention Front Line human rights human rights defender Mr Le Cong DinhAsia PacificEthiopia: Threat to civil society from draft anti-terrorism legislation currently before parliamentPosted on 2009/06/19Draft anti-terrorism legislation currently pending before the Ethiopian parliament is a threat to civil society. The current draft of the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation is not in conformity with a number of international human rights norms and, alongside its proclaimed anti-terrorism aim, may become a tool to further silence dissenting voices in the country.anti-terrorism legislation human rights Human Rights DefendersEthiopiaMexico: Intimidating surveillance of members of the Centro de Derechos Humanos Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas in ChiapasPosted on 2009/06/18Recent reports from members of the Centro de Derechos Humanos Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas, AC (Frayba) in Chiapas indicate disturbing levels of intimidating surveillance by unidentified individuals between 14 and 16 June 2009.- Frayba Centro de Derechos Humanos Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas Front Line Human Rights DefendersMexicoThe Gambia: Arrest of seven journalists for fighting impunity and expressing press freedom concernsPosted on 2009/06/18The arrest of seven journalists from the Gambia Press Union (GPU) and the newspapers The Point and Foroyaa on 15 June in Banjul highlights the threat to freedom of expression in The Gambia. Those arrested include Mr Emil Touray, GPU general secretary; Ms Sarata Jabbi-Dibba, GPU vice president; Mr Pa Modou Faal, GPU treasurer; Mr Pap Saine and Mr Ebrima Sawaneh, respectively The Point managing editor and news editor; Mr Sam Sarr and Mr Abubacarr Saidykhan, respectively Foroyaa editor and reporter.Front Line human rights Human Rights Defenders journalists arrestedIran: Abdolfattah Soltani and other prominent human rights defenders arrested during government clamp-downPosted on 2009/06/18The arrest of human rights lawyer Mr Abdolfattah Soltani on 16 June 2009 during a mass arrest that also included many other human rights defenders raises serious concerns for the security of prominent human rights defenders.arrested Front Line Human Rights Defenders Mr Abdolfattah SoltaniIranHonduras: Death threats against human rights defenders, Ms Bertha Oliva de Nativí, Mr Carlos H Reyes and Mr Rafael AlegríaPosted on 2009/06/15Front Line is deeply concerned following reports of harassment, defamation and death threats against human rights defenders Ms Bertha Oliva de Nativí, Mr Carlos H Reyes and Mr Rafael Alegría.death threats Front Line human rights Human Rights Defenders Mr Carlos H Reyes Mr Rafael Alegría Ms Bertha Oliva de NativíHondurasMexico: Threats against human rights lawyer Mr Rommel Caín Chacan Pale and his familyPosted on 2009/06/15Front Line is deeply concerned following reports that human rights defender Mr Rommel Caín Chacan Pale and his family received threats on 5 June 2009. Rommel Caín Chacan Pale is a human rights lawyer and member of the Civil Police Monitor based in Tlapa de Comonfort in the La Montaña region of Guerrero.Front Line human rights human rights defender Mr Rommel Caín Chacan Pale and his family threatsMexicoArmenia: Arrest, beating and detention of human rights defender Mr Arshaluys HakobyanPosted on 2009/06/15Front Line is deeply concerned following reports that human rights defender, Mr Arshaluys Hakobyan, was arrested and beaten in Kentron District Police Department, Yerevan, on 5 June 2009. Arshaluys Hakobyan is a member of the human rights organisation, Helsinki Association, and the press photographer for their official web site.beating detention Front Line human rights human rights defender Mr Arshaluys HakobyanEurope and Central AsiaUAE: Judicial harassment and travel ban imposed on human rights defender Dr Mohammed al-MansooriPosted on 2009/06/15Front Line is concerned following reports that human rights defender Dr Mohammed al-Mansoori was arrested in Abu-Dhabi on 7 June 2009, and also continues to be the subject of a travel ban.Dr. Mohammed al-Mansoori Front Line Annual Report human rights human rights defender judicial harassment travel banUnited Arab Emirates (UAE)Thailand: Intimidation of human rights defender Ms Angkhana NeelaphaijitPosted on 2009/06/15Front Line is deeply concerned following reports of the recent intimidation of human rights defender Ms Angkhana Neelaphaijit. Angkhana Neelaphaijit is the chairperson of the Working Group on Justice and Peace (WGJP) and wife of the missing human rights lawyer, Somchai Neelaphaijit, who disappeared on 12 March 2004 in Bangkok.Angkhana Neelaphaijit Front Line human rights human rights defender intimidationThailandThe Philippines: Detention and torture of human rights defenders Mr Rafael Limcumpao, Mr Domingo Alcantara and Mr Archie BathanPosted on 2009/06/15Front Line is deeply concerned following reports of the arbitrary arrest, detention and torture of the human rights defenders Mr Archie Bathan, Mr Rafael Limcumpao and Mr Domingo Alcantara, in Samal, Bataan on 27 May 2009.detention Front Line human rights Human Rights Defenders Mr Archie Bathan Mr Domingo Alcantara Rafael Limcumpao torturePhilippinesIndia/Shillong Meghalaya: Harassment, assault and threats against human rights defender Ms Hasina KharbhihPosted on 2009/06/04Front Line is deeply concerned following reports that human rights defender, Ms Hasina Kharbhih, was assaulted and threatened on her way to the District Council Court in Shillong Meghalaya, on 28 May 2009. Hasina Kharbhih is the team leader of Impulse NGO Network which works to combat human trafficking in North East India.Front Line harassment Hasina Kharbhih human rights human rights defender Impulse NGO Network intimidationIndiaIsrael: Judicial harassment of Israeli human rights defender Mr Ezra NawiPosted on 2009/06/03Front Line is concerned following reports of the judicial harassment of Israeli human rights defender, Mr Ezra Nawi, who has been accused of assaulting an Israeli border police officer.Ezra Nawi Front Line human rights human rights defender judicial harassmentIsraelIndia/Tamil Nadu: human rights defender Mr Marimuthu Barathan arrested on false accusations of murderPosted on 2009/06/03Front Line would like to express its grave concern in relation to reports of the arrest and detention of human rights defender Mr Marimuthu Barathan, and of false charges of murder that have been brought against him on 27 May 2009.arrest false accusations of murder Front Line human rights human rights defender Tamil NaduIndiaKenya: Murder of human rights defender, Mr Joab Murefu WanyonyiPosted on 2009/06/02Front Line strongly condemns the murder of human rights defender, Mr Joab Murefu Wanyonyi by two armed men, on 21 May 2009, at Kanduyi junction, 2 kilometres from Bungoma town.Front Line human rights Human Rights Defenders Joab Murefu Wanyonyi MurderKenyaTunisia: Harassment of human rights lawyer, Ms Radhia NasraouiPosted on 2009/05/29Front Line is deeply concerned following reports of the ongoing harassment of human rights defender Ms Radhia Nasraoui. Radhia Nasraoui is a human rights lawyer and chairperson of the Association de lutte contre la torture en Tunisie, ALTT (Association against torture in Tunisia).Front Line harassment human rights human rights defender Radhia NasraouiTunisiaMexico: Death threats against human rights defender and journalist Ms Lydia Cacho RibeiroPosted on 2009/05/29Front Line is deeply concerned following reports that human rights defender and journalist, Ms Lydia Cacho Ribeiro, has recently been under surveillance by unknown armed men and has also been receiving death threats.death threats Front Line human rights human rights defendere intimidation LGBTI rights Ms Lydia Cacho Ribeiro surveillanceMexicoNigeria: Threats against members of Global Rights and Development InternationalPosted on 2009/05/29Front Line is concerned following reports that human rights defenders Rev Engr Rufus Duru, Dr Donatus Akubueze, Mr Remigius Alakwem and Rev John Ugwu have recently been the target of repeated physical attacks, threats and intimidation.Development International Front Line Global Rights harassment human rights Human Rights Defenders intimidationNigeriaTurkey: Human rights defender Ms Filiz Kalayci re-arrestedPosted on 2009/05/29Front Line is concerned following reports that human rights lawyer, Ms Filiz Kalayci, was arrested on 27 May 2009. Filiz Kalayci has been working on human rights violations in prisons and on the improvement of prison conditions. She is a member of the executive committee of the Human Rights Association (IHD).arrest Front Line human rights defender human rights lawyer inspection of prisons Ms Filiz KalayciTurkeyPadre Tamayo - HondurasPosted on 2009/05/28Padre Tamayo is one of the leaders of the Environmental Movement of Olancho (MAO) in Honduras. MAO wants to prevent the illegal stripping of the forests which results in the drying up of the rivers and the impoverishment of the land. Because they challenge powerful economic interests the members of MAO are regularly targeted. In 2007 Heraldo Zuñiga and Roger Ivan Cartagena were assassinated. Rene Gradis Coordinator of Mao has survived two attempts on his life while Padre Tamayo who is Advisor to the group has a contract of $40,000 on his head.Front Line Honduras human rights Human Rights Defenders Padre TamayoHondurasBertha Oliva - HondurasPosted on 2009/05/27On the night of 3 July 2008, unknown individuals entered the offices of COFADEH (the Committee for Families of the Disappeared and Detainees) and vandalised the office, taking laptop computers and documents relating to current human rights cases.Bertha Oliva Front Line Honduras human rights Human Rights DefendersHondurasShikhine Brahim - Western SaharaPosted on 2009/05/26Front Line is deeply concerned by the news of the on-going detention of Saharwi human rights defender Shikhin Brahim. According to information received, as Front Line was visiting the region, on 21 September 2008, a group of Western Saharan activists, which included human rights defenders, organised a peaceful demonstration in the town of Smara, following which the Moroccan security services launched a campaign of arbitrary arrests of several defenders and attacked several homes. While Front Line welcomes the release of nearly all of those arrested, Shikhine Brahim reportedly remains in detention at the El-Áaiun prison. Shikhine Brahim is a school student and member of the Committee for The Protection of Human Rights in Smara, Western Sahara.Front Line human rights human rights defender Shikhin Brahim Western SaharaWestern SaharaLachit Bordoloi - IndiaPosted on 2009/05/26Lachit Bordoloi is a journalist and adviser of Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti (MASS), an organisation working to defend human rights in the Assam region. With other representatives of civil society he was invited to join the People’s Committee for Peace Initiatives in Assam (PCPIA) and is a member of the People’s Consultative Group (PCG), an organisation set up to initiate peace discussions between the Indian Government and the United Liberation Front of Assam.Front Line human rights Human Rights Defenders India Lachit BordoloiIndiaHebal Abel Koloy - IndiaPosted on 2009/05/26Hebal Abel Koloy is Chairperson of the Borok People’s Human Rights Organisation (BPHRO), which protects the rights of the Borok indigenous people of Tripura. He has been very vocal about atrocities and human rights abuses and has spoken at various international fora. He has been targeted because of the pressure this brought on the Government.Front Line Hebal Abel Koloy human rights Human Rights Defenders IndiaIndiaDinko Gruhonic - SerbiaPosted on 2009/05/26Human rights defenders in Serbia believe that right wing Serbian nationalists have not given up their territorial and political ambitions and that their next target will be the multi ethnic areas such as Vojvodina, traditionally one of the most progressive and tolerant areas of Serbia.Dinko Gruhonic Front Line. human rights Human Rights Defenders SerbiaSerbiaMajda Puača - SerbiaPosted on 2009/05/26In Serbia members of the gay and lesbian community who speak out publicly are targeted by the media and run the risk of physical attack. Majda Puača is a member of Queer Belgrade. There has been no Gay Pride in Belgrade since 2001 because of the risk of violence. Since then Queer Belgrade has organised a Queer Festival which is not publicised in the media to avoid the risk of violence. The purpose is to create a safe space in which gay and lesbian people can collect safely.Front Line human rights human rights defender Majda Puača SerbiaSerbiaAl-Amin Kimathi - KenyaPosted on 2009/05/26Al-Amin Kimathi is the Executive Coordinator of the Muslim Human Rights Forum which was set up in 2005 to work on human rights issues relevant to the Muslim community in Kenya. With the escalation of the war in Somalia, the influx of Somali refugees and the clamp down on members of the Muslim community in the name of the “war on terror”, rendition became the key issue.Al-Amin Kimathi Front Line human rights Human Rights Defenders KenyaKenyaNjeri Kabeberi - KenyaPosted on 2009/05/26Njeri Kabeberi is the Executive of Director for the Centre for Multi Party Democracy in Nairobi. The CMD-Kenya works to build the capacity and organisational structure of political parties as a way of underpinning democracy and human rights.Front Line human rights human rights defender Kenya Njeri KabeberiKenyaMexico: Detention and assault of LGBTI human rights defenders Mr Jaime Lopez Vela and Mr Agustín Estrada NegretePosted on 2009/05/25Front Line is deeply concerned following reports that LGBTI human rights defenders, Mr Jaime Lopez Vela and Mr Agustín Estrada Negrete, were arrested and physically assaulted by police in the State of Mexico on 7 May 2009, and that Agustín Estrada Negrete was also sexually assaulted.Agustin Estraeda Negrete arrest Front Line Human Rights Defenders Jaime Lopez Vela LGBTI Mexico physical assaultMexicoDRC: Murder of brother of human rights defender, Ms Anicette Kabala, and intimidation and death threats against herPosted on 2009/05/22Front Line is deeply concerned following reports that human rights defender Ms Anicette Kabala has been the subject of intimidation and death threats and that her brother, Lupango Kabala, was murdered in their home in the town of Kalemie, Katanga province, on 8 May 2009.death threats DRC Front Line human rights human rights defender intimidation Ms Anicette KabalaDemocratic Republic of Congomore
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MSN Tracking ImageMSNBC.comhttp://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31586660/ns/us_news-faith/?GT1=43001Pastor welcomes guns in churchUnloaded weapons allowed at event celebrating Second AmendmentThe Associated Pressupdated 11:27 p.m. CT, Sat., June 27, 2009LOUISVILLE, Ky. - A gun-toting Kentucky pastor says it's OK to bring weapons to church — at least for one day.Ken Pagano asked his flock to bring their unloaded handguns — in holsters — to New Bethel Church in Louisville for a celebration of the Second Amendment of the U.S. Consitution that guarantees the right to bear arms.More than 200 people answered his call. There was just one rule for the several dozen who brought their guns along: No bullets."We are wanting to send a message that there are legal, civil, intelligent and law-abiding citizens who also own guns," Pagano said during the 90-minute event, which was open to the public. "If it were not for a deep-seated belief in the right to bear arms, this country would not be here today," he told the crowd, drawing hearty applause and exclamations of "Amen!"The "Open Carry Celebration" included a handgun raffle, patriotic music and screening of gun safety videos. Some gun owners carried old-fashioned six-shooters in leather holsters, while others packed modern police-style firearms. Kentucky allows residents to openly carry guns in public with some restrictions."I just believe in the right to protect ourselves," said Liz Boyer, who had a bright pink Glock in a black holster at her side. The 41-year-old isn't a member of the church but teaches a class on gun safety for women at a local range.Brittany Rogers, 23, feared guns as a child. But her fiance encouraged her to go sport shooting with him about a year ago, and she said she has been hooked ever since. On Saturday, she brought her tiny Kel-Tec P-32 to church."It was a fear of the unknown," Rogers said, "but now I love it."Pagano's Protestant church, which attracts up to 150 people to Sunday services in a conservative neighborhood of southwest Louisville, belongs to the Assemblies of God. He thought up the event after some church members expressed concern about members of President Barack Obama administration's views on gun control, though the president hasn't moved to put new restrictions on ownership.Across town, a coalition of peace and church groups concerned about Pagano's appeal to gun owners staged their own gun-free event."I think when people first learned about this invitation to wear guns to church, many people were deeply troubled," said Terry Taylor, one of the organizers. "The idea of wearing guns to churches or any sacred space I think many people find deeply troubling."Pagano's event also troubled his church's longtime insurance carrier, which declined to insure the event and informed him it won't renew the policy. He found a new carrier at a cost of $700 for the day, but guns had to be unloaded.Despite that snag, he said the event went off without a hitch. Asked what type of gun he himself was carrying, he smiled and touched a bulge on his hip."Cell phone," he said.Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.URL: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31586660/ns/us_news-faith/?GT1=43001MSN Privacy . Legal© 2009 MSNBC.comActive U.S. Hate GroupsStand Strong Against HateJoin people across the nation who are standing strong against hate. Add yourself to our map as a voice for tolerance.The Southern Poverty Law Center counted 926 active hate groups in the United States in 2008. Only organizations and their chapters known to be active during 2008 are included.All hate groups have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics.This list was compiled using hate group publications and websites, citizen and law enforcement reports, field sources and news reports.Hate group activities can include criminal acts, marches, rallies, speeches, meetings, leafleting or publishing. Websites appearing to be merely the work of a single individual, rather than the publication of a group, are not included in this list. Listing here does not imply a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity. Download a PDF of the entire map.Intelligence ReportSummer 2009http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=1052#EditorialResurgence on the RightBy Mark Potok, EditornullAs the first months of the Obama Administration unfold, a growing consensus is emerging that a resurgence of right-wing hate groups and radical ideas is spreading across the United States. Law enforcement officials, civil rights groups, and many others have all expressed worries about this troubling trend.This February, in the last issue of the Intelligence Report, the Southern Poverty Law Center reported on the continued growth of hate groups, whose numbers have risen by more than 50% since 2000. It attributed that growth mainly to fears about non-white immigration, but pointed out that the rise of a black man to the White House also appears to have contributed. And it said the ongoing economic meltdown, which some have already blamed on racial minorities and undocumented Latino immigrants, could well add to a worsening situation.Two months later, a Department of Homeland Security report, "Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment," was leaked to the press. Dated April 7, the report mirrored many of the conclusions of the SPLC and added that "rightwing extremists [could] attempt to recruit and radicalize returning [military] veterans." (The Report has written extensively about the problem of extremists in the military.)Already, there is evidence of the violence that an expansion of the radical right may portend. Some of it is chilling.* In late April, a man shot to death two Okaloosa County, Fla., sheriff's deputies responding to a domestic disturbance call. Officials said Joshua Cartwright was interested in militia groups and that his wife told police that he was "severely disturbed" by Obama's election.* Three days before the DHS report was issued, a gunman in Pittsburgh killed three police officers. Internet postings by the suspect in the months before the murders suggest the man was motivated by racist and anti-Semitic ideology, antigovernment conspiracy theories, and a fear that Obama would pass confiscatory gun laws.* Around the same time, a Marine who had earlier been arrested for armed robberies near Camp Lejeune, N.C., was indicted for threatening Obama. Kody Brittingham's journal allegedly contained neo-Nazi propaganda and a plan to assassinate the then president-elect.* On Jan. 21, the day after Obama's inauguration, a white man in Brockton, Mass., allegedly murdered two black people and planned to kill as many Jews as he could that night. Police said the man told them he'd been reading white supremacist websites and believed that whites were facing a genocide.* Last December, a woman who had just shot her husband to death in Belfast, Maine, told police that James Cummings was "very upset" with Obama's election, had been in touch with white supremacist groups, and had talked of building a "dirty bomb" chock full of deadly radioactive materials. Police found many of the components for that bomb, along with an application for the neo-Nazi National Socialist Movement filled out by Cummings.* And in late October, two racist skinheads were arrested in Tennessee and charged in connection with an alleged plot to murder more than 100 black Americans, beheading some of them, and then to assassinate Obama.The government report was met with howls of outrage from pundits, politicians and others on the right who characterized it as an attack on conservatives and veterans — an absurd contention for anyone who actually read the document.Televangelist Pat Robertson, the gay-bashing founder of the Christian Coalition, even said the DHS report "shows somebody down in the bowels of that organization is either a convinced left winger or somebody whose sexual orientation is somewhat in question."These expressions of anger were disingenuous at best. The reality is that many of these same people have done their best to pour fuel on the flames of incipient antigovernment fury, feeding the same kind of white-hot popular anger that animated the militia movement of the 1990s, with all its violence.MSNBC commentator Pat Buchanan recently said Obama would face a "bloodbath" if he legalized undocumented workers. U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) fears Obama will set up "re-education camps for young people." U.S. Rep. Spencer Bachus (R-Ala.) warns there are 17 "socialists" in the Congress. FOX News' Glenn Beck calls Obama a fascist, a Nazi and a Marxist, and even refloated militia-era conspiracy theories about secret concentration camps for patriots.People like Beck — who described himself as a mere "rodeo clown" when he was called out on such statements — may be craven opportunists pandering for ratings. It really doesn't matter. Their lunatic rants, planted in the rich soil of social discontent, make it that much harder for our country to advance toward a better future.You can support Wikipedia by making a tax-deductible donation.Ku Klux Klanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_Klux_Klan&printable=yesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search"KKK" redirects here. For other uses, see KKK (disambiguation).This article or section has multiple issues. Please help improve the article or discuss these issues on the talk page.* Its introduction may be too long. Tagged since May 2009.* It may be too long. Some content may need to be summarized or split. Tagged since April 2009.* It may need a complete rewrite to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since April 2009.Semi-protectedKu Klux KlanIn Existence1st Klan 1865–1870s2nd Klan 1915–19443rd Klan1 since 1946Members1st Klan 550,0002nd Klan 4,000,000[1] (1924 Peak)PropertiesOrigin United States of AmericaPolitical ideology White supremacyWhite nationalismPolitical position Far right1The 3rd Klan is decentralized, with approx. 179 chapters.Ku Klux Klan (KKK), informally known as The Klan, is the name of several past and present secret militant organizations in the United States whose avowed purpose was to protect the rights of and further the interests of white Americans by violence and intimidation. The first such organizations originated in the Southern states and eventually grew to national scope. They developed iconic white costumes consisting of robes, masks, and conical hats. The KKK has a record of using terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to murder and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions.The first Klan was founded in 1865 by Tennessee veterans of the Confederate Army. Groups spread throughout the South. Its purpose was to restore white supremacy in the aftermath of the American Civil War. The Klan resisted Reconstruction by assaulting, murdering and intimidating freedmen and white Republicans. In 1870 and 1871 the federal government passed the Force Acts, which were used to prosecute Klan crimes. Prosecution and enforcement suppressed Klan activity. In 1874 and later, however, newly organized and openly active paramilitary organizations such as the White League and Red Shirts started a fresh round of violence aimed at suppressing Republican voting and running Republicans out of office. These contributed to white Democrats regaining political power in the southern states.In 1915, the second Klan was founded. It grew rapidly in a period of postwar social tensions, where industrialization in the North attracted numerous waves of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and the Great Migration of Southern blacks and whites. In reaction, the second KKK preached racism, anti-Catholicism, anti-Communism, nativism, and anti-Semitism. Some local groups took part in lynchings, attacks on private houses, and other violent activities. The Klan committed the most murders and violence in the South, which had a tradition of lawlessness.[3]The second Klan was a formal fraternal organization, with a national and state structure. At its peak in the mid-1920s, the organization included about 15% of the nation's eligible population, approximately 4–5 million men.[4] Internal divisions and external opposition brought about a sharp decline in membership, which had dropped to about 30, 000 by 1930. The Klan's popularity fell further during the Great Depression and World War II.[5]The name Ku Klux Klan has since been used by many independent groups opposing the Civil Rights Movement and desegregation, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. During this period, they often forged alliances with Southern police departments, as in Birmingham, Alabama; or with governor's offices, as with George Wallace of Alabama.[6] Several members of KKK-affiliated groups were convicted of murder in the deaths of civil rights workers and children in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, and the assassination of NAACP organizer Medgar Evers, and three civil rights workers in Mississippi. Today, researchers estimate there may be more than 150 Klan chapters with 5, 000-8, 000 members nationwide. The U.S. government classifies them as hate groups, with operations in separated small local units.Contents[hide]* 1 First Klan 1865–1874o 1.1 Creationo 1.2 Activitieso 1.3 Decline and suppressiono 1.4 Resistance* 2 Disfranchisement and Great Migration* 3 Portrayal in 19th-century culture* 4 The second Klan 1915–1944o 4.1 Creationo 4.2 The Birth of a nationo 4.3 Leo Franko 4.4 Blaine Amendmentso 4.5 Prohibitiono 4.6 Memberso 4.7 Activitieso 4.8 Political influenceo 4.9 Resistance and decline* 5 Later Klans, 1950 through 1960s* 6 Since the 1970s* 7 Vocabulary* 8 See also* 9 Footnotes* 10 Bibliographyo 10.1 Further reading* 11 External linksFirst Klan 1865–1874CreationA cartoon threatening the KKK will lynch carpetbaggers, in the Independent Monitor, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1868.Six middle-class Confederate veterans from Pulaski, Tennessee, created the original Ku Klux Klan on December 24, 1865, in the immediate aftermath of the American Civil War.[7] They made up the name by combining the Greek kyklos (κυκλος, circle) with clan.[8] The Ku Klux Klan was one among a number of secret, oath-bound organizations using violence, including the Southern Cross in New Orleans (1865), and the Knights of the White Camellia (1867) in Louisiana.[9]Historians generally see the KKK as part of the postwar violence related not only to the high rate of veterans in the population, but also to their effort to control the dramatically changed social situation by using extrajudicial means in order to restore white supremacy. In 1866, Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey reported that disorder, lack of control and lawlessness were widespread; in some states armed bands of Confederate soldiers roamed at will. The Klan used public violence against blacks as intimidation. They burned houses, and attacked and killed blacks whose bodies were left on the roads.[10]More recently, historian Bob Brewer has suggested that the Knights of the Golden Circle (KGC) were a precursor to the KKK.[11] Most recruits to the KGC were in Southwest, in Texas and New Mexico, however, where they formed private militias to carry out raids in actions that people hoped would extend slave territory after the Mexican War. While some sympathizers and recruits to the KGC were found during the Civil War in the states bordering the Ohio River, the organization was considered dissolved before the end of the war.A political cartoon depicting the KKK and the Democratic Party as continuations of the ConfederacyIn an 1867 meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, Klan members gathered to try to create a hierarchical organization with local chapters eventually reporting up to a national headquarters. They elected Brian A. Scates to be the Leader and President of this organization. Since most of the Klan's members were veterans, they were used to the hierarchical structure of the organization, but in fact the Klan never operated under this structure. Former Confederate Brigadier General George Gordon developed the Prescript, or Klan dogma. The Prescript suggested elements of white supremacist belief. For instance, an applicant should be asked if he was in favor of "a white man's government", "the reenfranchisement and emancipation of the white men of the South, and the restitution of the Southern people to all their rights."[12]Gordon supposedly told former slave trader and Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest in Memphis, Tennessee, about the Klan. Forrest allegedly responded, "That's a good thing; that's a damn good thing. We can use that to keep the niggers in their place."[13] A few weeks later, Forrest was selected as Grand Wizard, the Klan's national leader, though he always denied his leadership.Nathan Bedford ForrestIn an 1868 newspaper interview, Forrest stated that the Klan's primary opposition was to the Loyal Leagues, Republican state governments, people like Tennessee governor Brownlow and other carpetbaggers and scalawags. He argued that many southerners believed that blacks were voting for the Republican Party because they were being hoodwinked by the Loyal Leagues.[14] One Alabama newspaper editor declared "The League is nothing more than a nigger Ku Klux Klan."[15]Despite Gordon's and Forrest's work, local Klan units never accepted the Prescript and continued to operate autonomously. There were never hierarchical levels or state headquarters. Klan members used violence to settle old feuds and local grudges, as they worked to restore white dominance in the disrupted postwar society. Historian Elaine Frantz Parsons commented on the make up of the membership:Lifting the Klan mask revealed a chaotic multitude of antiblack vigilante groups, disgruntled poor white farmers, wartime guerrilla bands, displaced Democratic politicians, illegal whiskey distillers, coercive moral reformers, sadists, rapists, white workmen fearful of black competition, employers trying to enforce labor discipline, common thieves, neighbors with decades-old grudges, and even a few freedmen and white Republicans who allied with Democratic whites or had criminal agendas of their own. Indeed, all they had in common, besides being overwhelmingly white, southern, and Democratic, was that they called themselves, or were called, Klansmen.[16]Historian Eric Foner observed:In effect, the Klan was a military force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of white supremacy. Its purposes were political, but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over the South during Reconstruction: to destroy the Republican party's infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore racial subordination in every aspect of Southern life.[17]To that end they worked to curb the education, economic advancement, voting rights, and right to keep and bear arms of blacks.[17] The Ku Klux Klan soon spread into nearly every southern state, launching a "reign of terror" against Republican leaders both black and white. Those political leaders assassinated during the campaign included Arkansas Congressman James M. Hinds, three members of the South Carolina legislature, and several men who served in constitutional conventions."[18]ActivitiesWikisourceWikisource has original text related to this article:Interview with Nathan Bedford ForrestKlan members adopted masks and robes that hid their identities and added to the drama of their night rides, their chosen time for attacks. Many of them operated in small towns and rural areas where people otherwise knew each other's faces, and sometimes still recognized the attackers. "The kind of thing that men are afraid or ashamed to do openly, and by day, they accomplish secretly, masked, and at night." With this method both the high and the low could be attacked.[19] The Ku Klux Klan night riders "sometimes claimed to be ghosts of Confederate soldiers so, as they claimed, to frighten superstitious blacks. Few freedmen took such nonsense seriously."[20][21]The Klan attacked black members of the Loyal Leagues and intimidated southern Republicans and Freedmen's Bureau workers. When they killed black political leaders, they also took heads of families, along with the leaders of churches and community groups, because people had many roles. Agents of the Freedmen's Bureau reported weekly assaults and murders of blacks. "Armed guerilla warfare killed thousands of Negroes; political riots were staged; their causes or occasions were always obscure, their results always certain: ten to one hundred times as many Negroes were killed as whites." Masked men shot into houses and burned them, sometimes with the occupants still inside. They drove successful black farmers off their land. Generally, it Canby reported that in North and South Carolina, in 18 months ending in June 1867, there were 197 murders and 548 cases of aggravated assault.[22]Klan violence worked to suppress black voting. As the following examples indicate, over 2, 000 persons were killed, wounded and otherwise injured in Louisiana within a few weeks prior to the Presidential election of November 1868. Although St. Landry Parish had a registered Republican majority of 1, 071, after the murders, no Republicans voted in the fall elections. White Democrats cast the full vote of the parish for Grant's opponent. The KKK killed and wounded more than 200 black Republicans, hunting and chasing them through the woods. Thirteen captives were taken from jail and shot; a half-buried pile of 25 bodies was found in the woods. The KKK made people vote Democratic and gave them certificates of the fact.[23]In the April 1868 Georgia gubernatorial election, Columbia County cast 1, 222 votes for Republican Rufus Bullock. By the November presidential election, however, Klan intimidation led to suppression of the Republican vote and only one person voted for Ulysses S. Grant.[24]Klansmen killed more than 150 African Americans in a county in Florida, and hundreds more in other counties. Freedmen's Bureau records provided a detailed recounting of beatings and murders of freedmen and their white allies by Klansmen.[25]Milder encounters also occurred. In Mississippi, according to the Congressional inquiry[26]One of these teachers (Miss Allen of Illinois), whose school was at Cotton Gin Port in Monroe County, was visited ... between one and two o'clock in the morning on March 1871, by about fifty men mounted and disguised. Each man wore a long white robe and his face was covered by a loose mask with scarlet stripes. She was ordered to get up and dress which she did at once and then admitted to her room the captain and lieutenant who in addition to the usual disguise had long horns on their heads and a sort of device in front. The lieutenant had a pistol in his hand and he and the captain sat down while eight or ten men stood inside the door and the porch was full. They treated her "gentlemanly and quietly" but complained of the heavy school-tax, said she must stop teaching and go away and warned her that they never gave a second notice. She heeded the warning and left the county.Three Ku Klux Klan members arrested in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, September 1871, for the attempted murder of an entire family.WikisourceWikisource has original text related to this article:Why the Ku KluxBy 1868, two years after the Klan's creation, its activity was beginning to decrease.[27] Members were hiding behind Klan masks and robes as a way to avoid prosecution for free-lance violence. Many influential southern Democrats feared that Klan lawlessness provided an excuse for the federal government to retain its power over the South, and they began to turn against it.[28] There were outlandish claims made, such as Georgian B. H. Hill stating "that some of these outrages were actually perpetrated by the political friends of the parties slain."[27]Decline and suppressionAlthough Forrest boasted that the Klan was a nationwide organization of 550,000 men and that he could muster 40,000 Klansmen within five days' notice, as a secret or "invisible" group, it had no membership rosters, no chapters, and no local officers. It was difficult for observers to judge its actual membership. It had created a sensation by the dramatic nature of its masked forays and because of its many murders.One Klan official complained that his, "so-called 'Chief'-ship was purely nominal, I having not the least authority over the reckless young country boys who were most active in 'night-riding,' whipping, etc., all of which was outside of the intent and constitution of the Klan..."[citation needed]In 1870 a federal grand jury determined that the Klan was a "terrorist organization".[29] It issued hundreds of indictments for crimes of violence and terrorism. Klan members were prosecuted, and many fled from areas that were under federal government jurisdiction, particularly in South Carolina.[30] Many people not formally inducted into the Klan had used the Klan's costume for anonymity, to hide their identities when carrying out acts of violence. Forrest ordered the Klan to disband in 1869, stating that it was "being perverted from its original honorable and patriotic purposes, becoming injurious instead of subservient to the public peace".[31] Historian Stanley Horn writes "generally speaking, the Klan's end was more in the form of spotty, slow, and gradual disintegration than a formal and decisive disbandment".[32] A reporter in Georgia wrote in January 1870, "A true statement of the case is not that the Ku Klux are an organized band of licensed criminals, but that men who commit crimes call themselves Ku Klux".[33]Gov. William Holden of North Carolina.While people used the Klan as a mask for nonpolitical crimes, state and local governments seldom acted against them. African Americans were kept off juries. In lynching cases, all-white juries almost never indicted Ku Klux Klan members. When there was a rare indictment, juries were unlikely to vote for a conviction. In part, jury members feared reprisals from local Klansmen.Others may have agreed with lynching as a way of keeping dominance over black men. In many states, officials were reluctant to use black militia against the Klan out of fear that racial tensions would be raised.[34] When Republican Governor of North Carolina William Woods Holden called out the militia against the Klan in 1870, it added to his unpopularity. Combined with violence and fraud at the polls, the Republicans lost their majority in the state legislature. Disaffection with Holden's actions led to white Democratic legislators' impeaching Holden and removing him from office, but their reasons were numerous.[35]ResistanceUnion Army veterans in mountainous Blount County, Alabama, organized 'the anti-Ku Klux.' They put an end to violence by threatening Klansmen with reprisals unless they stopped whipping Unionists and burning black churches and schools. Armed blacks formed their own defense in Bennettsville, South Carolina and patrolled the streets to protect their homes.[36]National sentiment gathered to crack down on the Klan, even though some Democrats at the national level questioned whether the Klan really existed or believed that it was just a creation of nervous Southern Republican governors.[37] Many southern states began to pass anti-Klan legislation.In January 1871, Pennsylvania Republican Senator John Scott convened a Congressional committee which took testimony from 52 witnesses about Klan atrocities. They accumulated 12 volumes of horrifying testimony. In February, former Union General and Congressman Benjamin Franklin Butler of Massachusetts introduced the Ku Klux Klan Act. This added to the enmity that southern white Democrats bore toward him.[38] While the bill was being considered, further violence in the South swung support for its passage. The Governor of South Carolina appealed for federal troops to assist his efforts in keeping control of the state. A riot and massacre in a Meridian, Mississippi, courthouse were reported, from which a black state representative escaped only by taking to the woods.[39]Benjamin Franklin Butler wrote the 1871 Klan Act.WikisourceWikisource has original text related to this article:Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871In 1871, President Ulysses S. Grant signed Butler's legislation. The Ku Klux Klan Act was used by the Federal government together with the 1870 Force Act to enforce the civil rights provisions for individuals under the constitution. Under the Klan Act, Federal troops were used for enforcement, and Klansmen were prosecuted in Federal court. More African Americans served on juries in Federal court than were selected for local or state juries, so they had a chance to participate in the process.[34] In the crackdown, hundreds of Klan members were fined or imprisoned. In South Carolina, habeas corpus was suspended in nine counties. The Klan was destroyed in South Carolina[28] and decimated throughout the rest of the South, where it had already been in decline. Attorney General Amos Tappan Ackerman led the prosecutions.[40] By 1872, the Klan was broken as an organization.[41] In some areas, other local paramilitary organizations such as the White League, Red Shirts, saber clubs, and rifle clubs continued to intimidate and murder black voters.[42] Although destroyed, the Klan achieved many of its goals, such as suppressing suffrage for Southern blacks and driving a wedge between poor whites and blacks.Despite the suppression of the Klan, violence continued against African Americans as whites struggled for power. On Easter Sunday 1873, black citizens fought a mixed political and racial battle against white militia in Colfax, Louisiana. The ostensible cause was an election contested at both the state and local levels. Each man elected sheriff claimed the local office. When black Republicans gathered at the courthouse, white militia gathered to force them to leave. Estimates of the number of African Americans killed overnight and into the next day ranged from 105 to 280. Some bodies were hidden in the woods or thrown in the river; others were buried before state and Federal troops arrived. African-American legislator John G. Lewis remarked, "They attempted (armed self-defense) in Colfax. The result was that on Easter Sunday of 1873, when the sun went down that night, it went down on the corpses of two hundred and eighty negroes."[43] The Colfax Massacre had the highest fatalities of any incident of racial violence during Reconstruction.The following year, organized white paramilitary groups formed in the Deep South: the White League in Louisiana (its first chapter formed following the Colfax Massacre), and the Red Shirts in Mississippi, North and South Carolina. They campaigned openly to turn Republicans out of office, intimidated and killed black voters, tried to disrupt organizing and suppress black voting. They were out in force during the campaigns and elections of 1874 and 1876, contributing to the conservative Democrats' regaining power in 1876, against a background of electoral violence.Shortly after, in United States v. Cruikshank (1875), the Supreme Court ruled that the few convictions achieved after the Colfax Massacre were faulty. It ruled that the Force Act of 1870 did not give the Federal government power to regulate private actions, but only those by state governments. The result was that as the century went on, African Americans were at the mercy of hostile state governments that refused to intervene against private violence and paramilitary groups.Whereas the number of indictments across the South was large, the number of cases leading to prosecution and sentencing was relatively small. The overloaded federal courts were not able to meet the demands of trying such a tremendous number of cases, a situation that led to selective pardoning. By late 1873 and 1874, most of the charges against Klansmen were dropped although new cases continued to be prosecuted for several more years. Most of those sentenced had either served their terms or been pardoned by 1875. The Supreme Court of the United States eviscerated the Ku Klux Act in 1876 by ruling that the federal government could no longer prosecute individuals although states would be forced to comply with federal civil rights provisions. Republicans passed a second civil rights act (the Civil Rights Act of 1875) to grant equal access to public facilities and other housing accommodations regardless of race. Ironically, the Klan during this period served to further Northern reconstruction efforts, as Ku Klux violence provided the political climate needed to pass civil rights protections for blacks. Although the Ku Klux Act of 1871 dismantled the first Klan, Southern whites formed other, similar groups that kept blacks away from the polls through intimidation and physical violence. Reconstruction ended with the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes, who suspended the federal military occupation of the South; yet blacks still found themselves without the basic civil liberties that the period had sought to secure.[44]In 1882, long after the Klan was destroyed, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Harris that the Klan Act was partially unconstitutional. It ruled that Congress's power under the Fourteenth Amendment did not extend to the right to regulate against private conspiracies.[45]As 20th-century Supreme Court rulings extended federal enforcement of citizens' civil rights, the Force Act and the Klan Act were used by federal prosecutors as the basis for investigations and indictments in the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner;[46] and the 1965 murder of Viola Liuzzo.[47] They were also the basis for prosecution in 1991 in Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic.Disfranchisement and Great MigrationMain article: Disfranchisement after the Civil WarThe nadir of American race relations is often placed from the end of reconstruction to the 1910s, especially in the South. Once white Democrats regained political power in state legislatures in the 1870s, they passed bills directed at restricting voter registration by blacks and poor whites. Continued low cotton prices, agricultural depression and labor shortages in the South contributed to social tensions. According to the Tuskegee Institute, the 1890s was also the peak decade for lynchings, with most of them directed against African Americans in the South. The lynchings were a byproduct of political tensions as white Democrats tried to strip blacks from voter rolls and also sought to suppress voting. Some of the violence was directed at trying to break up interracial coalitions that came to power in state legislatures in 1894, with alliances between Populist and Republican parties.[48] In 1896 the Democrats used fraud, violence and intimidation to suppress voting by poor classes, and regained power.From 1890 to 1908, ten of the eleven southern states ratified new constitutions or amendments that completed the disfranchisement of most African Americans and many poor whites. The constitutions had provisions making voter registration more complicated: such as poll taxes, residency requirements, recordkeeping, and literacy tests, which were often subjectively applied. In addition, multiple ballot boxes were sometimes used in the voting booths. The result was that blacks and poor whites in most southern states were deprived of suffrage, representation at any level of government, local elected offices, and the right to serve on juries (usually restricted to voters).[49] In most of the South, sweeping disfranchisement and white one-party government lasted until African Americans' leadership and activism in the Civil Rights Movement gained passage of Federal civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965.Beginning in 1910 and going through 1940, tens of thousands of African Americans decided to leave the South and its violence and segregation, in a movement known as the Great Migration. They went to northern and midwestern cities for jobs, better education for their children, a chance to vote, and the hopes of living with less violence. Northern industry recruited black workers because of a shortage of labor for expanding industries: for instance, the Pennsylvania Railroad hired 12, 000 men, all but 2, 000 of them from Florida and Georgia.[50]Portrayal in 19th-century cultureThe Sherlock Holmes short story "The Five Orange Pips," by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, was first published November 1891, after the demise of the first Klan and before the formation of the second. In the story, the villains are Klan members who blame the society's collapse on the uncle of Holmes' client, a former colonel in the Confederate army. The story includes an entry from "the American Encyclopaedia" that incorrectly explains the etymology of the name "Ku Klux Klan," saying it was "derived from the fanciful resemblance to the sound produced by cocking a rifle."The second Klan 1915–1944CreationMovie poster for The Birth of a NationThe second Klan rose in response to urbanization and industrialization, massive immigration from eastern and southern Europe, the Great Migration of African Americans to the North, and the migration of African Americans and whites from rural areas to Southern cities. The Klan grew most rapidly in cities which had high growth rates between 1910 and 1930, such as Detroit, Memphis, Dayton, Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston.[51]Its growth was also affected by mobilization for World War I and postwar tensions, especially in the cities where strangers came up against each other more often. Southern whites resented the arming of black soldiers. Black veterans did not want to go back to second class status.[52]This Klan modeled itself after other fraternal organizations created in the early decades of the 20th century. Organizers signed up hundreds of new members, who paid initiation fees and bought KKK costumes. The organizer kept half the money and sent the rest to state or national officials. When the organizer was done with an area, he organized a huge rally, often with burning crosses and perhaps presented a Bible to a local Protestant minister. He then left town with the money. The local units operated like many fraternal organizations and occasionally brought in speakers. Stanley Horn, a Southern historian sympathetic to the first Klan, was careful in an oral interview to distinguish it from the later "spurious Ku Klux organization which was in ill-repute — and, of course, had no connection whatsoever with the Klan of Reconstruction days".[53]An illustration from The Clansman: "Take dat f'um yo equal—"The accumulating social tensions that resulted from rapid change were sparked by events in 1915:* The film The Birth of a Nation was released, mythologizing and glorifying the first Klan.* Leo Frank, a Jewish man accused of the rape and murder of a young white girl named Mary Phagan, was tried, convicted and lynched near Atlanta against a backdrop of media frenzy.* The second Ku Klux Klan was founded in Atlanta with a new anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic agenda. The bulk of the founders were from an Atlanta-area organization calling itself the Knights of Mary Phagan that had organized around the Frank trial. The new organization emulated the fictionalized version of the Klan presented in The Birth of a Nation.The Birth of a nationDirector D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation glorified the original Klan. His film was based on the book and play The Clansman and the book The Leopard's Spots, both by Thomas Dixon. Dixon said his purpose was "to revolutionize northern sentiment by a presentation of history that would transform every man in my audience into a good Democrat!" The film created a nationwide Klan craze. At the official premier in Atlanta, members of the Klan rode up and down the street in front of the theater.[54]Much of the modern Klan's iconography, including the standardized white costume and the lighted cross, are derived from the film. Its imagery was based on Dixon's romanticized concept of old Scotland, as portrayed in the novels and poetry of Sir Walter Scott. The film's influence and popularity were enhanced by a widely reported endorsement by historian and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.President WilsonThe Birth of a Nation included extensive quotations from Woodrow Wilson's History of the American People, as if to give it a stronger basis. After seeing the film in a special White House screening, Wilson allegedly said, "It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true."[55] Given Wilson's views on race and the Klan, his statement was taken as supportive of the film. In later correspondence with Griffith, Wilson confirmed his enthusiasm. Wilson's remarks immediately became controversial. Wilson tried to remain aloof, but finally, on April 30, he issued a non-denial denial.[56] Historian Arthur Link quotes Wilson's aide, Joseph Tumulty: "the President was entirely unaware of the nature of the play before it was presented and at no time has expressed his approbation of it."[57]Leo FrankAnother event that influenced the Klan was sensational coverage of the trial, conviction and lynching of a Jewish factory manager from Atlanta named Leo Frank. In lurid newspaper accounts, Frank was accused of the rape and murder of Mary Phagan, a girl employed at his factory.The lynching of Leo FrankAfter a trial in Georgia in which a mob daily surrounded the courtroom, Frank was convicted. Because of the presence of the armed mob, the judge asked Frank and his counsel to stay away when the verdict was announced. Frank's appeals failed. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes dissented from other justices and condemned the mob's intimidation of the jury as the court's failing to provide due process to the defendant. After the governor commuted Frank's sentence to life imprisonment, a mob calling itself the Knights of Mary Phagan kidnapped Frank from prison and lynched him.The Frank trial was used skillfully by Georgia politician and publisher Thomas E. Watson, the editor for The Jeffersonian magazine. He was a leader in recreating the Klan and was later elected to the U.S. Senate. The new Klan was inaugurated in 1915 at a meeting led by William J. Simmons on top of Stone Mountain. A few aging members of the original Klan attended, along with members of the self-named Knights of Mary Phagan.Simmons stated that he had been inspired by the original Klan's Prescripts, written in 1867 by Confederate veteran George Gordon in an attempt to create a national organization. These were never adopted by the Klan, however.[58] The Prescript stated the Klan's purposes in idealistic terms, hiding the fact that its members committed acts of vigilante violence and murder from behind masks.Lender et al. state that the Klan's resurgence in the 1920s was aided by the temperance movement. They state that in Arkansas and elsewhere, the Klan opposed bootleggers, and in 1922, two hundred Klan members set fire to saloons in Union County. They further state that the national Klan office was finally established in Dallas, Texas, but that Little Rock, Arkansas was the home of the Women of the Ku Klux Klan. They go on to state that the first head of this auxiliary was a former president of the Arkansas WCTU.[59][verification needed]Stone Mountain, site of the founding of the second Klan in 1915.Blaine AmendmentsIn 1921, the Klan arrived in Oregon from central California and established the state's first klavern in Medford. In a state with one of the country's highest percentages of white residents, the Klan attracted up to 14, 000 members and established 58 klaverns by the end of 1922. Given the small population of non-white minorities outside Portland, the Oregon Klan directed attention almost exclusively against Catholics, who numbered about 8% of the population. In 1922, the Masonic Grand Lodge of Oregon sponsored a bill to require all school-age children to attend public schools. With support of the Klan and Democratic Governor Walter M. Pierce, endorsed by the Klan, the Compulsory Education Law was passed with a majority of votes. Its primary purpose was to shut down Catholic schools in Oregon, but it also affected other private and military schools.ProhibitionOne historian contends that the KKK’s "support for Prohibition represented the single most important bond between Klansmen throughout the nation".[60] Membership in the Klan and other prohibition groups overlapped, and they often coordinated activities. For example, Edward Young Clarke, a top leader of the Klan, raised funds for both the Klan and the Anti-Saloon League.[61] A man with his own demons, Clarke was indicted in 1923 for violations of the Mann Act.[62]MembersWilliam Joseph Simmons founded the second Ku Klux Klan in 1915.A significant characteristic of the second Klan was that it was an organization based in urban areas, reflecting the major shifts of population to cities in both the North and the South. In Michigan, for instance, 40, 000 members lived in Detroit, where they made up more than half of the state's membership. Most Klansmen were lower- to middle-class whites who were trying to protect their jobs and housing from the waves of newcomers to the industrial cities: immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who tended to be Catholic and Jewish in numbers higher than earlier groups of immigrants; and black and white migrants from the South. As new populations poured into cities, rapidly changing neighborhoods created social tensions. Because of the rapid pace of population growth in industrializing cities such as Detroit and Chicago, the Klan grew rapidly in the U.S. Midwest. The Klan also grew in booming Southern cities such as Dallas and Houston.[63]For some states, historians have obtained membership rosters of some local units and matched the names against city directory and local records to create statistical profiles of the membership. Big city newspapers were often hostile and ridiculed Klansmen as ignorant farmers. Detailed analysis from Indiana showed the rural stereotype was false for that state:Indiana's Klansmen represented a wide cross section of society: they were not disproportionately urban or rural, nor were they significantly more or less likely than other members of society to be from the working class, middle class, or professional ranks. Klansmen were Protestants, of course, but they cannot be described exclusively or even predominantly as fundamentalists. In reality, their religious affiliations mirrored the whole of white Protestant society, including those who did not belong to any church.[64]The Klan attracted people but most of them did not remain in the organization for long. Membership in the Klan turned over rapidly as people found out that it was not the group they wanted. Millions joined, and at its peak in the 1920s, the organization included about 15% of the nation's eligible population. The lessening of social tensions contributed to the Klan's decline.ActivitiesCross burning is said to have been introduced by William J. Simmons, the founder of the second Klan in 1915."The End" Referring to the end of Catholic influence in the US. Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty 1926Photograph on Page 4, February 1923 edition of The Good CitizenIn reaction to social changes, the Klan adopted anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Communist and anti-immigrant slants. The social unrest of the postwar period included labor strikes in response to low wages and poor working conditions in many industrial cities, often led by immigrants, who also organized unions. Klan members worried about labor organizers and the socialist leanings of some of the immigrants, which added to the tensions. They also resented upwardly mobile ethnic Catholics.[65] At the same time, in cities Klan members were themselves working in industrial environments and often struggled with working conditions.Klan groups lynched and murdered Black soldiers returning from World War I while they were still in military uniforms. The Klan warned Blacks that they must respect the rights of the white race "in whose country they are permitted to reside".[66] The number of lynchings escalated, and from 1918 to 1927, 416 African Americans were killed, mostly in the South.[67]When two black men attempted to vote in November 1920 in Ocoee, Florida, the Klan attacked the black community. In the ensuing violence, six black residents and two whites were killed, and twenty five black homes, two churches, and a fraternal lodge were destroyed.[67]Branford Clarke illustration in The Ku Klux Klan In Prophecy by Bishop Alma White published by the Pillar of Fire Church in 1925 at Zarephath, NJAlthough Klan members were concentrated in the South, Midwest and west, there were some members in New England, too. Klan members torched an African American school in Scituate, Rhode Island.[68]In the 1920s and 1930s, a violent and zealous faction of the Klan called the Black Legion was active in the Midwestern U.S..In southern cities such as Birmingham, Alabama, Klan members kept control of access to the better-paying industrial jobs but opposed unions. During the 1930s and 1940s, Klan leaders urged members to disrupt the Congress of Industrial Organizations(CIO), which advocated industrial unions and was open to African-American members. With access to dynamite and skills from their jobs in mining and steel, in the late 1940s some Klan members in Birmingham began using bombings to intimidate upwardly mobile blacks who moved into middle-class neighborhoods. "By mid-1949, there were so many charred house carcasses that the area [College Hills] was informally named Dynamite Hill." Independent Klan groups remained active in Birmingham and were deeply engaged in violent opposition to the Civil Rights Movement.[69]Political influenceSheet music to "We Are All Loyal Klansmen", 1923The Good Citizen July 1926 Published by Pillar of Fire ChurchBranford Clarke illustration in Heroes of the Fiery Cross 1928The Klan had major political influence in several states and was influential mostly in the center of the country. The Klan spread from the South into the Midwest and Northern states, and into Canada where there was a large movement against Catholic immigrants.[70] At its peak, Klan membership exceeded four million and comprised 20% of the adult white male population in many broad geographic regions, and 40% in some areas. Most of the Klan's membership resided in Midwestern states.In another well-known example from the same year, the Klan decided to turn Anaheim, California, into a model Klan city. It secretly took over the City Council, but the city conducted a special recall election and Klan members were voted out.[71]Klan delegates played a significant role at the path-setting 1924 Democratic National Convention in New York City, often called the "Klanbake Convention". The convention initially pitted Klan-backed candidate William Gibbs McAdoo against Catholic New York Governor Al Smith. After days of stalemates and rioting, both candidates withdrew in favor of a compromise. Klan delegates defeated a Democratic Party platform plank that would have condemned their organization.In some states, such as Alabama, the KKK worked for political and social reform.[72] The state's Klansmen were among the foremost advocates of better public schools, effective prohibition enforcement, expanded road construction, and other "progressive" political measures. In many ways these reforms benefited lower class white people. By 1925, the Klan was a political force in the state, as leaders like J. Thomas Heflin, David Bibb Graves, and Hugo Black manipulated the KKK membership against the power of Black Belt planters who had long dominated the state.Black was elected senator in 1926 and later became a Supreme Court Justice. In 1926, with Klan support, a former Klan chapter head named Bibb Graves won the Alabama governor's office. He pushed for increased education funding, better public health, new highway construction, and pro-labor legislation. Because the Alabama state legislature refused to redistrict until 1972, however, even the Klan was unable to break the planters' and rural areas' hold on power.Resistance and declineDutch propaganda poster from 1944, showing a Ku Klux Klan hood and a lynching nooseMany groups and leaders, including prominent Protestant ministers such as Reinhold Niebuhr in Detroit, spoke out against the Klan. In response to blunt attacks against Jewish Americans and the Klan's campaign to illegalize private schools, the Jewish Anti-Defamation League was formed after the lynching of Leo Frank. When one civic group began to publish Klan membership lists, the number of members quickly declined. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People carried on public education campaigns in order to inform people about Klan activities and lobbied against Klan abuses in Congress. After its peak in 1925, Klan membership began to decline rapidly in most areas of the Midwest.[63]In the second wave of the Great Migration, from 1940-1970 another five million blacks left the South for northern, midwestern and western cities. Due to the buildup of its defense industries, California was a new destination for this migration, especially for those African Americans from Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. They refused to tolerate for any longer the miserable conditions and economic situation in the South.In Alabama, KKK vigilantes, thinking that they had governmental protection, launched a wave of physical terror in 1927, targeting both blacks and whites who had violated racial norms and for perceived moral lapses.[73] The state's conservative elite counterattacked. Grover C. Hall, Sr., editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, began publishing a series of editorials and articles that attacked the Klan for its "racial and religious intolerance". Hall won a Pulitzer Prize for his crusade.[74] Other newspapers kept up a steady, loud attack on the Klan, referring to the organization as violent and "un-American". Sheriffs cracked down. In the 1928 presidential election, the state voted for the Democratic candidate Al Smith, although he was Catholic. Klan membership in Alabama dropped to less than six thousand by 1930. Small independent units continued to be active in Birmingham, where in the late 1940s, members launched a reign of terror by bombing the homes of upwardly mobile African Americans. KKK activism increased as a reaction against the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. (see below.)When D.C. Stephenson, the Grand Dragon of Indiana and 22 northern states, was convicted in 1925 of the notorious rape and murder of Madge Oberholtzer, the Klan declined dramatically in Indiana. Stephenson was convicted in a sensational trial. According to historian Leonard Moore, a leadership failure caused the organization's collapse:[75]Stephenson and the other salesmen and office seekers who maneuvered for control of Indiana's Invisible Empire lacked both the ability and the desire to use the political system to carry out the Klan's stated goals. They were disinterested in, or perhaps even unaware of, grass roots concerns within the movement. For them, the Klan had been nothing more than a means for gaining wealth and power. These marginal men had risen to the top of the hooded order because, until it became a political force, the Klan had never required strong, dedicated leadership. More established and experienced politicians who endorsed the Klan, or who pursued some of the interests of their Klan constituents, also accomplished little. Factionalism created one barrier, but many politicians had supported the Klan simply out of expedience. When charges of crime and corruption began to taint the movement, those concerned about their political futures had even less reason to work on the Klan's behalf.Imperial Wizard Hiram Wesley Evans sold the organization in 1939 to James Colescott, an Indiana veterinarian, and Samuel Green, an Atlanta obstetrician, but they were unable to staunch the exodus of members. In 1944, the IRS filed a lien for $685, 000 in back taxes against the Klan, and Colescott was forced to dissolve the organization in 1944.Ku Klux Klan members march down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. in 1928.After World War II, folklorist and author Stetson Kennedy infiltrated the Klan and provided information to media and law enforcement agencies. He also provided secret code words to the writers of the Superman radio program, resulting in episodes in which Superman took on the KKK. Kennedy's intention to strip away the Klan's mystique and trivialize the Klan's rituals and code words may have contributed to the decline in Klan recruiting and membership.[76] In the 1950s, Kennedy wrote a bestselling book about his experiences, which further damaged the Klan.[77]The following table shows the change in the Klan's estimated membership over time.[78] (The years given in the table represent approximate time periods.)Year Membership1920 4,000,0001924 6,000,0001930 30,0001980 5,0002008 6,000Later Klans, 1950 through 1960sSoviet propaganda poster ("Freedom, American style") (1950, by Nikolay Dolgorukov and Boris Efimov). It shows the Ku Klux Klan lynching blacks.The name "Ku Klux Klan" began to be used by several independent groups. Beginning in the 1950s, individual Klan groups began to resist the Civil Rights Movement by bombing houses in transitional neighborhoods and the houses of activists, as well as by physical violence, intimidation and assassination. In Birmingham, Alabama, during the tenure of Bull Connor, Klan groups were closely allied with the police and operated with impunity. There were so many bombings of homes by Klan groups that the city's nickname was "Bombingham". In states such as Alabama and Mississippi, Klan members forged alliances with governors' administrations.[6]Many murders went unreported and unprosecuted. Continuing disfranchisement of blacks meant that most could not serve on juries, which were all white. According to a report from the Southern Regional Council in Atlanta, the homes of forty black Southern families were bombed during 1951 and 1952. Some of the bombing victims were social activists whose work exposed them to danger, but most of them were either people who refused to bow to racist convention or were innocent bystanders, unsuspecting victims of random violence.[79]Among the more notorious murders by Klan members:* The 1951 Christmas Eve bombing of the home of NAACP activists Harry and Harriette Moore in Mims, Florida, resulting in their deaths.[80]* The 1957 murder of Willie Edwards, Jr. Klansmen forced Edwards to jump to his death from a bridge into the Alabama River.[81]* The 1963 assassination of NAACP organizer Medgar Evers in Mississippi. In 1994, former Ku Klux Klansman Byron De La Beckwith was convicted.* The 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, which killed four African-American girls. The perpetrators were Klan members Robert Chambliss, convicted in 1977, Thomas Blanton and Bobby Frank Cherry, convicted in 2001 and 2002. The fourth suspect, Herman Cash, died before he was indicted.* The 1964 murders of three civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in Mississippi. In June 2005, Klan member Edgar Ray Killen was convicted of manslaughter.[82]* The 1964 murder of two black teenagers, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore in Mississippi. In August 2007, based on the confession of Klansman Charles Marcus Edwards, James Ford Seale, a reputed Ku Klux Klansman, was convicted. Seale was sentenced to serve three life sentences.[83] Seale was a former Mississippi policeman and sheriff's deputy.[84]Violence at a Klan march in Mobile, Alabama, 1977* The 1965 Alabama murder of Viola Liuzzo. She was a Southern-raised Detroit mother of five who was visiting the state in order to attend a civil rights march. At the time of her murder Liuzzo was transporting Civil Rights Marchers.* The 1966 firebombing death of NAACP leader Vernon Dahmer Sr., 58, in Mississippi. In 1998 former Ku Klux Klan wizard Sam Bowers was convicted of his murder and sentenced to life. Two other Klan members were indicted with Bowers, but one died before trial, and the other's indictment was dismissed.There was also resistance to Klan violence. In a 1958 North Carolina incident, the Klan burned crosses at the homes of two Lumbee Native Americans who had associated with white people and threatened to return with more men. When they held a nighttime rally nearby, they found themselves surrounded by hundreds of armed Lumbees. Gunfire was exchanged, and the Klan was routed at what became known as the Battle of Hayes Pond.[85]When the Freedom Riders arrived in Birmingham, Alabama, the police commissioner Bull Connor gave Klan members fifteen minutes to attack the riders before sending in the police.[6] When local and state authorities failed to protect them, the federal government established more effective intervention.While the FBI had paid informants in the Klan, for instance in Birmingham, Alabama in the early 1960s, its relations with local law enforcement agencies and the Klan were often ambiguous. The head of the FBI J. Edgar Hoover, appeared more concerned about Communist links to civil rights activists than about controlling Klan excesses. In 1964, the FBI's COINTELPRO program began attempts to infiltrate and disrupt civil rights groups.[6]Since the 1970sOnce African Americans secured federal legislation to protect civil and voting rights, the Klan shifted its focus to opposing court-ordered busing to desegregate schools, affirmative action, and more open immigration. For instance, in 1971, Klansmen used bombs to destroy ten school buses in Pontiac, Michigan. Klansman David Duke was active in South Boston during the school busing crisis of 1974. Duke was leader of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan from 1974 until he resigned from the Klan in 1978.The Greensboro massacre occurred on November 3, 1979 in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. In the shoot-out, five marchers were killed by members of the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party while staging a protest. It was the culmination of attempts by the Communist Workers Party to organize industrial workers, predominantly black, in the area.[86]Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter who infiltrated the Klan in 1979, reported that the FBI's COINTELPRO efforts were highly successful. Rival Klan factions accused each other's leaders of being FBI informants. Bill Wilkinson of the Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was revealed to have been working for the FBI.[87] During Thompson's brief membership, his truck was shot at, he was yelled at by black children, and a Klan rally he attended turned into a riot when black soldiers on an adjacent military base taunted the Klansmen. Attempts by the Klan to march were often met with counter protests and sometimes with violence.In 1980 three Ku Klux Klansmen shot four elderly black women (Viola Ellison, Lela Evans, Opal Jackson and Katherine Johnson) in Chattanooga, Tennessee following a KKK initiation rally. (A fifth woman, Fannie Crumsey, was injured by flying glass in the incident.) None of the five victims died. Attempted murder charges were filed against the three Klansmen, two of whom - Bill Church and Larry Payne - were acquitted by an all-white jury and the other of whom - Marshall Thrash - was sentenced by the same jury to nine months on lesser charges. He was released after three months.[88][89][90] In 1982 a jury awarded the five women $535,000 in a civil rights trial.[91]After Michael Donald was lynched in 1981 in Alabama, the FBI investigated his death. Two local Klansmen were convicted of having a role including Henry Hays who was sentenced to death. With the support of attorneys Morris Dees and Joseph J. Levin at the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Michael's mother, Beulah Mae Donald, sued the Ku Klux Klan in civil court in Alabama. Her lawsuit against the United Klans of America was tried in February 1987. The all-white jury found the Klan responsible for the lynching of Michael Donald and ordered the Klan to pay $7 million USD. To pay the judgment, the Klan turned over all of its assets, including its national headquarters building in Tuscaloosa.[92]After exhausting the appeals process, Henry Hayes was executed for Donald's death in Alabama on June 6, 1997. It was the first time since 1913 that a white man had been executed in Alabama for a crime against an African American.[93] Thompson, the journalist who claimed he had infiltrated the Klan, related that Klan leaders who appeared indifferent to the threat of arrest showed great concern about a series of civil lawsuits filed by the Southern Poverty Law Center for damages in the millions of dollars. These were filed after Klansmen shot into a group of African Americans. Klansmen curtailed activities to conserve money for defense against the lawsuits. The Klan itself used lawsuits as tools. They filed a libel suit to prevent publication of a paperback edition of Thompson's book. The publisher canceled the publication.[citation needed]The present-day Ku Klux Klan is not one organization. Rather it is made up of small independent chapters across the United States.[94] The formation of independent chapters has made the KKK groups more difficult to infiltrate and researchers find it hard to estimate its numbers. KKK members have stepped up recruitment in recent years but the organization continues to grow slowly, with membership estimated at 5, 000-8, 000 across 179 chapters. These latest drives have seized upon issues such as people's anxieties about illegal immigration, urban crime and same-sex marriage. [95]The only known former member of the Klan to hold a federal office currently in the United States is Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, who said he "deeply regrets" having joined the Klan more than half a century ago, when he was about 24 years old. Byrd joined as a young man in the 1940s, recruiting 150 friends and acquaintances from his small West Virginia town. He later said he was a Klan member for about a year, but contemporary newspapers carried stories about a letter of his recommending a friend as Klaneagle in 1946.[96] In 2005, when he published a memoir and was asked again about his life, Byrd said, "I know now I was wrong. Intolerance had no place in America. I apologized a thousand times ... and I don't mind apologizing over and over again. I can't erase what happened."[96]Some of the larger KKK organizations in operation include:* Bayou Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, prevalent in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana and other areas of the Southeastern U.S.* Church of the American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[97]* Imperial Klans of America[98]* Knights of the White Kamelia* Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, headed by national director and self-claimed pastor Thom Robb, and based in Zinc, Arkansas. It claims to be the biggest Klan organization in America today. Spokesmen refer to it as a "sixth era Klan", and it continues to be a racist group.Numerous smaller groups use the Klan name. Estimates are that about two-thirds of KKK members are concentrated in the South, with another third situated primarily in the lower Midwest.[97][99][100]On November 14, 2008, an all-white jury of seven men and seven women awarded $1.5 million in compensatory damages and $1 million in punitive damages to plaintiff Jordan Gruver, represented by the Southern Poverty Law Center against the Imperial Klans of America.[101] The ruling found that five IKA members had savagely beaten Gruver, then 16 years old, at a Kentucky county fair in July 2006.[102]Many Klan groups have formed strong alliances with other white supremacist groups like Neo-Nazis. Some Klan groups have become increasingly "Nazified" adopting the look and emblems of Nazi skinheads.[103]Although there are numerous KKK groups, the media and popular discourse generally refer to the Klan for expediency. The ACLU has provided legal support to various factions of the KKK in defense of their First Amendment rights to hold public rallies, parades, and marches, and their right to field political candidates.VocabularyMembership in the Klan is secret. Like many fraternal organizations, the Klan has signs which members can use to recognize one another. A member may use the acronym AYAK (Are you a Klansman?) in conversation to surreptitiously identify himself to another potential member. The response AKIA (A Klansman I am) completes the greeting.[104]Throughout its varied history, the Klan has coined many words[105] beginning with "KL" including:* Klabee: treasurers* Klavern: local organization* Kleagle: recruiter* Klecktoken: initiation fee* Kligrapp: secretary* Klonvocation: gathering* Kloran: ritual book* Kloreroe: delegate* Kludd: chaplainAll of the above terminology was created by William Simmons, as part of his 1915 revival of the Klan.[citation needed] The Reconstruction-era Klan used different titles; the only titles to carry over were "Wizard" for the overall leader of the Klan, "Night Hawk" for the official in charge of security, and a few others, mostly for regional officers of the organization.[citation needed]See also* History of the United States (1865–1918)* Jim Crow laws* Knights of the Golden Circle* Leaders of the Ku Klux Klan* Notable alleged Ku Klux Klan members in national politics* Silent Brotherhood* Timeline of racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska* White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan* Heroes of the Fiery Cross* The Good CitizenFootnotes1. ^ The Various Shady Lives Of The Ku Klux Klan - Time2. ^ "Terrorism 2000/2001". http://www.fbi.gov/filelink.html?file=/publications/terror/terror2000_2001.pdf. Retrieved on March 8, 2009.3. ^ Jackson 1992 ed., pp. 241-242.4. ^ According to the 1920 census, the population of white males 18 years and older was about 31 million, but many of these men would have been ineligible for membership because they were immigrants, Jews, or Roman Catholics. Klan membership peaked at about 4-5 million in the mid-1920s. "The Ku Klux Klan, a brief biography". The African American Registry. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2207/The_Ku_Klux_Klan_a_brief__biography.5. ^ Lay, Shawn. "Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Coker College. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730.6. ^ a b c d McWhorter 2001.7. ^ Horn 1939, p. 9. The founders were John C. Lester, John B. Kennedy, James R. Crowe, Frank O. McCord, Richard R. Reed, and J. Calvin Jones8. ^ Horn 1939, p. 11, states that Reed proposed κύκλος (kyklos) and Kennedy added clan. Wade 1987, p. 33 says that Kennedy came up with both words, but Crowe suggested transforming κύκλος into kuklux.9. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, pp.679-68010. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, p. 671-675.11. ^ Bob Brewer Shadow of the Sentinel, p. 72, Simon & Schuster, 2003 ISBN 978-074321968612. ^ "Ku Klux Klan, Organization and Principles, 1868". State University of New York at Albany. http://www.albany.edu/faculty/gz580/his101/kkk.html.13. ^ Horn 1939. Horn casts doubt on some other aspects of the story.14. ^ Cincinnati 'Commercial', August 28, 1868, quoted in Wade 1987.15. ^ Horn 1939, p. 27.16. ^ Parsons 2005, p. 816.17. ^ a b Foner 1989, p. 425-426.18. ^ Foner 1989, p. 342.19. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, p. 677-678.20. ^ Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877, New York: Perennial Classics, 1989; reprinted 2002, p.43221. ^ A special report prepared by the Southern Poverty Law Center. "A Hundred Years of Terror". Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. http://www.iupui.edu/~aao/kkk.html.22. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, pp.674-67523. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, pp.680-68124. ^ Bryant, Jonathan M.. "Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Southern University. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-694.25. ^ The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida by Michael Newton, pp. 1-30. Newton quotes from the Testimony Taken by the Joint Select Committee to Enquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States. Vol. 13. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1872. Among historians of the Klan, this volume is also known as "The KKK testimony".26. ^ Rhodes 1920, pp. 157–158.27. ^ a b Horn 1939, p. 375.28. ^ a b Wade 1987, p. 102.29. ^ White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction by Allen W. Trelease (Louisiana State University Press: 1995)30. ^ Trelease 1995.31. ^ quotes from Wade 1987.32. ^ Horn 1939, p. 360.33. ^ Horn 1939, p. 362.34. ^ a b Wormser, Richard. "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow — The Enforcement Acts (1870–1871)". Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_enforce.html.35. ^ Wade 1987, p. 85.36. ^ Foner 1989, p. 435.37. ^ Wade 1987.38. ^ Horn 1939, p. 373.39. ^ Wade 1987, p. 88.40. ^ Wade 1987, p. 109, writes that by ca. 1871–1874, "For many, the lapse of the enforcement acts was justified since their reason for being — the Ku-Klux Klan — had been effectively smashed as a result of the dramatic showdown in South Carolina". Klan costumes, also called "regalia", disappeared by the early 1870s (Wade 1987, p. 109). The fact that the Klan did not exist for decades was shown when Simmons's 1915 recreation of the Klan attracted only two aging "former Reconstruction Klansmen." All other members were new.(Wade 1987, p. 144).41. ^ "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow: The Enforcement Acts, 1870–1871", Public Broadcast Service, accessed April 5, 200842. ^ Wade 1987, p. 109–110.43. ^ Foner 1989, p. 437, and KKK Hearings, 46th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Report 693, and Taylor 1974, p. 268-270.44. ^ "Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. url=http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/45. ^ Balkin, Jack M. (2002). "History Lesson" (PDF). Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/opeds/historylesson1.pdf.46. ^ Simon, Dennis M.. "The Civil Rights Movement, 1964–1968". Southern Methodist University. http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-CivRts2.html.47. ^ "Viola Liuzzo". Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAliuzzo.htm.48. ^ Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", Constitutional Commentary, Vol.17, 2000, p.27, accessed March 10, 200849. ^ Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", Constitutional Commentary, Vol.17, 2000, pp.12–13, 27, accessed March 10, 200850. ^ Maxine D. Rogers, Larry E. Rivers, David R. Colburn, R. Tom Dye, and William W. Rogers, Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, Florida: Dec 1993, p.2, accessed March 28, 200851. ^ Jackson 1967, p. 241.52. ^ Maxine D. Rogers, et al., Documented History of Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, op.cit., pp.4-6, accessed March 28, 200853. ^ An Interview with Stanley F. Horn - Oral History Interviews of the Forest History Society54. ^ Dray 2002.55. ^ Dray 2002, p. 198. Griffith quickly relayed the comment to the press, where it was widely reported. In subsequent correspondence, Wilson discussed Griffith's filmmaking in a positive tone, without challenging use of his statement.56. ^ Wade 1987, p. 137.57. ^ Letter from J. M. Tumulty, secretary to President Wilson, to the Boston branch of the NAACP, quoted in Link, Wilson.58. ^ The Ku Klux Klan and Related American Racialist and Antisemitic Organizations: A History and Analysis by Chester L Quarles, Page 219. The second Klan's constitution and preamble, reprinted in Quarles book, stated that the second Klan was indebted to the original Klan's Prescripts.59. ^ Lender et al. 1982, p. 33.60. ^ Prendergast 1987, pp. 25-52, 27.61. ^ Barr 1999, p. 370.62. ^ "A Wizard's Indictment". TIME. March 10, 1923. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,846485,00.html.63. ^ a b Jackson, 1992.64. ^ Moore 1991.65. ^ Maxine D. Rogers, et al., Documented History of Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, op.cit., p.6, accessed March 28, 200866. ^ Franklin 1992, p.14567. ^ a b Maxine D. Rogers, et al., Documented History of Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, op.cit., p.7, accessed March 28, 200868. ^ Smith, Robert L. (April 26, 1999). "In the 1920s, the Klan ruled the countryside". The Providence Journal. http://www.projo.com/specials/century/month4/426nw1.htm.69. ^ Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution, New York: Touchstone Book, 2002, p.7570. ^ Weedmark, Kevin. "When the KKK rode high across the Prairies". Moosomin World-Spectator. http://www.world-spectator.com/archives.25.html.71. ^ It's been seventy years since Anaheim booted the Klan, reprinted from the Los Angeles Times72. ^ Feldman 1999.73. ^ Rogers et al., pp. 432-433.74. ^ Rogers et al., p. 433.75. ^ Moore 1991, p.186.76. ^ von Busack, Richard. "Superman Versus the KKK". MetroActive. http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/07.02.98/comics-9826.html.77. ^ Kennedy 1990.78. ^ "The Ku Klux Klan, a brief biography". The African American Registry. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2207/The_Ku_Klux_Klan_a_brief__biography. and Lay, Shawn. "Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Coker College. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730.79. ^ Egerton 1994, p. 562-563.80. ^ "Who Was Harry T. Moore?" — The Palm Beach Post, August 16, 199981. ^ Cox, Major W. (March 2, 1999). "Justice Still Absent in Bridge Death". Montgomery Advertiser. http://www.majorcox.com/columns/edwards1.htm.82. ^ Axtman, Kris (June 23, 2005). "Mississippi verdict greeted by a generation gap". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0623/p01s03-ussc.html.83. ^ Mitchell, Jerry. "24, 2007-seale_N.htm Seale gets 3 life terms for '64 murders". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/August 24, 2007-seale_N.htm.84. ^ "Reputed Klansman, Ex-Cop, and Sheriff's Deputy Indicted For The 1964 Murders of Two Young African-American Men in Mississippi; U.S. v. James Ford Seale". January 24, 2007. http://news.findlaw.com/usatoday/docs/crights/usseale12407ind.html. Retrieved on March 23, 2008.85. ^ Ingalls 1979; Graham, Nicholas (January 2005). "January 1958 -- The Lumbees face the Klan". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/nchistory/jan2005/jan05.html.86. ^ Mark Hand (November 18, 2004). "The Greensboro Massacre". Press Action.87. ^ Thompson 1982.88. ^ The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!", by Betty A. Dobratz & Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile89. ^ Women's Appeal for Justice in Chattanooga - US Department of Justice90. ^ The Victoria Advocate: Bonds for Klan Upheld91. ^ New York Times: History Around the Nation; Jury Award to 5 Blacks Hailed as Blow to Klan92. ^ "Ku Klux Klan". Spartacus Educational, accessed April 22, 2008. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm.93. ^ "Ku Klux Klan". Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm.94. ^ About the Ku Klux Klan, Anti-Defamation League, 2002. According to the report, the KKK's estimated size then was "No more than a few thousand, organized into slightly more than 100 units."95. ^ Brad Knickerbocker (February 9, 2007). "Anti-Immigrant Sentiments Fuel Ku Klux Klan Resurgence". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0209/p02s02-ussc.html.96. ^ a b Eric Pianin, "A Senator's Shame", Washington Post, June 19, 2005, accessed August 4, 200897. ^ a b "Church of the American Knights of the KKK". Anti-Defamation League. October 22, 1999. http://www.adl.org/backgrounders/american_knights_kkk.asp.98. ^ "No. 2 Klan group on trial in Ky. teen's beating". Associated Press. November 11, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27665247/. Retrieved on November 22, 2008.99. ^ "Active U.S. Hate Groups". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/hate.jsp.100. ^ "About the Ku Klux Klan". Anti-Defamation League. http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default.asp.101. ^ "Jury awards $2.5 million to teen beaten by Klan members". CNN. November 14, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/11/14/klan.sued.verdict/index.html. Retrieved on November 18, 2008.102. ^ "Southern Poverty Law Center vs. Imperial Klans of America". Southern Poverty Law Center. July 25, 2007. http://www.splcenter.org/legal/docket/files.jsp?cdrID=69&sortID=2. Retrieved on September 18, 2007.103. ^ Ku Klux Klan - Affiliations Anti-Defamation League.104. ^ "A Visual Database of Extremist Symbols, Logos and Tattoos". Anti-Defamation League. http://www.adl.org/hate_symbols/acronyms_KIGY.asp.105. ^ Axelrod 1997, p. 160.Bibliography* Axelrod, Alan (1997). The International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies & Fraternal Orders. New York: Facts On File.* Barr, Andrew (1999). Drink: A Social History of America. New York: Carroll & Graf.* Chalmers, David M. (1987). Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan. Durahm, N.C.: Duke University Press. pp. 512. ISBN 9780822307303.* Dray, Philip (2002). At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. New York: Random House.* Egerton, John (1994). Speak Now Against the Day: The Generation Before the Civil Rights Movement in the South. Alfred and Knopf Inc..* Feldman, Glenn (1999). Politics, Society, and the Klan in Alabama, 1915-1949. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.* Foner, Eric (1989). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. Perennial (HarperCollins).* Franklin, John Hope (1992). Race and History: Selected Essays 1938-1988. Louisiana State University Press.* Horn, Stanley F. (1939). Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866-1871. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith Publishing Corporation.* Ingalls, Robert P. (1979). Hoods: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.* Jackson, Kenneth T. (1967; 1992 edition). The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930. Oxford University Press.* Kennedy, Stetson (1990). The Klan Unmasked. University Press of Florida.* Lender, Mark E.; James K. Martin (1982). Drinking in America. New York: Free Press.* Levitt, Stephen D.; Stephen J. Dubner (2005). Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: William Morrow.* McWhorter, Diane (2001). Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster.* Moore, Leonard J. (1991). Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.* Newton, Michael; Judy Ann Newton (1991). The Ku Klux Klan: An Encyclopedia. New York & London: Garland Publishing.* Parsons, Elaine Frantz (2005). "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". The Journal of American History 92 (3): 811–836.* Prendergast, Michael L., "A History of Alcohol Problem Prevention Efforts in the United States", written at Greenwich, Connecticut, in Holder, Harold D., Control Issues in Alcohol Abuse Prevention: Strategies for States and Communities, JAI Press, 1987.* Rhodes, James Ford (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. 7.Winner of the Pulitzer Prize.* Rogers, William; Robert Ward, Leah Atkins and Wayne Flynt (1994). Alabama: The History of a Deep South State. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.* Steinberg, Alfred (1962). The man from Missouri; the life and times of Harry S. Truman. New York: Putnam. OCLC 466366.* Taylor, Joe G. (1974). Louisiana Reconstructed, 1863-1877. Baton Rouge.* Thompson, Jerry (1982). My Life in the Klan. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0399126953.* Trelease, Allen W. (1995). White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction. Louisiana State University Press.First published in 1971 and based on massive research in primary sources, this is the most comprehensive treatment of the Klan and its relationship to post-Civil War Reconstruction. Includes narrative research on other night-riding groups. Details close link between Klan and late 19th century and early 20th century Democratic Party.* Wade, Wyn Craig (1987). The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America. New York: Simon and Schuster.An unsympathetic account of both Klans, with a dedication to "my Kentucky grandmother ... a fierce and steadfast Radical Republican from the wane of Reconstruction until her death nearly a century later".Further reading* Blee, Kathleen M. (1992). Women of the Klan. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07876-4.* "White supremacist groups flourishing". The Associated Press. http://www.gainesville.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070206/WIRE/702050325/-1/news.* Nelson, Jack (1993). Terror in the Night: The Klan's Campaign Against the Jews. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-69223-2.External linksSister project Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ku Klux Klan* The Knights Party website* Imperial Klans of America: "Stand for Christ, Race and Nation"* Klan Tableau A film documenting William Christenberry's Klan Tableau in Washington, D.C. (Includes interview with Christenberry.)* The History of the Original Ku Klux Klan — by an anonymous author sympathetic to the original Klan.* The Southern Poverty Law Center Report* The ADL on the KKK* Proceedings of the Second Imperial Klonvocation (1924)* In 1999, South Carolina town defines the KKK as terrorist* A long interview with Stanley F. Horn, author of Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866-1871.* Full text of the Klan Act of 1871 (simplified version)* The Protestant "Kluxing" of Cañyon City, Colorado — (Cañyon City Public Library)* Ku Klux Klan leader predicts Barack Obama will be assassinated - Scotsman.com August 10, 2008.* KKK (Amarillo, Tex.) 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COMPLETELY UPDATED IN 2008 - Database and Calculation Software for the Satellite Industryhttp://www.satnews.com/satfinder.shtmlTHE DATABASE SECTIONhas information on over 500 satellites (orbital location, frequencies, EIRP, G/T, SFD, bandwidth, programming etc.) and 9,000 companies (address, tel, fax, web, products, services and contact names etc.) and 19,000 executives in the commercial satellite industry. Containing a very fast search ability plus over 800 hundred EIRP, G/T & SFD maps in color not published anywhere else. THE CALCULATION SECTIONHas full up-down digital link budget calculators with input provision for uplink power control (UPC), ALC, various interferences and multiple carriers. Finds HPA size, uplink power requirements, bandwidth and power usage per carrier. Calculates atmospheric losses and rain fade margins for any desired availability on uplink and downlink. Handles BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK or M-QAM with any FEC code rate. Determines power or bandwidth limited modes and calculates the power equivalent bandwidth, if appropriate. Provision for RS codes or 'Turbo' modems. Option for rain up AND rain down scenarios where uplink and downlink are from/to the same city.Database SectionUsers can search from amongst Company Information, Satellite Details, What's On Satellite, Uplink Providers, Country Standards and a full List of Executives.COMPANY INFORMATIONThis section includes information on:INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES - Government Regulators & Administrators with contact names and addresses for domestic and international public network services; Information on each country's TV & electrical standards, Cabled Household Numbers etc.; State, Provincial & Local Authorities.SPACECRAFT - Launch Vehicle capabilities and a four year international analysis of planned launch schedules; Manufacturers of Propulsion Systems, Spacecraft, Satellites and Satellite Components.MANUFACTURERS OF SATELLITE GROUND EQUIPMENT - Amplifiers; Antennas; Baseband Equipment; Cable; Converters; Complete Earth Stations; Feed Systems; Filters; Modems; Modulators; Multiplexers; Positioners; Power Supplies; Processors; Software; Teleconferencing Products; Test & Diagnostic Equipment; Transmitters; VSATs and many other products. Includes descriptive details on the fast growing DBS marketNETWORK SYSTEMS - System Integrators; Corporate & Business Networks; VSAT Systems & Management; Videoconferencing. Global Positioning System; Mobile Telephones, Video & Voice Systems; Transportable Equipment.USERS AND PROVIDERS OF SATELLITE SERVICES - Satellite Programmers; Broadcasters; Major Cable Systems; Educational & Religious Programmers; Distributors of Hardware; Transmission Services; Transponder Brokers; Common Carriers - all the providers of satellite-delivered video voice and data transmission services.GENERAL SERVICES - Comprehensive contact and descriptive information on Technical and Consulting Services; Installation and Mainenance Companies, Associations; Legal Services; Insurance Brokers and Underwriters; Research Centers; Financial Institutions; Publishers.SATELLITE DETAILSThis section includes information on:SATELLITE OPERATORS - System Operators including Intelsat, PanAmSat, Inmarsat, Intersputnik Telesat Canada, Eutelsat, Arabsat, Palapa, Optus and many others; Complete details on planned satellite systems with full details on their complex operations.GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES - Complete information on over 500 satellites including their mass, dimension, location, date of launch, number & type of transponders, users, operators, and many other relevant facts.EIRP MAPS - Invaluable EIRP, SFD & G/T color maps giving essential engineering & technical information for all operational and most planned satellite systems.WHAT’S ON SATELLITEThis is a complete guide to all operating satellites. You get the operating frequencies; video, voice or data activity; format used; transponder allocations and FEC.UPLINK FACILITIESThis is a complete guide to all the companies that provide uplink and transmission services. Includes the location; operator name & address; satellite orientation; capabilities & services provided.COUNTRY STANDARDSInformation on the standars of satellite and broadcasting which are used worldwide. Also includes general telecommunications and other useful information.LIST OF EXECUTIVESWant to create a mailing list? Here are the contact details (which includes what the companies do) on over 19,000 executives. Create a marketing and sales campaign exactly designed for your products or services.Database SectionUsed by Broadcasters, SNG operators, VSAT designers, dish installation companies and dealers serving the satellite TV industry. Calculation capacity including dish aiming, link budget analysis and solar outage prediction provide the backbone of the package. The link budget facilities employ rain attenuation and atmospheric absorption prediction modeling even for low elevations. These and other useful features, such as an integral magnetic variation calculation and over 30,000 stored town/city coordinates, combine to enable a system to be either designed for any global location. Designed to be very simple to use, it works just like any other Windows application with pull-down menus, toolbar for shortcuts, dialog boxes, text and graphics windows, a status bar and a comprehensive help system.You can calculate the following:Digital Link Budgets: To view the output of a typical Digital Link Budget Click HereFull up-down digital link budget calculators with input provision for uplink power control (UPC), ALC, various interferences and multiple carriers. Finds HPA size, uplink power requirements, bandwidth and power usage per carrier. Calculates atmospheric losses and rain fade margins for any desired availability on uplink and downlink. Handles BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK or M-QAM with any FEC code rate. Determines power or bandwidth limited modes and calculates the power equivalent bandwidth, if appropriate. Provision for RS codes or 'Turbo' modems. Option for rain up AND rain down scenarios where uplink and downlink are from/to the same city.Click numbers 1-4 to see other digital link budget inputs 1 2 3 4Features included:* Digital link budgets for Satellite TV, SNG, radio and data* FM link budgets* Sun outage prediction (single site and satellite)* Sun outage batch file handling (multiple sites or multiple satellites)* Antenna aiming* Dual/multi feed positioning* Dish sizing* Polar mount alignment* EIRP, SFD and G/T map viewer* Automatic magnetic variation calculation* Solar transit times* Off-axis gains* Rain attenuation model (ITU-R P.618-8 or Crane)* Calculates atmospheric absorption and tropospheric scintillation losses* Loads and displays decoded two line element (TLE) files (SGP4/SDP4 model)* Fast batch processing of up to 500 GEO link budgets* Ionospheric scintillation estimator* Four satellite, ASI calculator within GEO 'bent pipe' link budget modules* Automatic 'Antenna Noise' calculation option* Tabulation of R0.01 values and rain attenuation for a selected country* Highlighting of key link budget results* Non-reflector gains and effective apertures accepted* Polarization offset shown in 'Satellites above Horizon' listings* Generates numerous graphs and tables* Numerous satellite based calculation tools such as G/T and off axis antenna gains.The software can calculate digital link budgets for GEO satellite 'bent-pipe' and regenerative transponders as well as snapshot digital link budgets for some NON GEO varieties. Minimum system requirements are Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP (Intel) with at least 800*600 display resolution and any i586 (Pentium) or later. Will run on older processors.Link Budget CalculatorsFull up-down digital link budget calculators with provision for interference input, uplink power control (UPC), ALC, E.S. intermodulation. interference and multiple carriers per HPA. Finds HPA size, uplink power requirements, bandwidth and power usage per carrier. Calculates atmospheric losses and rain fade margins for any desired availability on uplink and downlink. Optional auto-estimation of output back off and transponder intermodulation interference. Handles BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK or M-QAM with any FEC code rate. Determines if transponder is power or bandwidth limited and calculates the power equivalent bandwidth if appropriate. Provision for RS codes or 'Turbo' modems. Option for rain up AND rain down scenarios where uplink and downlink are from/to the same city.Rain Attenuation ModelsITU-R P.618-8, Crane global or Crane revised two component models are supported without any requirement to consult maps. These models are used for link budgets, graphs and tables and have simple radio button selection. For the ITU-R model it is also possible to enter locally obtained R0.01 values in mm/h.Atmospheric LossesFor low elevation paths, atmospheric absorption and tropospheric scintillation losses are significant. The program calculates these parameters as standard but there is also an option to zero these parameters for comparison with other link budget tools that neglect them.Tabulate Availability v Rain AttenuationGenerates tables of availability, rain attenuation, XPD and expected downtimes.Separate Rain Attenuation ModuleQuickly calculate XPD, rain attenuation and noise increase due to rain for use with other software and spreadsheets. Tabulate rate tables for any selected country.Antenna AimingCalculates elevation, true azimuth, compass bearing and polarization offset for any geostationary satellite from any location. No need to know magnetic variation values, it's all automated. Finds minimum and maximum antenna elevation for satellites in inclined orbits.Quick Dish SizingShort form downlink budgets digital TV broadcasts using GEO satellites with minimum dish size optimizer.Sun Outage PredictionPresents accurate annual lists of date and time windows for geostationary satellite/ground station combinations worldwide. All time zones supported. Output in Local Civil Time or GMT. Please note, this module is not suitable for elderly satellites placed in inclined orbits. There is also a batch file processes to produce listings for either multiple sites, or multiple satellites, ready for pasting into MS Excel or a similar spreadsheet program.Dual / Multi Feed CalculationsFinds relative satellite and feed spacing relative to boresight. Calculates antenna "squinting" efficiency for link budget. Execute any number of times for multiple feeds. Tabulate dual feed calculations for major towns and cities in a country with average value.Footprint MapsOver 500 colour G/T, SFD and EIRP footprint maps included in BMP, GIF, PCX, TIFF and JPEG formats. More can be added. Maps can be exported to paste into reports etc. Click Here to see a sampleFlexible Output OptionsPrints reports with your company name at the top or output may be copied and pasted into MS Excel or similar as tab delimited text for unlimited customisation. Reports and tables may also be saved in HTML for uses such as emailing, uploading to web sites or importing into other applications.Reference MapsDisplays world and regional maps of ITU and Crane rain-climatic zones, seasonal water vapour density and mean surface temperatures.Modified Polar MountsLocate true north/south anywhere in the world using the sun's position as your guide. Calculates modified polar mount angles for any latitude with notes on installation.Wind LoadingCalculates overturning moment (OTM) and ballast required for a given wind speed. Assumes antenna is pole mounted using a base frame weighted with concrete blocks.Overcome Local Magnetic AnomaliesSelect monthly tabulations of the local time when the sun and a selected satellite have the same azimuth. Useful where local magnetic anomalies may affect compass readings.Tabulate Availability v Rain AttenuationGenerates tables of availability, rain attenuation, XPD and expected downtimes.Data FilesSupplied with a satellite data file and over 30,000 town and city records arranged in over 200 separate country data files. Easy browse transfer of data to input forms. All databases may be user edited. The satellite data is also updated and may be downloaded at any time. Easy browse transfer of data from database section to input forms. All databases may be user edited.Table GeneratorTabulates modified polar mount angles, antenna look angles to any geostationary satellite from multiple town/city locations in a selected country, 'visible' satellites from either a single location or two sites.Graph PlotsPlots graphs relating to digital modulation, ITU-R or Crane rain attenuation models, BER v Eb/No, atmospheric absorption, dish parabolas, lobe patterns and much more. There is also a BER v Eb/No reference chart for Reed Solomon concatenated Viterbi codes and 'turbo' codecs at various FEC rates.Calculations and ConversionsPerforms often used calculations and conversions, including antenna focal distances, rain attenuation with noise increase, off-axis gains and power spectral densities. Includes an editable mathematical expression evaluator.Tool BarIncludes convenient toolbar with speed buttons for most often used menu selections. Menu option for quick opening of the six most recently used files.Multiple Document InterfaceAllows mixes of link budgets, maps, graphs and tables within a single application window. Ideal for comparing link budgets.Persistent Input DataInput forms under the Graph, Table and Calculate menus have persistence of input data by default but can be turned off.Batch Link Budget CalculatorCalculates a full set of GEO digital link budget output parameters. It's like running a standard link budget program up to 500 times with different data. Can save hours of tedious link budget work compared to using point-to-point link budget programs.Large Help File40,000 word technical help file packed with easy-to-understand theory and practice. Ideal as a staff training or self learning aid for those new to the industry. Help file is fully context sensitive by using the F1 key or selecting the button on any active input field. Option to call up any other third party help file, directly from the application's menu.Total cost of a single user SatFinder licence with four database updates thoroughout the year is $1,250. For Information on multiple site licenses - Click Here.YOUR SITE LICENSE INCLUDES:* YOU GET 4 CD's - one every 3 months (a new database is created every quarter)* YOU ALSO GET a free current edition of the International Satellite Directory (Value $495.00)* PLUS YOU ALSO GET free access to our OnLine database maintained on a monthly update basis.(Value $425.00)All output can be directly pasted into common Windows packages, as either common delimited text or tiff images for editing, customization or to be included in other documents.PrintSatnews DailyDie, Spy Satellite, Die — Says U.S. Homeland Security SecretaryIn a report from Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano plans to do away with a program begun by the Bush administration that would use U.S. spy satellites for domestic security and law enforcement.Napolitano recently reached her decision after the program was discussed with law enforcement officials, in which she was told it was not an urgent issue, according to an employee who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss it.The program, called the National Applications Office, was announced in 2007 and was to have the Homeland Security Department use overhead and mapping imagery from existing satellites for homeland security and law enforcement purposes, but has been delayed because of privacy and civil liberty concerns.According to Rep. Jane Harman, a California Democrat and House homeland security committee member who was briefed on the department's classified intelligence budget the program was included in the Obama administration's 2010 budget request. She had not been given final word that the program would be killed.For years, domestic agencies such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Interior Department have had access to this satellite imagery for scientific research, to assist in response to natural disasters like hurricanes and fires, and to map out vulnerabilities during a major public event like the Super Bowl. Since 1974 the agency's requests satellite imagery have been made through the federal interagency group, the Civil Applications Committee. The Bush administration, however, decided to funnel the requests through the Homeland Security Department and expand their use for homeland security and law enforcement purposes.Anti-Satellite WeaponsOverview* Programs Program 437* Program 505* Air-Launched Miniature Vehicle (ALMV)* Kinetic Energy ASAT [KE-ASAT]* Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser [MIRACL]* High Energy Research and Technology Facility (HERTF)* Targets and VulnerabilityOther Resources* Duel Between an ASAT with Multiple Kill Vehicles and a Space-Based Weapons Platform with Kinetic Energy Weapons by P. Cutchis, Institute for Defense Analyses, January 1986* Space target with multi-spectral energy reflectivity, U.S. Patent 4,733,236, March 22, 1988* Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack, presented to the House Armed Services Committee, July 2004* US Space System Survivability: Strategic Alternatives for the 1990s by Robert B. Giffen, National Defense University, 1982 (1.75 MB PDF file)* Vulnerability Assessment of the Transportation Infrastructure Relying on the Global Positioning System, prepared for the Department of Transportation, August 29, 2001.* High Altitude Nuclear Detonations (HAND) Against Low Earth Orbit Satellites (HALEOS), Defense Threat Reduction Agency, April 2001.* Testimony of Gordon P. Soper, hearing on "Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) -- Should this be a Problem of National Concern to Businesses Small and Large as well as Government?" House Small Business Committee, June 1, 1999.* Survivability: Critical Process Assessment Tool, 14 August 1998* Thinking About Space Warfare by Allen Thomson, Space News, April 22-28, 1996.* Space Reconnaissance Vulnerability by Allen Thomson, Space News, October 10-16 1994.* Civil Satellite Vulnerability by Allen Thomson, Space News, 20-26 February 1995.* Satellite Vulnerability: a post-Cold War issue? by Allen Thomson, Space Policy (ISSN 0265-9646), 11 (1), February 1995, pp.19-30.* Threats to United States Space Capabilities by Tom Wilson, prepared for the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization, January 2001.* Recommended Changes in U.S. Military Space Policies and Programs, submitted to the Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy, October 1988* The U.S. Anti-Satellite Program: A Key Element in the National Strategy of Deterrence, from the Reagan White House, 1987* Space Countermeasures Hands On Program (CHOP), March 2001 (PowerPoint presentation, >1.6 MB)* Space Countermeasures Hands On Program Designs Docking Nanosatellite in Six Weeks, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2002* Target Effects Assessment from Commerce Business Daily, September 29, 2000* Space Control Architecture - briefing from DOD Space Architect* Spacecast 2020 RAPID SPACE FORCE RECONSTITUTION (RASFOR)* Spacecast 2020 Space Modular Systems* Air Force 2025 Star Tek-Exploiting the Final Frontier: Counterspace Operations in 2025* Military Is Hoping to Test-Fire Laser Against Satellite* U.S. weighes sharing satellite laser test data By Bill Gertz THE WASHINGTON TIMES January 2, 1998* Yeltsin letter reveals anti-satellite weapons By Bill Gertz THE WASHINGTON TIMES November 7, 1997* "Contracting speeds up ASAT effort" U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command December 1996* Shooting Down a "Star" Program 437, the US Nuclear ASAT System and Present-Day Copycat Killers Clayton K Chun, CADRE paper no. 6 - AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL CENTER FOR AEROSPACE DOCTRINE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION* Proceedings of the First Space Systems Survivability Workshop, 14-15 April 1966FAS | Space | Military | Programs |||| Search | Join FAShttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/asat/Maintained by Steven AftergoodCreated by John PikeUpdated May 23, 2007
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http://www.studyoverseas.com/http://education.jimmyr.com/https://www.youtube.com/metricclaywww.tinkernut.comhttp://www.ocwconsortium.org/This video points out some great online resources for taking free college courses from accredited universities.http://www.ocwconsortium.org/http://www.ocwfinder.com/http://itunes.stanford.edu/http://www.cmu.edu/oli/http://oyc.yale.edu/Category: Howto & Stylehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5N46j5C5Rag&feature=relatedMIT reaches OpenCourseWare milestoneMIT has recently completed a six-year project to put course materials from all MIT classes online. This shortprogram explains the initiative and features MIT officers and New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman talkingabout the importance of OCW.MIT Offers All Course Material Onlinehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4F8kJchX4I&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCi3pBHVYBE&feature=relatedhttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
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Signal to NoiseCEI's Technology Policy DigestJune 25, 2009The National Broadband DebateFCC's National Broadband Plan for Our Futurehttp://broadbandcensus.com/2009/06/at-mondays-deadline-industry-advocacy-groups-weigh-in-on-fcc-broadband-plan/CEI's Wayne Crews and Ryan Radia Weigh Inhttp://cei.org/rcandtestimony/2009/06/08/cei-comments-national-broadband-plan-our-futureCEI in the BlogosphereFTC to Monitor Blogs for Undisclosed Compensationby Elizabeth Jacobson"The FTC. . . wants to extend its reach to Twitter and other social media services. Perhaps Twitter will have to increase its 140-character limit if users who tweet about a product will be required to include a “#CompensatedReviewFTCCompliant” hashtag."http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/22/ftc-to-monitor-bloggers-for-undisclosed-compensation/Wasteful Regulationby Merin YuIn an attempt to soften the effects of this regulation, the government had the idea of offering $40 coupons to offset the costs of a converter box (which can run up to $80) that would be necessary for older televisions to continue to function. However, as of January 4, 2009, more than five months before the switch, the government had already run out of coupons. Estimates suggest that 1 in 4 households will dispose of a TV, many of them in perfect working condition, due to the switch to DTV.http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/17/wasteful-regulation/U.S. Senate Investigates Mobile Phone Exclusivity Dealsby Elizabeth JacobsonIt’s far from clear that mobile phone exclusivity agreements have made the marketplace less competitive. More dubious still are claims that exclusive agreements are hurting consumers. Were the FCC to declare that exclusivity contracts are somehow anticompetitive, then the effort to benefit a few consumers would result in slower innovation, higher prices, and less overall choice for all consumers.http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/21/us-senators-all-consumers-have-a-right-to-own-an-iphone/One Policy, One System, Universal Serviceby Jack O'ConnorToday, as the FCC invites comments on “a national broadband plan for our future,” no one seriously believes that telecom monopolies are a good idea. Even pro-regulation advocacy groups like Free Press now support “competition policies"http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/15/one-policy-one-system-universal-service/Export Controls: Impediments to Tech Free Tradeby Alex HarrisLaws ostensibly designed to prevent terrorism and proliferation in fact control way more than weapons and chemicals - indeed, they regulate even extremely mundane goods like servers, software with encryption, and the technical data used to design and build such products.http://techliberation.com/2009/06/18/export-controls-and-other-impediments-to-free-trade/In The NewsWoman Found Liable in File-SharingThe Wall Street Journal, 06-19-09Broadband Internet Fairness Act Introduced to CongressPeter Smith, ITWorld.com, 06-18-09Congressman Files Bill to Stop Tiered Broadband PricingStacey Higginbotham, GigaOM, 06-17-09AT&T and Verizon Deny Price-Fixing AccusationsMarguerite Reardon, CNET.news, 06-16-09Questions Senators Should be Asking Julius GenachowskiRichard Morrison, Competitive Enterprise Institute, 06-15-09Will Web Poker Bust Spark Fight or Flight?Liz Benston, Las Vegas Sun, 06-15-09Lawmakers Blast Internet Data CollectionAmy Schatz, Wall Street Journal, 06-10-09Senators to Examine Exclusive Handset DealsNancy Gohring, ITWorld.com, 06-16-09Why We Love TechnologyThe Military Application of the iPhoneBenjamin Sutherland, Newsweek, 04-27-09June 23rd is Alan Turing's Birthday--Read More About the Father of Computer ScienceWikipeida's bioThe Turing Test from the Standford Encyclopdia of PhilosophyRyan LynchDirector of Web Development and ITCompetitive Enterprise Instituterlynch@cei.orghttp://www.cei.orghttp://www.openmarket.org202-331-1010Aerial Weapons & C4ISR and EW at the 2007 Paris Airshowhttp://defense-update.com/events/2007/summary/parisairshow07systems.htm#moreAESA radars continue to capture the imagination and enthusiasm of designers and air forces, as their development progress and systems becoming more mature and reliable. While only a few systems actually work with full functionality on a regular basis, Active Electronic Scanning Array (AESA) provides virtually unlimited growth potential, due to its inherent agility (as a software controlled, electronically steering device), and design flexibility. Apart from its basic radar functionality, AESA can be used actively or passively, in support of a broad range of applications – including high power jamming, communications datalink or electronic intelligence (ELINT) sensor, passively employing its sensitive receive modules. (more...)Communicating by RadarTapping the potential of non-traditional Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Raytheon and L-3 Communications teamed to exploit data transfer applications of AESA radars. During flight tests conducted by the team, AESA radars were used to communicate high bandwidth SAR image map data at extremely high speed – far exceeding the capabilities of current fighter communication systems. Images were sent at a TV speed of 30 frames per second, from the aircraft to a ground based processing center. When image exploitation was completed, it was transmitted back to the aircraft, with the analyst's annotations.This capability demonstrates the potential uses of AESA radars with tactical and surveillance aircraft as well as unmanned systems. This new capability is poised to become a key element in the Global Information Grid (GIG), adding potential secure communication links that will increase the GIG's information gathering and decision making utility for all users. As these radars proliferate among operational units and the transmit-receive infrastructure grows, these capabilities will support an increasing array of applications such as combat identification and homeland security, areas where communications interoperability and data fusion are essential.Email this • Digg This! (7 Diggs) • Technorati Links • Subscribe to this feed • Stumble It! (2 Reviews) • Discuss on Newsvine • Save to del.icio.us (113 saves, tagged: military defense news)Going Net Centric now!The thrust for net-centricity and overarching control via datalinks has also some negative effects, as it overloads the limited electromagnetic spectrum resources, driving users into ever higher frequencies. One of the ultimate solutions is the use narrow-band laser communications, carrying broadband point-to-point communications between airborne or surface bound terminals and specially equipped satellite. (Laser communications between satellites is already in development). The advantages of laser communications are numerous – they are discrete, resistant to countermeasures, extremely difficult to intercept and are immune to conventional eavesdropping techniques. Since these links do not require frequency coordination, they can establish connection rapidly and can sustain high transfer rates (and operating at high data-rate (100 MB/sec - 1 GB/sec).Live communications via the Laser Optical Link (LOLA) was demonstrated during the Paris Air Show by the French Ministry of Defense' armament development and procurement agency (DGA). The exhibit was linked, via satellite, to an airborne Mystère 20 aircraft, transmitting live imagery captured on board. The display transferred live video from the cabin sending clear views of the countryside below. LOLA rapidly established links, within less than one second, and consistently transferred data at rates of 50 Mb/sec.Advanced Integrated Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (I-ISTAR) technologies, developed by Thales, highlighted an accelerated processing cycle of the Observation, Orientation, Decision and Action (OODA). Thales is developing the Aeros Recon NG recce pod as an airborne recce EO system for the French Rafale. The pod has already been qualified for the Mirage 2000 and will enter service with Rafale F3 by 2009 for the French Air Force and Navy. One of the new technologies demonstrated by Thales this year, is the "Imagery on Demand" (IOD) technology, enabling the dissemination of real-time optimized optical or SAR images over low-bandwidth battlefield communications. Such systems enable analysts and end users to share images processed by the Thales MINDS systems deployed in fixed or forward locations.Non traditional ISR is becoming a popular element in the planning and support of joint operations. At the Paris Airshow DRS described now Advanced Fighter Aircraft Command and control system (AFACE) pod system could establish real-time, worldwide air-to-air and air-to-ground modular communications and intelligence sharing network. Current FACE pods, carried on standard missile launch rails by A-10s, F-15s, F-18 and CF-18s have accumulated over fifty thousand flight hours, offering faster response to time critical targets and significantly improving low altitude communications, since they reduce the aircraft dependency on UHF/VHF repeater towers. The advanced version will be available in pod, or internally mounted configurations, providing real-time flight tracking (via GPS and INS). It will include a flight data recorder providing mission planning and debriefing functions. AFACE will introduce more versatile communications including secure voice and data, video, support conference calls and pilot dial-out. It will also include broadband Iridium link and WiFi connection. The system is offered with two add-on modules, supporting non traditional ISR and counter IED missions. The geo-referenced targeting mission module will establish geo-referenced imagery database on board enabling users to download relevant images according to their preference. The system will also support 'cursor on target' functionality, extracting accurate target coordinates for geo-targeted weapons. For the Anti-IED (electronic attack) mission, the system could be used to augment other EW platforms covering high priority missions, rendering select ground threats ineffective.The Russian Communications specialist Polyot unveiled some of the new capabilities, driving the evolving command and control infrastructure supporting modern Russian fighters, used domestically and for export. Polyot claims that aircraft supported by their encrypted, jam resistant datalinks can achieve up to 25% increase in combat effectiveness, by establishing autonomous fighter groups and reducing pilot workload. The systems support high speed data networks and use universal interfaces for integration, linking the aircraft avionics and ground based communications.A more autonomous 'pilot associate' style system was introduced by Elbit Systems. Called "On-Board Decision Support and Mission Planning System – ODSS, this system is designed to arrange, process and display to the pilot, the most relevant mission critical information necessary for optimal flight path decision. Based on operational expertise, experience and input from combat pilots, Elbit Systems established the ODSS knowledge-base, employing artificial intelligence system to analyze current mission data, tactical and geographical information, generating a recommended flight path designed for each mission profile. For example, ODSS can recommend an optimal flight path which leaves optimal space for evasive maneuvers in a segment of the flight path exposed to enemy threats. The system is used on the ground, supporting an automated mission preparation. While airborne, ODSS contributes to faster, more accurate and efficient decisions, based on the rapid and continuous analysis of multiple possible options.Precision Attack Getting Cheaper?Few new weapons were on display here. Much of the work is being focused on reducing the 'cost of precision kill' by introducing affordable, high precision guidance systems, and lighter weapons both contributing to more precise effect with less collateral damage. To enhance future, low-cost guided weapons, low-cost strap-down dual-mode seekers employing Semi-Active Laser (SAL) and Infra-Red (IR) guidance systems are developed by MBDA. These components will be used with powerful, low-cost computing and actuating systems enhancing future 'smart' munitions, including 68/70mm guided rockets, 155mm guided artillery projectiles and 120mm mortar bombs.Elbit Systems also unveiled a laser guidance kit developed for aerial weapons. In the past, the company developed laser guidance kits for the Wizzard guided bomb; these have now been miniaturized into guidance kits, fitting bombs as well as much smaller 68/70mm rockets, converting these into ‘metric’ precision-guided weapons. The kit, designated "STAR" improves the accuracy and overall effectiveness of attack missions as well as reducing collateral damage. The STAR guidance kit was recently selected by Boeing, to upgrade the JDAM GPS guided bombs.Sagem displayed the growing family of AASM guided bombs, including 2,000, 1,000 and 500 pound weapons. Another version, a 250 pound guided bomb is currently in development. AASM is scheduled to enter service with the French Air Force Rafale squadrons this year (2007). Boeing recently received $28 million contract to fit laser guidance kits to 600 existing 500 pounds JDAMS (400 for the air force, 200 for the Navy) by 2009 to meet a quick reaction USAF program.Fighting over GPS ControlGPS has become so common and natural, that we can’t think how we could live without it. But GPS is also highly sensitive to interference and deception, especially at war, when GPS jammers are employed. Such systems were shown by the Russian company Aviaconversiya, the same company that, in 2003, sold GPS jammers to Saddam Hussein. Aviaconversiya presented a range of portable / airborne and remotely controlled jammers called "Umbrella" that can cover a wire area disabling GPS services over the entire country. The employment of such systems will deny both friendly and enemy use of GPS guided systems, such as simple UAVs and GPS guided weapons (such as JDAM). "We don’t know how many systems were sold to Iraq, since they were procured by middlemen" Aviaconversiya executive told Defense Update, ‘but there were plenty of them. Until then, our biggest customer was the US government, buying our systems for evaluation and testing". He added.The Pentagon is certainly concerned about the vulnerability of its GPS systems. Several programs were launched to eliminate this capability gap. In particular, extensive work is in progress to improve the capability of the GPS guided Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) to overcome GPS jamming. In June 2007 Boeing announced the successful completion of developmental flight testing of its integrated GPS Anti-Jam system (IGAS) for JDAM. According to Boeing’s program manager for IGAS, Dennis Kast, "IGAS uses digital signal processing to significantly reduce the impact of GPS jamming, allowing the warfighter to use the weapon with confidence in a variety of battlefield environments". Boeing will complete the system’s development in 2007 and plans initial deliveries in 2008.Another GPS counter-countermeasure, designed to protect GPS navigation systems against enemy jamming and deception was unveiled by Elisra, a member of the Elbit Systems group. The system went through successful flight trials exhibiting smooth and stable functioning. Throughout the test the system successfully annulled powerful jammers with its advanced spatial null steering technology, fully meeting the tests’ complex jamming challenge. The system, designated iSN/V1 ensures on-board GPS receivers are generating reliable, uninterrupted GPS solutions. The system covers extensive geographical areas, providing immunity for multiple satellite channels and handling multiple jammers operating on concurrent frequencies. It is designed for operation on board any system utilizing GPS, including aircraft, helicopters and UAVsGetting to Zero Update25 June 2009Please note, BASIC and Crisis Action have a bi-weekly update devoted solely to diplomatic developments related to Iran's nuclear program, which may be found at the following web address: www.basicint.org/update/iran.htm.Previous editions of BASIC's GTZ Update are available here.To subscribe or unsubscribe from this update, please visit the following page: www.basicint.org/contacts/index.php.IN THIS ISSUE:* BASIC and Getting to Zero (GTZ)* Commitments to Disarmament and Arms Control* Country Reportso United Stateso United Kingdomo Irano North Koreao Russiao Pakistan* Missile Defense* Additional PublicationsBASIC and Getting to Zero (GTZ)BASIC staff have been meeting with officials in Washington and London while the U.S. administration is conducting a Nuclear Posture Review and the British government is facing pressure to reconsider moving ahead with a replacement platform for its nuclear weapon system. Martin Butcher authored a background briefing on the NPR for BASIC in an effort to inform European officials about the process. The NPR will surely have consequences for NATO's Strategic Concept Review, which the alliance has now started. Paul Ingram, BASIC's Executive Director, and Ian Davis, founder of NATO Watch, warn in this blog entry for the Connect U.S. Fund that NATO will need to pay particular attention to its relationship with Russia in order to allow the Obama administration to pursue fully its nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament goals.* Obama's Nuclear Posture Review: Putting flesh on the bone of his nuclear diplomacy (PDF)Martin Butcher, Getting to Zero Special Briefing, June 23, 2009 http://www.basicint.org/pubs/Special-NPR%20(3).pdf* NATO reform critical to the Obama Administration's nuclear disarmament agendaPaul Ingram and Ian Davis, Connect U.S. Fund Blog, May 1, 2009http://www.connectusfund.org/blogs/nato-reform-critical-obama-administration%E2%80%99s-nuclear-disarmament-agendaCommitments to Disarmament and Arms ControlPreparatory Committee for 2010 NPT considered a successDelegates to the third and final session of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) for the 2010 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference (RevCon) agreed on a provisional agenda for the 2010 Review Conference - the first time one has been agreed upon in 15 years. The agenda includes consideration of provisions to protect non-nuclear weapons states from nuclear coercion, the establishment of more nuclear weapon-free zones, operationalizing the right of each nation to develop peaceful nuclear energy, and measures to deepen nonproliferation and disarmament.Delegates failed, despite attempts, to adopt a list of specific recommendations for the RevCon. The first draft, released by the Chair on May 7th, recommended concrete steps to be taken toward disarmament, including reducing the operational status of nuclear forces, marginalizing their role in security policies, and refraining from their "qualitative improvement." But the revised draft, released the following week, watered down the disarmament proposals putting greater emphasis on the implementation of nonproliferation initiatives and highlighting the 1995 Resolution on the Middle East (for a WMD free zone). Demands from some non-nuclear weapon states that the nuclear weapons states agree to legally-binding commitments to dismantle their nuclear arsenals and not to use their nuclear weapons against non-nuclear states were rejected. Members failed to adopt the second revision of recommendations. Nevertheless, the Prep Com was considered to be successful - few had expected any concrete agreements at this point, and the stage has been set for 2010.Conference on Disarmament - FM(c)TThe second session of the 2009 Conference on Disarmament also experienced a breakthrough. Soon after U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's opening remarks on May 18 made reference to the encouraging political climate for disarmament, the Conference created a working group to discuss the development of a Fissile Material (cut-off) Treaty (FM(c)T). The White House released a statement by U.S. President Barack Obama declaring, "Today's decision ends more than a decade of inactivity in the Conference on Disarmament, and signals a commitment to work together on this fundamental challenge."STARTThe first round of substantive negotiations for follow-on to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) was held in Moscow from May 18-20, with a second round of negotiations held in Geneva from June 1-3. The U.S. delegation was led by Assistant Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller, and the Russian team was headed by Anatoly Antonov, the Russian Foreign Ministry's Chief of Security and Disarmament. The United States reported productive meetings, and a Russian spokeswoman for President Medvedev said that a draft document to replace the 1991 START agreements may be ready by the July 6-8 summit in Moscow. Negotiators began their third round of meetings on June 23 in Geneva. START expires on December 5 of this year.IAEA continues selection process for a new Director GeneralThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has not yet selected a new Director General to replace its current Director, General Mohamed ElBaradei, who steps down in November 2009. Currently there are five nominated candidates for the position: Mr. Yukya Amano (Japan); Mr. Luis Echavarri (Spain); Mr. Abdul Samad Minty (South Africa); Mr. Ernest Petric (Slovenia); and Mr. Jean-Pol Poncelet (Belgium). Following April's elections when all candidates failed to gain the necessary two-thirds majority from the IAEA Board of Governors, a secret non-binding "straw poll" was held on June 9, and Japan's Amano received 20 of the 35 votes cast, leaving him just short of the required two-thirds majority, and South Africa's Minty received 11 votes. A formal vote is scheduled for July 2, and will be repeated until a candidate garners the two-thirds requirement. Diplomats fear that a protracted election process combined with the North-South tension already prevalent on the IAEA Board could damage the Agency.U.N Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon launches the "WMD-WeMustDisarm! Campaign"On June 13, U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon marked the 100 days leading up to the International Day of Peace on September 21 by launching a new U.N. campaign to "raise awareness of the true costs and dangers of nuclear weapons." Each day during the 100-day campaign, a reason why the international community should support nuclear disarmament is shared via Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, and other social networking and Internet media venues. The United Nations Foundation has a 'We Must Disarm Declaration' open for signatures on their webpage to support the campaign. On June 15 Ban Ki-Moon issued a statement on the importance of expediently bringing the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty into force. He appealed to the nations that have not yet signed and ratified the Treaty to do so as quickly as possible.Further ReadingIndonesia will Ratify CTBT if U.S. doesUPI, June 9, 2009http://www.upi.com/Emerging_Threats/2009/06/09/Indonesia-to-ratify-CTBT-if-US-does/UPI-14461244588906/Obama seeks global uranium fuel bankBryan Bender, Boston Globe, June 8, 2009http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/ 2009/06/08/with_eye_on_iran_obama_seeks_creation_of_world_uranium_fuel_bank/No Nukes: Possibility or Pipe Dream?The Editors, The New York Times Blog: Room for Debate, June 7, 2009http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/07/no-nukes-possibility-or-pipedream/The Renaissance of Nuclear DisarmamentAnthony Salloum, Embassy, June 3, 2009http://www.embassymag.ca/page/view/salloum-6-3-2009Case for Ratifying Nuclear Test Ban TreatySamuel Berger, Sam Nunn, and William Perry, Politico, June 2, 2009http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0609/23191.htmlAfter Iraq, it's not just North Korea that wants a bombSeumas Milne, The Guardian, May 27, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/may/27/north-korea-nuclear-weapons-usReport from the NPT Preparatory Committee 2009Miles A. Pomper, MIIS James Martin Center for NonproliferationStudies, May 26, 2009http://cns.miis.edu/stories/090526_npt_report.htmObama Treaty Push Hinges on Global Nuclear 'Listening' NetCharles Hanley, The Associated Press, May 19, 2009http://www.usnews.com/articles/science/2009/05/19/obama-treaty-push-hinges-on-global-nuclear-listening-net.htmlDeveloping Nations Seek Assurances on Nuclear ArmsColum Lynch, The Washington Post, May 16, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/15/AR2009051503518.htmlThe Trouble With ZeroPhilip Taubman, The New York Times, May 9, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/weekinreview/10taubman.htmlTurkey to face pressure over U.S. nukes on its soilLale Sariibrahimoglu, Today's Zaman, May 4, 2009http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=174286&bolum=100Electing the Nuclear PopeCharles D. Ferguson, Foreign Policy, May 2009http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4913Grading Progress on 13 Steps Toward Nuclear DisarmamentSharon Squassoni, Carnegie Endowment, Policy Outlook No. 45, May 2009http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/13_steps.pdfBeyond START: Negotiating the Next Step in U.S. and Russian StrategicNuclear Arms ReductionsSteven Pifer, Brookings Foreign Policy Paper Series Number 15, May, 2009http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2009/ 05_arms_reduction_pifer/05_arms_reduction_pifer.pdfReshaping Strategic Relationships: Expanding the Arms Control ToolboxLewis A. Dunn, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/DunnU.S., Russia Agree on Path for New Arms CutsCole Harvey, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/US-RussiaThe Logic of the Test Ban TreatyDaryl G. Kimball, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/focusConfronting the Bomb: A Short History of the World NuclearDisarmament MovementLawrence S. Wittner, Stanford University Press, California, 2009http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?id=9646Country ReportsUnited StatesSensitive, unclassified information on U.S. nuclear sites accidentally publishedOn June 2, the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) accidentally published on its website a 286-page draft document that was prepared for the IAEA on the location and sensitive design details of U.S. nuclear facilities. Steven Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists first reported on the FAS blog Secrecy News the appearance of the document. The GPO took down the report quickly although the document was not classified.Tauscher confirmation hearing for position in Administration's arms control teamRepresentative Ellen Tauscher (Chair of the House Armed Services Strategic Forces Subcommittee) testified at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing considering her nomination as the new Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security on June 9. She said her immediate priorities will be negotiating a follow-up agreement to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with Russia, the development of a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty, and the ratification and entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Tauscher reiterated President Obama's call for a world free of nuclear weapons, while confirming that the United States will "maintain a safe, secure and reliable deterrent against any adversary and an effective defense for our allies" while nuclear weapons continued to exist. Rep. Tauscher was still awaiting confirmation as of June 24.On June 1, Secretary of State Clinton named Robert Einhorn as her special advisor for disarmament and nonproliferation and Susan F. Burk was confirmed as the President's special representative for nuclear nonproliferation.Obama meets with Shultz, Perry, Kissinger and NunnOn May 19, the four Americans most widely associated with the current push for nuclear disarmament through their two notable op-eds in the Wall Street Journal in January 2007 and 2008, former Secretaries of State Henry Kissinger and George Shultz, former Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Sam Nunn, and former Secretary of Defense William Perry, met with President Obama to discuss nuclear weapons strategy. Obama listed strengthening the NPT, pursuing ratification of the CTBT, and cooperating with Russia in arms reduction efforts as specific steps that must be taken to "lock down loose nuclear weapons" and, in the long term, eliminate them. "All four of us support enthusiastically what the president is doing," Shultz commented. After the meeting President Obama spoke with reporters:"I don't think anybody would accuse these four gentlemen of being dreamers. They're hard-headed, tough defenders of American interests and American security. But what they have come together to help galvanize is a recognition that we do not want a world of continued nuclear proliferation, and that in order for us to meet the security challenges of the future, America has to take leadership in this area."Senator John McCain also voices qualified support for a world without nuclear weaponsIn a June 3 speech honoring former President Ronald Reagan, Arizona Senator and former Republican Presidential candidate John McCain added his voice to the increasing number of U.S. politicians supporting the vision of nuclear disarmament. Quoting a Ronald Reagan speech from 1983, McCain said, "The only value in possessing nuclear weapons is to make sure they can't be used ever. I know I speak for people everywhere when I say our dream is to see the day when nuclear weapons will be banished from the face of the Earth." The same day the White House released a statement by President Obama welcoming McCain's support of a "world without nuclear weapons" and expressing the President's commitment to working together with Congress on issues of arms control.Further ReadingNuclear PromisesZia Mian, Foreign Policy in Focus, June 4, 2009http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/6166Remarks by the President on a New Beginning (Cairo Speech)Barack Obama, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary,June 4, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/29/AR2009052903108.htmlStatement of Thomas P. D'Agostino, Under Secretary for NuclearSecurity and Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of EnergySenate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, June 3, 2009http://armedservices.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/June/D%27Agostino%2006-03-09.pdfThe Case for No First UseScott D. Sagan, Survival, Volume 51, Issue 3, June 2009, pp. 163-182(subscription or purchase required to access full article)http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a911401295~db=allNPR [Nuclear Posture Review] Terms of Reference Fact SheetDepartment of Defense, June 2, 2009http://www.defenselink.mil/news/d20090602NPR.pdfLots of Hedging, Little Leading: An Analysis of the CongressionalStrategic Posture Commission ReportHans M. Kristensen and Ivan Oelrich, Arms Control Association, June, 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_6/KristensenOelrichThe Hoped-For Laser MiraclesEditorial, The New York Times, May 28, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/opinion/29fri3.html?th&emc=thThe Test Ban TreatyEditorial, The New York Times, May 24, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/opinion/25mon1.html?emStatement of Secretary of Defense Robert M. GatesSenate Armed Services Committee, May 14, 2009http://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/May/Gates%2005-14-09.pdfPosture Statement of Admiral Michael G. Mullen, USN,Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of StaffSenate Armed Services Committee, May 14, 2009http://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/May/Mullen%2005-14-09.pdfTestimony on "NNSA's Fiscal Year 2010 President's BudgetRequest" by Thomas P. D'Agostino, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of EnergyHouse Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, May 13, 2009http://www.nnsa.energy.gov/news/2349.htmU.S. Warhead disposal in 15-year backlogPeter Eisler, USA Today, May 13, 2009http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2009-05-12-nukes_N.htmObama Administration is Bringing Nuclear Arms Control BackMary Beth Sheridan, The Washington Post, May 8, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/opinion/25mon1.html?emNuclear Bailout: The Costs and Consequences of Renovatingthe U.S. Nuclear Weapons ComplexWilliam D. Hartung, New America Foundation, May 7, 2009http://www.newamerica.net/publications/policy/nuclear_bailout_costsStrategic Failure: Congressional Strategic Posture CommissionReportIvan Oelrich, Hans M. Kristensen, FAS Strategic Security Blog,May 6, 2009http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2009/05/commission-2.phpDefense budget baloneyWinslow T. Wheeler, Politico, May 6, 2009http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0509/22149.htmlUnited KingdomUK Commons Report suggests renewal of Trident could be seen as contradictory to UK goalsAfter receiving evidence from a variety of witnesses and groups, including BASIC, the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee published a report on June 14 on "Global Security: Non-Proliferation." It commended the British government for publicly acknowledging the connection between nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament, but also stated that much more could be done. The Committee warned that the 2010 Review Conference could fail without "decisive movement by the five recognized nuclear weapons states as a whole on nuclear disarmament measures." It advised that the UK government's disarmament public diplomacy and transparency would be undermined by the decision to proceed full speed towards Trident replacement. This fall the British government is due to submit a full design contract [Initial Gate stage] for the new submarines. The report recommended, "that the Government should not take any decision at the Initial Gate stage until Parliament has had the chance to scrutinise the matter in a debate." The Committee also said that the Government should also come forward with an explanation of what it sees as a "minimum deterrent" posture and whether there are any conditions under which the Government "would be prepared to suspend the Trident renewal programme."Ministry of Defense confirms radioactive leakage from nuclear powered-submarinesIn April the Ministry of Defence released a report acknowledging multiple safety breaches at the nuclear submarine fleet's base at Faslane (HM Naval Base Clyde). The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) has sought the right to inspect and control operations at the naval base and has sent "final warning" letters to the MoD, threatening to shut down nuclear operations at Faslane. The UK Government has refused to provide SEPA with direct legal authority, citing national security sensitivities.Further ReadingA naive approach to nuclear standoffHarry Phibbs, Comment is Free, The Guardian, June 18, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jun/18/nick-clegg-tridentNick Clegg says Lib Dems won't replace Trident because world has moved onPatrick Wintour and Nicholas Watt, The Guardian, June 16, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/jun/16/trident-liberal-democrats-nick-cleggBrown urged to review Trident proposalJames Blitz, Financial Times, June 15, 2009http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/311bb044-5944-11de-80b3-00144feabdc0.html?nclick_check=1Global Security: Non-Proliferation Fourth Report of Session 200809Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Commons, June 14, 2009http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmfaff/222/222.pdfTrident may be wrong size ... so we pay an extra GBP100mRob Edwards, The Sunday Herald, May 10, 2009http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20090510/ai_n31667649/IranPresidential electionThe current crisis within Iran, which has this last week included widespread violence, and the power struggle behind the scenes with an uncertain outcome, will have an enduring and fundamental impact on the international dispute over Iran's nuclear program. While all candidates have been committed to continuing the program, it is thought that the leading opposition candidate, Mir Hossein Moussavi, would be more open to diplomatic engagement with the West, and he has suggested that he would provide stronger guarantees that Iran's nuclear program is strictly for energy.Diplomacy, on hold prior to the elections, remains frozen. U.S. and European officials had hoped to receive an official response from Tehran to their invitation offered through Javier Solana to join the P-5+1 talks. During a diplomatic visit prior to the elections, French President Nicolas Sarkozy strongly urged Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki to support Iran's participation in the P-5+1 talks or risk increased international isolation. U.S. deputy ambassador to the United Nations, Rosemary DiCarlo reported to the Security Council that Iran has not officially responded to the invitation but, despite this, "The United States remains committed to direct diplomacy with Iran to resolve issues of concern to the international community and will engage on the basis of mutual respect." Mohamed ElBaradei, head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, has also pressed Iran to respond to the invitation.IAEA report on Iran's nuclear programThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released their latest report on Iran on June 5, a week before the elections, that presented findings that were similar to previous reports: no confirmation of evidence of diversion; outstanding and unresolved questions; additional number of centrifuges added and greater stocks of enriched uranium accumulated; and an appeal to Iran to implement the Additional Protocol. Iranian officials again responded by reiterating the program's peaceful purposes and that they had cooperated with inspectors to the degree that is required of them.Ballistic missile testU.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates confirmed the May launch of an Iranian medium-range ballistic missile, the Sajjil-2, able to reach Israel and some of southern Europe. President Ahmadinejad had used the test to engage in aggressive electoral posturing during the Iranian Presidential Elections.Further ReadingIran Uprising Changes Nuclear CalculusJoe Cirincione, Huffington Post, June 17, 2009http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-cirincione/iran-uprising-changes-nuc_b_216583.htmlIAEA Report on Iran: Centrifuge and LEU increases; access toArak reactor denied; no progress on outstanding issuesDavid Albright and Jacqueline Shire, Institute for Science andInternational Security, June 5, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/iran/Iran_IAEA_Report_Analysis_5June2009.pdfIran Increases Uranium Enrichment Pace; Defies U.N. InspectorsJonathan Tirone, Bloomberg, June 5, 2009http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=azhpbOe1vsB8Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in theIslamic Republic of Iran Report by the Director General, IAEA(available via the Institute for Science and International Security) June 5, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/iran/IAEA_Iran_Report_5June2009.pdfU.S.-Iranian Engagement: The View from TehranInternational Crisis Group, Middle East Briefing No. 28, June 2, 2009http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/middle_east___north_africa/iraq_iran_gulf/b28_u.s._iranian_engagement___the_view_from_tehran.pdfFormer diplomat: Iran won't stop nuclear work (interview)Borzou Daragahi, Los Angeles Times, May 27, 2009http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-qa27-2009may27,0,7118239.storyIran's test could alter Europe's missile balanceNicholas Kralev, Washington Times, May 21, 2009http://washingtontimes.com/news/2009/may/21/tehran-missile-test-stokes-debate/Iran's Nuclear Program: An Opportunity for DialogueKayhan Barzegar, Center for Strategic Research, May 2009http://www.csr.ir/departments.aspx?lng=en&depid=74&&abtid=06&&semid=1797Iran's Nuclear and Missile Potential: A Joint Threat Assessment by U.S. andRussian Technical ExpertsEastWest Institute, May 2009http://docs.ewi.info/JTA.pdfNorth KoreaNorth Korea Responses to North Korea's nuclear testOn May 25 North Korea conducted its second underground nuclear test in an effort to "bolster up its nuclear deterrent for self-defense." North Korea also announced that it is no longer bound by the 1953 armistice that ended the Korean War and warned other countries not to disrupt or stop its ships suspected of transporting missiles and other weapons. The nuclear test also coincides with intensified speculation and rumors over the future succession to Kim Jong-il.U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a statement which "strongly deplores the [...] underground nuclear test [...] in clear and grave violations of the relevant Security Council resolutions." The Security Council was swift to denounce North Korea's actions. On Friday, June 12, after extensive negotiations, the Security Council unanimously passed Security Council Resolution 1874, imposing heightened economic and military sanctions. The resolution also "Calls upon all States to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, all cargo to and from the DPRK, in their territory, including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited." As of June 24th, a U.S. ship was tracking one North Korean vessel, suspected of carrying illicit arms for Myanmar.U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton condemned North Korea's "belligerent behavior" and has indicated that the United States will consider placing North Korea back on its list of states that sponsor terrorism, in addition to developing a "mechanism [... to] interdict North Korean shipments." In testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Special Representative for North Korea Policy, Ambassador Stephen Bosworth, reported that the United States remains open to diplomatic engagement, although there are no signs that North Korea is ready or willing to come to the table. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced that the U.S. is deploying its Terminal High Altitude Area and Defense (THADD) and Sea Based X-Band (SBX) radar off the coast of Hawaii. This announcement comes just days after a Japanese newspaper reported that North Korea may launch a long-range ballistic missile toward Hawaii, though many analysts doubt that North Korea has any with that range.Amid the controversy surrounding North Korea's weapons programs, two American journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee, were accused of illegally entering North Korean territory and sentenced to 12 years in a labor camp. American officials were quick to denounce the court's decision and called for the release of the two journalists on humanitarian grounds.Further ReadingNorth Korea: Getting Back to TalksAsia Report No 169, The International Crisis Group, June 18, 2009http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/north_korea/169_north_korea___getting_back_to_talks.pdfNorth Korea's Nuclear Program: Looking ForwardGraham Allison, Douglas Dillon, Martin Malin, Hui Zhang,Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, June 9, 2009http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19105/north_koreas_nuclear_program.html?breadcrumb=%2FTesting the World's PatienceDaryl G. Kimball, Arms Control Today, June 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/2009_06/focusNorth Korea's Weapons TestingJohn S. Park, U.S. Institute of Peace, On the Issues: North Korea,May 28, 2009http://www.usip.org/on_the_issues/nk_weapons.htmlResponding to North Korea's Nuclear TestGareth Evans, The Age, May 28, 2009http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6119&l=1Next phase in the analysis of the announced DPRK nuclear testComprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization, May 27, 2009http://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2009/next-phase-in-the-analysis-of-the-announced-dprk-nuclear-test/Analysts Worry Threatening N. Korea with Sanctions Could CreateEscalationAndre de Nesnera, Voice of America, May 26, 2009http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-05-26-voa51.cfmWhat to Do About North KoreaRobert Kagan, Dan Blumenthal, The Washington Post, May 26, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/05/25/ST2009052502476.htmlCommentary: North Korea blast is a test for U.S.Paul Carroll, Ploughshares Fund, CNN.com, May 26, 2009http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/26/carroll.korea.nuclear/index.html?section=cnn_latestNo Crisis for North KoreaEditorial, The Washington Post, May 26, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/25/AR2009052501505.htmlA path to peace with North KoreaMartin Butcher, Guardian, May 26, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/may/26/north-korea-nuclear-test-peaceNorth Korea Will Not Be IgnoredJoe Cirincione, Huffington Post, May 25, 2009http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-cirincione/north-korea-will-not-be-i_b_207277.htmlRussiaRussia's National Security Strategy ReleasedOn May 13, five days before diplomats began their May 18-20 talks to prepare for the START negotiations, Russian President Medvedev released the new national security strategy detailing over-arching security challenges and policy priorities through 2020. The document [Russian] formalized energy as a key issue and important foreign policy factor, and promised to "make every effort to retain [nuclear] parity with the United States." Security Council head Nikolai Patrushev made clear after the release that NATO enlargement is a high security priority for Russia.Putin support for vision of world without nuclear weapons; while Commander has low expectations for START follow-on reductionsRussian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said Russia could give up nuclear weapons if everyone else that had them did the same, during a meeting with German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier on June 10th. Steinmeier was reported to have focused heavily on issues of nuclear disarmament during his talks with Putin in Moscow and to have encouraged Russian President Medvedev and Putin to pursue improved relations with the United States and the European Union. On the same day, the commander of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces, Colonel-General Nikolai Solovtsov, was quoted as saying that Russia cannot cut its nuclear stockpile by more than a few hundred strategic warheads during START follow-on negotiations.Further ReadingNuclear Notebook: Russian Nuclear Forces, 2009Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,May/June, 2009http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/h304370t70137734/fulltext.pdfThe Loose Russian NukesElizabeth Zolotukhina, GlobalSecurity.org, May 19, 2009http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090519345-the-loose-russian-nukes.htmPakistanPakistan augmenting its nuclear weapons programIn recent testimony before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that Pakistan, which has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), is substantially stepping up its nuclear weapons program, including the production of more fissile material. Congress is currently considering significantly increased civilian and military aid to Pakistan, as support for counterterrorism efforts, and Senators are seeking assurances the aid is not be spent on increasing the destructiveness of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. The United States has provided funding intended specifically to address the security and safety of Pakistan's nuclear weapons, but has no control or clear audit ability to ensure the money is spent wisely. President Zardari, in an interview with Der Speigel, reassured those concerned that "the nuclear capability of Pakistan is in safe hands," but admitted that this was less certain if Pakistan's democracy were to fail. U.S. President Barack Obama said later in an interview with DAWN that he felt confident "that the Pakistani government has safeguarded its nuclear arsenal."Further ReadingAnother nuclear anniversaryPervez Hoodbhoy, DAWN, May 28, 2009http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/16-Another-nuclear-anniversary-hs-12ISIS Statement on Washington Post Report from May 28, 2009Institute for Science and International Security, May 28, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/WP_Language_28May2009.pdfMissile DefenseMissile defense still hurdle in U.S.-Russian relationsThe U.S. proposal, involving ten missile interceptors in Poland and a radar system in the Czech Republic, is currently under review. Before Congressional budgetary hearings on June 9, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said he believed American and Russian officials' assessments of Iran's missile program are now more closely aligned, and suggested that this may mean Russia becomes more amenable to a missile system based in the Czech Republic and Poland. Russian officials afterwards protested saying the plans were still unacceptable and must be abandoned. Colonel-General Nikolai Solovtsov, commander of Strategic Missile Forces, said they hope by 2016 to "modernize not only missile systems but also command-and-control systems in order to improve their ability to overcome missile defenses and increase the survivability of delivery vehicles." Poland expects a U.S. Patriot battery, part of a theater missile defense system, to be set up on its territory this year, regardless of the missile defense timetable. U.S. Admiral Michael Mullen was scheduled to travel to Moscow at the end of June to meet with General Nikolai Markarov, and they are expected to discuss the missile defense system.Gates proposes cuts to missile defense plansSecretary Gates has proposed budgetary cuts in missile defense systems in the FY 2010 budget. Roughly $7.8 billion will be allocated for missile defense programs, down $1.2 billion from the previous year. Cuts include the Multiple Kill Vehicle, the Kinetic Energy Interceptor, and Boeing's second Airborne Laser aircraft. The SM-3 and Theater High-Altitude Area Defense programs are due for increases in funding. Gates pledged that the Defense Department will continue to invest in augmenting defenses against long-range missiles.Further ReadingStrategic Missile Defense: A Reality CheckGreg Thielmann, Arms Control Association, May 21, 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/system/files/TAB2_5_21_2009_FINAL1.pdfHearing to receive testimony on military space programs inreview of the defense acquisition request for fiscal year 2010and the future years defense programTranscript, U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, May, 20, 2009http://armed-services.senate.gov/Transcripts/2009/05%20May/09-32%20-%205-20-09.pdfSpace Security or Anti-Satellite WeaponsMichael Krepon and Sam Black, The Stimson Center Space SecurityProgram, May 2009http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/missile/naic/NASIC2009.pdfAdditional PublicationsIran's Procurement of U.S. Military Aircraft Parts: Two casestudies in illicit tradeDavid Albright, Paul Brannan and Andrea Scheel, Institute for Science andInternational Security, May 21, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/expcontrol/Iran_Aircraft_ Procurement.pdfSteinmeier Calls for U.S. to Withdraw NukesOliver Meier, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/SteinmeierThe Taming of the Great Nuclear PowersGodfried van Benthem van den Bergh, Carnegie Endowment Policy OutlookNo. 46, May 2009http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=23152&prog=zgp&proj=znppAn Opportune Moment for a Shared Euro-Atlantic Security StrategySimon Serfaty, Center for Strategic & International Studies, May 2009http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/090506_serfaty_strategicconsensus_(2).pdfBallistic and Cruise Missile Threat ReportNational Air and Space Intelligence Center,Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, NASIC-1031-0985-09, April 2009(posted on the site of the Federation of American Scientists, June 2009).http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/missile/naic/NASIC2009.pdfPlease forward this email to individuals and organizations offering them the opportunity to subscribe to BASIC's Getting to Zero Update. This will help to keep them informed about the latest developments and analysis.To subscribe or unsubscribe from this update, please visit the following page: www.basicint.org/contacts/index.php. Thank you.BASIC's work is made possible by the generous support of our donors: the Ploughshares Fund, the Ford Foundation, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, Polden Puckham Charitable Foundation, Rockefeller Family & Associates, and individual contributors to BASIC. We are grateful to all of them for their support.
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COPPA 2.0: The New Battle over Privacy, Age Verification, Online Safety & Free Speechhttp://techliberation.com/2009/05/24/coppa-20-the-new-battle-over-privacy-age-verification-online-safety-free-speech/Adam Thierer & I have just released a detailed examination (PDF) of brewing efforts to expand the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 to cover adolescents and potentially all social networking sites—an approach we call “COPPA 2.0.”As Adam explained on Larry Magid’s CNET podcast, COPPA mandates certain online privacy protections for children under 13, most importantly that websites obtain the “verifiable consent” of a child’s parent before collecting personal information about that child or giving that child access to interactive functionality that might allow the child to share their personal information with others. The law was intended primarily to “enhance parental involvement in a child’s online activities” as a means of protecting the online privacy and safety of children.Yet advocates of expanding COPPA—or “COPPA 2.0″—see COPPA’s verifiable parental consent framework as a means for imposing broad regulatory mandates in the name of online child safety and concerns about social networking, cyber-harassment, etc. Two COPPA 2.0 bills are currently pending in New Jersey and Illinois. The accelerated review of COPPA to be conducted by the FTC next year (five years ahead of schedule) is likely to bring to Washington serious talk of expanding COPPA—even though Congress clearly rejected covering adolescents age 13-16 when COPPA was first proposed back in 1998.We’ll discuss some of the key points of our paper in a series of blog posts, but here are the top nine reasons for rejecting COPPA 2.0, in that such an approach would:Burden the free speech rights of adults by imposing age verification mandates on many sites used by adults, thus restricting anonymous speech and essentially converging—in terms of practical consequences—with the unconstitutional Children’s Online Protection Act (COPA), another 1998 law sometimes confused with COPPA;Burden the free speech rights of adolescents to speak freely on—or gather information from—legal and socially beneficial websites;Hamper routine and socially beneficial communication between adolescents and adults;Reduce, rather than enhance, the privacy of adolescents, parents and other adults because of the massive volume of personal information that would have to be collected about users for authentication purposes (likely including credit card data);Would likely be the subject of massive fraud or evasion since it is not always possible to definitively verify the parent-child relationship, or because the system could be “gamed” in other ways by determined adolescents;Do nothing to prevent offshore sites and services from operating outside these rules;Present major practical challenges for law enforcement officials in the face of such evasion by both domestic users and offshore sites;Could destroy opportunities for new or smaller website operators to break into the market and offer competing services and innovations, thus contributing to consolidation of online content and services by erecting barriers to entry; andViolate the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, since Internet activity clearly represents interstate commerce that states have no authority to regulate.Online Safety Technology Working Group (OSTWG) Is Underwayhttp://techliberation.com/2009/06/04/online-safety-technology-working-group-ostwg-is-underway/The first meeting of the Online Safety Technology Working Group (OSTWG) took place today and I just wanted to provide interested parties with relevant info and links in case they want to keep track of the task force’s work. As I mentioned back in late April, this new task force was established by the “Protecting Children in the 21st Century Act,” (part of the ‘‘Broadband Data Improvement Act’,’ Pub. L. No. 110-385) and it will report to the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information at the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA).I’m happy to be serving on this new working group and I am particularly honored to be serving as the chairman of 1 of the 4 subcommittees. The four subcommittees will address: data retention, child pornography, educational efforts, and parental controls technologies. I am chairing that last subcommittee on parental controls. The task force has about 35 members and we have a year to conduct our research and report back to Congress. Here are some relevant links from the NTIA website that provide additional details about this task force:Online Safety and Technology Working Group BackgroundMeeting Webcast Archive (RealMedia)June 4, 2009, Public Meeting AgendaOf course, this is certainly not the first task force to explore online safety issues. There was the COPA Commission (2000), the “Thornburgh Commission” report (2002), the U.K. “Byron Commission” report (2008), the Harvard Berkman Center’s Internet Safety Technical Task Force (2008), and the NCTA-iKeepSafe-CommonSenseMedia “Point Smart, Click Safe” working group, which is due to issue its final report shortly. [Full disclosure: I was a member of that last two task forces as well.] I’m currently working on a short paper that attempts to summarize the remarkably similar findings of these important child safety working groups. Generally speaking, they all concluded that education and empowerment, not regulation, were the real keys to moving forward and making our kids safer online.Related TLF PostsVersion 3.1 release: “Parental Controls & Online Child Protection”http://techliberation.com/2008/09/16/version-31-release-parental-controls-online-child-protection/Just FYI, the latest update of my booklet on “Parental Controls and Online Child Protection: A Survey of Tools & Methods” is now live. The new version, Version 3.1, provides minor updates to all sections of the book and a new appendix of relevant research in the field. I issue major updates early each year and 1 or 2 tweaks during the course of the year to reflect the evolution of the parental control and online child safety market and debate.For those not familiar with the report, it explores the market for parental control tools, rating schemes, education efforts, and initiatives aimed at promoting online child safety. I believe that the parental controls and content management tools cataloged in the report represent a better, less restrictive alternative to government regulation. As I conclude after evaluating that state of the market: “There has never been a time in our nation’s history when parents have had more tools and methods at their disposal to help them decide what constitutes acceptable media content in their homes and in the lives of their children.”The report is available free-of-charge on the PFF website, and the previous editions of the report are housed there too in case you want to see how it has evolved over the past two years. For those interested in taking a quick look at the report, I have embedded it down below the fold as a Scribd file. Finally, as is always the case, I encourage readers to send me updates and suggestions for how to improve the report and I will incorporate them into future versions.Cyberbullying Legislation: Why Education is Preferable to RegulationBy Berin Szoka & Adam Thiererhttp://techliberation.com/2009/06/19/cyberbullying-legislation-why-education-is-preferable-to-regulation/We’ve just released a new PFF white paper (PDF) entitled, “Cyberbullying Legislation: Why Education is Preferable to Regulation.” In this 24-page study we note that, compared to previous fears about online predation, which have been greatly overblown, concerns about cyberbullying are more well-founded. Evidence suggests the cyberbullying is on the rise and that it can have profoundly damaging consequences for children.Unsurprisingly, in the wake of a handful of high-profile cyberbullying incidents that resulted in teen/tween suicides, some state lawmakers began floating legislation to address the issue. More recently, two very different federal approaches have been proposed. One approach is focused on the creation of a new federal crime to punish cyberbullying, which would include fines and jail time for violators. In April 2008, Rep. Linda Sánchez (D-CA) introduced H.R. 1966 (originally H.R. 6123), the “Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act,” a bill that would create a new federal felony:“Whoever transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication, with the intent to coerce, intimidate, harass, or cause substantial emotional distress to a person, using electronic means to support severe, repeated, and hostile behavior, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.”The other legislative approach is education-based and would create an Internet safety education grant program to address the issue in schools and communities. In mid-May, the “School and Family Education about the Internet (SAFE Internet) Act” (S. 1047) was introduced in the Senate by Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ) and in the House by Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL). The measure proposes an Internet safety education grant program that will be administered by the Department of Justice, in concurrence with the Department of Education, and the Department of Health & Human Services. These agencies will also work in consultation with education, Internet safety, and other relevant experts to administer a five-year grant program, under which each grant will be awarded for a two-year period.In our paper, we argue that criminalizing what is mostly kid-on-kid behavior—and especially creating a new federal felony, as the Sánchez bill proposes—will not likely solve the age-old problem of kids mistreating each other. Moreover, this approach could raise thorny free speech and due process issues related to how the law defines harassing or intimidating speech. To the extent criminal sanctions are pursued as a solution, it may be preferable to allow state experimentation with varying models.By contrast, education and awareness-based approaches have a chance of effectively reducing truly harmful behavior, especially over the long-haul. Such approaches would have the added benefit of avoiding constitutional pitfalls and subsequent court challenges. Thus, if lawmakers feel the need to address cyberbullying concerns at this time, it is clear that regulation is, at best, premature and that education is the better approach.Our paper can be found on the PFF website or SSRN, and the Scribd version of the document is embedded down below. We welcome your comments on our conclusions.[In a follow-up post, we will address why the criminalization approach to addressing cyberbullying raises free speech concerns and other constitutional issues.]
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June 2009SponsorHeaderCentre for Neuro SkillsLeaders in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation for Over 28 YearsA person with brain injury may have just a single opportunity for rehabilitation. The quality of life that follows treatment often depends on making the right placement decision. Centre for Neuro Skills (CNS) offers each client the highest quality rehabilitation possible. Call 1-800-922-4994 for more information about our services.Learn more HeaderWebsiteHeaderTBI Resource GuideThe world's most extensive brain injury websiteNewsletter subscribers: 16,814The TBI Resource Guide is the internet's central source of information regarding traumatic brain injury. The TBI Resource Guide website consists of over 2,000 pages of information, materials, education and resources about the brain, brain injury and rehabilitation for survivors, families and professionals.Explore the site HeaderNew ArticlesHeaderChildren with Concussions Require Follow-up Care Before Returning to PlayChildren hospitalized with concussions should wait until they are seen by a clinician in a follow-up exam before returning to regular sports or playtime activities, according to researchers.Read more HeaderCould Standard Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury be Wrong?The Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC) in the UCLA Department of Neurosurgery has been awarded a $4.2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to research new ways to heal the brain after a traumatic brain injury, or TBI. Specifically, researchers will be looking at how to best feed the brain the nutrients it needs to optimize recovery.Read more HeaderInsight into One of the Most Challenging Symptoms Following a Traumatic Brain InjuryA recent study by Kessler Foundation Research Center published in Brain Injury, the official journal of the International Brain Injury Association, uncovered the possible cause of cognitive fatigue in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI).Read more HeaderExplore the complete archive of articles HeaderCALBIAHeaderThe California Brain Injury Association (CALBIA) is a non-profit membership organization providing information, referrals, education, advocacy and support for those affected by brain injury.Learn more HeaderInside ViewHeaderThe Summer 2009 (18.3) issue of the Inside View quarterly newsletter is now available! With a $12 yearly subscription ($24 international), glossy, hard-copy versions of the Inside View will be delivered to your door every three months.Two-year subscriptions are only $22 ($44 international) and three-year subscriptions are $30 ($60 international).Table of ContentsBrain-Injured Recover Emotional Perception SkillsSilencing Growth Inhibitors Could Help Recovery from Brain InjuryTherapists test Mechanical Arm to Help Patients Recover from Brain InjuryCase Study: Avalanche!Motor Skill learning May Be Enhanced By Mild Brain StimulationHope for Restoring Injured Nerves2009 Conference and Events ScheduleLearn more and subscribe HeaderCurrent News and ResearchHeader* Brain tissue oxygen and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review* Complications of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury* Factors affecting leisure participation after a traumatic brain injury: An exploratory study* Approaches to vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: A review of the evidence* Neurocognitive function of emergency department patients with mild traumatic brain injury* Post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury at 3 and 12 months post-injury: A prospective study* How many people return to work after acquired brain injury?: A systematic review* Adolescent psychiatric symptoms following preschool childhood mild traumatic brain injury: Evidence from a birth cohort* Sixteen years on: Has quality of care for rural and non-compensable traumatic brain injury clients improved?* Infra-red thermometry: the reliability of tympanic and temporal artery readings for predicting brain temperature after severe traumatic brain injury* Management of spasticity and dystonia in children with acquired brain injury with rehabilitation and botulinum toxin A* Medical and psychosocial predictors of caregiver distress and perceived burden following traumatic brain injury* Traumatic brain injury and sleep disturbance: A review of current research* Unusual penetrating head injury in children: personal experience and review of the literature* Neuroendocrine function following traumatic brain injury and subsequent intensive care treatment: A prospective longitudinal evaluation* Exploring the convergence of posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury* Low central venous saturation predicts poor outcome in patients with brain injury after major trauma: a prospective observational study* Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes?* Knowledge transfer principles as applied to sport concussion education* The use of Glasgow Coma Scale in injury assessment: A critical review* Reversible post-traumatic bilateral extensive restricted diffusion of the brain. A case study and review of the literature* Multidisciplinary surgical approach for cerebrospinal fluid leak in children with complex head trauma* Impact of preinjury anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury* Outcome of brain trauma patients who have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 and bilateral fixed and dilated pupils in the field* Sports-related concussions in pediatrics* Proteomic biomarkers for blast neurotrauma: Targeting cerebral edema, inflammation, and neuronal death cascades* Head injury and outcome: What influence does prehospital intubation have?* Post-traumatic mutism in childrenRead the articles HeaderTBI StoreHeaderThe TBI Resource Guide online store has over 80 brain injury related products, including educational multi-media cds, animations, graphics, e-books, newsletters, research article reprints, assessment tools, and laminated educational cards. The new educational multi-media cds provide an in-depth overview of brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury, and brain function. They include audio, video and graphic content in an easy-to-use self-learning format.Five new educational laminated cards [vision problems, stroke, glasgow coma scale, concussion, causes and consequences of tbi] have been added to the TBI store!* Educational CD's* Animations* Graphics* Newsletters* Article Reprints* Independent Living Scale* E-Books* Laminated CardsVisit the store HeaderVeterans and TBIHeaderVisit our new "Veterans and TBI" section of the website. There you will find links to important related websites, PDF information pamphlets, and current news bulletins.Latest News Items:* U.S. officials say war concussions overdiagnosedLearn more HeaderCase StudiesHeaderRead traumatic brain injury survivor case studies detailing injuries, rehabilitation, and outcomes.Latest case studies:* Avalanche!* Creating an Environment of PotentialRead more HeaderContinuing EducationHeaderThe TBI Resource Guide offers four on-line, continuing education courses. Our courses are $60 each and certified for 2-hours.* Mild Traumatic Brain Injury* Applied Behavior Analysis* Brain Injury Rehabilitation: An Overview* Brain Anatomy and FunctionLearn more HeaderEmploymentHeaderVisit our CNS Career Center to learn about exciting employment opportunities at Centre for Neuro Skills rehabilitation programs in California and Texas.Openings:* Physical Therapist* Healthcare MarketerLearn more HeaderConference and Events CalendarHeaderJun 1916th Annual Brain Injury ConferenceRochester, MN800-545-0357cne@mayo.eduwww.mayoclinic.org/jobs-nursing-rst/calendarconf.htmlJun 22-23BIA of Pennsylvania Annual ConferenceLancaster, PA866-635-7097info@biapa.orgwww.biapa.orgAug 12-15MTBI 2009 - An International Conference on Mild Traumatic Brain InjuryVancouver, BC877-685-0452info@mtbi2009.orgwww.mtbi2009.orgSep 7-11The Joint Symposium of the International and National Neurotrauma SocietiesSanta Barbara, CA352-213-8656www.neurotrauma.org/2009/Sep 18-19Understanding and dealing with behaviour problems following brain injuryLondon, United Kingdomenquiries@braintreetraining.co.ukwww.braintreetraining.co.ukSep 24-2529th Annual BIA of Michigan ConferenceLansing, MI810-229-5880info@biami.orgwww.biami.orgOct 1-2BIA of Ohio's 28th Annual ConferenceColumbus, OH614-885-3334help@biaoh.orgwww.biaoh.orgOct 32009 Walk for ThoughtMilwaukee, WI262-790-9660admin@biaw.orgwww.biaw.orgOct 82009 Mid-Hudson Brain Injury Rehabilitation ConferenceAnnandale-on-Hudson, NY845-336-3500 X3262ncsc@northeastcenter.comwww.northeastcenter.comOct 24-2530th Annual Neurorehabilitation Conference on TBI, Stroke and Other Neurologic DisordersCambridge, MA781-348-2113drcarr@5sqc.comwww.braintreerehabhospital.comDec 4-5Attention & Information Processing: Advanced Cognitive Rehabilitation WorkshopLondon, United Kingdomenquiries@braintreetraining.co.ukwww.braintreetraining.co.ukExplore the 2009 calendar and submit your event HeaderDepartment of Justice SealRemarks by Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. at the Washington Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs Wiley A. Branton Awards LuncheonTuesday, June 16, 2009http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/speeches/2009/ag-speech-090616.htmlIt is a pleasure for me to be here this afternoon, among so many friends and familiar faces. I am honored to join with the Washington Lawyers’ Committee in paying well-earned tribute to some of this area’s most dedicated lawyers and public servants – men and women who have given so much to the cause of equal rights for all Americans.The men and women we honor today have made extraordinary contributions – not just to their own communities, but to the cause of justice. Their service sets an example of civic leadership to which all of us should aspire, and I thank them for their efforts to build a more inclusive America. I would also like to thank the Lawyers’ Committee for its continuing work to address the issues of discrimination and poverty that are prevalent in too many of our nation’s most vulnerable communities.Over the years, the Justice Department has had occasion to work with the Lawyers’ Committee on these issues. I look forward to continuing that history of collaboration during my tenure as Attorney General. In many ways, the Lawyers’ Committee and the Department of Justice have parallel missions. Almost all of the Committees’ project areas have an analog in the Department of Justice, many in the Civil Rights Division – equal employment, fair housing, and disability rights, to name just a few. So I don’t need to tell you how vital it is for the Civil Rights Division to be well staffed and well funded – ready to vigorously enforce our nation’s civil rights and anti-discrimination laws.One of my highest priorities upon returning to the Justice Department has been to ensure that the Civil Rights Division continues its critical role of ensuring that our nation lives up to the ideal of Equal Protection enshrined so eloquently in the Declaration of Independence and the Fourteenth Amendment. Over the last four months, with help from Congress and the White House, we have provided the Civil Rights Division with the attention, the resources, and the leadership support that its dedicated professionals deserve.Today, I am proud to say that the "crown jewel" of the Justice Department is on its way to regaining its luster. And I can report that the Civil Rights Division has made important progress on several fronts since President Obama took office in January. The Civil Rights Division has reinvigorated its amicus practice, filing nine amicus briefs and seeking leave to file two more. The Division has continued its work enforcing our nation’s fair housing laws, filing 16 cases – including 7 pattern and practice cases – and obtaining 8 consent decrees. In fact, in recent months, the Civil Rights Division has won or settled enforcement actions in virtually every substantive area of civil rights law.These are important steps. But you and I know that there is much more work to be done. The reconstruction and progress we seek will take years to achieve, not weeks or months. And experience has taught us that the road to equality is long and sometimes treacherous, marked by detours and occasionally by setbacks.As you know, the Supreme Court is currently considering a case that challenges the constitutionality of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act. No matter how the Court resolves this issue, I pledge that the Justice Department will continue working to enforce our nation’s voting rights laws. And we will fight efforts to discriminate in the voting booth just as earnestly as we fight efforts to discriminate in the job or housing markets. You have my word, my friends. Our commitment to Equal Protection – and to full participation in our nation’s elections – will not waiver. Never.And yet, even as the Department of Justice fulfills its traditional enforcement responsibilities, it must respond to new challenges and resurgent threats. Over the last several weeks, we have witnessed brazen acts of violence, committed in places that many would have considered unthinkable – a sacred memorial in the nation’s capital, a recruiting station for the nation’s armed forces, and a church in the nation’s heartland. The violence in Washington, Little Rock, and Wichita reminds us of the potential threat posed by violent extremists and the tragedy that ensues when reasoned discourse is replaced by armed confrontation.As the President noted during his recent address at Notre Dame, few topics provoke more intense or more personal disagreement than our nation’s debate about abortion. There are strong views on both sides. And the constitution guarantees each of us the right to express those views, regardless of viewpoint or political affiliation. Indeed, it is only through the frank and civil exchange of strongly-held views that people with different opinions can achieve the common ground that President Obama spoke of last month.But neither our respect for the First Amendment’s guarantee of free speech, nor our earnest hope for common ground, can justify the violence we saw in Kansas. We will not tolerate murder, or the threat of violence, masquerading as political activism. So let me be clear, the Justice Department will use every tool at its disposal to protect the rights ensured under our constitution. And we will do all that we can to deter violence against reproductive health care providers and to prosecute those who commit such violence to the fullest extent of the law.Likewise, the Justice Department will do all that it can to bring the perpetrators of bias-motivated crimes to justice. That includes working with Congress to strengthen existing federal hate crimes laws. The House of Representatives has already passed legislation that would accomplish this goal and the Department of Justice is working with the Senate as it begins consideration of a similar hate crimes statute.I testified in support of stronger federal hate crimes legislation when I was Deputy Attorney General, almost ten years ago. My friends, that is far too long to wait. Too long to wait for the authority to prosecute offenses motivated by a person’s gender, disability or sexual orientation. Too long to wait for the tools necessary to staunch the rising tide of bias-motivated violence directed at the Latino community. Put simply, too long to wait for justice.The time has come for Congress to finish its work on this critically important legislation and we look forward to working with members on both sides of the aisle to achieve that goal.The violence we have seen during the last month may seem daunting to some. But I view these tragedies as a call to action. More than forty years ago, in the wake of devastating civil unrest in many of our nation’s largest cities, a group of lawyers and civic activists banded together to form the Lawyers’ Committee, convinced that they could leave a lasting and productive legacy for their community – convinced that they could help to build an America in which violence and injustice of the kind they had witnessed was a thing of the past. Against all odds, they succeeded. And so shall we. Let us commit ourselves – regardless of party affiliation or political viewpoint – to the difficult work ahead: building an America in which the kind of violence we have seen these last few weeks is but a distant memory. And building an America in which all of our Nation’s citizens, in equal measure, enjoy the fruits of our founding documents.Thank you.BRAIN INJURY DIRECTORYhttp://www.braininjurydirectory.net/Welcome to the Brain Injury Directory. It is intended to provide some resources for the many issues that people with brain injuries are confronting in their day-to-day lives. This is a cross-disciplinary directory. A human being who happened to have an acquired brain injury (abi) long ago edits this directory. This directory is a work in progress and more topics are planned. So far there are over 900 topics and 5,000 links. If you type your search term in the search box above, you may come upon more related links that are from other sections of the directory. Terribly sorry the directory is on the slow side to load and navigate, but with the Internet resources and software I have this is the best I can do. May the information available on this website be of assistance to you.http://www.tbinet.org/resources.htmTBI Support Groups / Mailing ListsMailing Lists hosted on TBINET's ServerTBINETs Email Support PageListserv™ Catalist - Search for a Mailing list of your likingReturn To IndexMedical/Drug ReferenceF.D.A. - Med-WatchNurses PDR Resource CenterPlant RX - Online drug reference/store.RxList The Internet Drug Index.Medicine Net Lots of medical info, search for drugs, treatments, medical dictionary, etc. PharmInfoNet.. A great site to find info on the drugs you are using. Also check out their Drug Searching page.Smart Basics For Enhanced Health, Well Being and Mental Performance. Check out their Smart Drugs glossary! Specifically on Piracetam which enhances brain function.MEDtropolis - Locate health care facilitiesThe Cognitive Enhancement Research Institute Good info on "Smart Drugs" and purchase info.Return To IndexArticles in USA Today about Brain InjuriesFall from horse ends careerYears after trauma, the tragedy multipliesA disability of capricious symptoms and effectsHelp available Via Phone & WebReturn To IndexLegalNeigborhood Legal Services - Protection and Advocacy.InjuryLawyerShop.Com - InjuryLawyerShop is an online resource that allows you to find information from lawyers in your area that practice Personal Injury Law including Wrongful Death.The Special Ed Advocate - Special Education LawHealth Care LawWebster & Associates- British ColumbiaSheri R, Abrams P.C. - Social Security Disability LawThe NeuroTrauma Law Nexus ..Great resource for TBI and the Law. Also have great info on TBI, fact and statistics.David Ferleger Disability Law, Civil Rights & JudaismBrain Injury Law GroupTraumatic Brain Injury: Proving a Lifetime DisabilityThe Consumer Law PageLaw -- Traumatic Brain Injury -- Search our Personal Injury ResourcesTraumatic Brain Injury: Evaluation and LitigationThe Traumatically Brain Injured and the LawLaw Offices of Herbert Monheit Covering Brain Injury and many other types of litigation.Shigley Law Firm, L.L.C. Focuses on representing individuals, families and small businesses in cases of catastrophic injury and wrongful death. Atlanta, Ga.Legal Rights Infocenter - legal rights information and access to attorneys who specialize in legal rights litigation.Attorneys Lee, Eadon, Isgett and Popwell, P.A. - is a plaintiff/claimant-oriented trial practice firm that focuses on representing people who have suffered personal injuries or wrongful death.DISABILITY LEGISLATION AND RELATED LAWMany of the following links point to information concerning the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). Other sites point to information that may be helpful to those dealing with disability-related issues.Disability Rights Organization.Americans with Disabilities Act Document CenterAmericans with Disabilities Act Accessibility GuidelinesOverview of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990Technology-Related Assistance to Individuals with Disabilities ActTable of ADA CasesThe Legal Information Institute from Cornell Law SchoolU.S. Law: Primary Documents and Commentary from Cornell Law SchoolRules of Professional Conduct Involving Lawyers Table of Rule from Cornell Law SchoolADA Information Center On-Line from the Kansas Commission of Disability ConcernsThe World Wide Web Virtual Library: Law from the Indiana University School of Law - BloomingtonDisability Legal InfoDisability Laws and RegulationsReturn To IndexTBI Chat LinksMGH Neurology Chat Rooms - Chat with other brain injury folks, family members, and friends.TBI Chat Room This is a Web based Chat Room which can also be accessed via IRC. You will need a Java enabled web browser to interact via the WWW. Can now be used by AOL subscribers.TBI Professionals Home PagesDr. Appel Ph.D. Neuropsychologist, great page and info.Dr. Diane's Health-HelperDr. Sarah A. Raskin of Trinity College Home PageLen Ochs Ph.D. Home Page. In association with Center for NeurofunctioningReturn To IndexEpilepsy/Seizure InfoTBINET's Epilepsy PageThis site is about Service Dogs which are trained to detect forthcoming seizures in their owners.James Whitlock, M.D ..Epilepsy/Seizure Info & FAQ'sReturn To IndexMedical Case ManagementCase Management Society of AmericaNeurological Case Management AssociatesC.Q.I Health Care Management ServicesIndividual Case Management Association .. 1-800-664-2620Rehabilitation Case Management Consultants .. 1-800-968-4087They should be able to help you find a Certified Case Manager in your area.You should also contact your Local or State Brain Injury Assn. for recommendations, they probably have a list of known reputable Case Managers in your area. If do not yet know how to contact your Local or State Brain Injury Assn. see the next section below. To learn more about Case Management click HERE.Return To IndexTBI Specific OrganizationsU.S. - State Brain Injury AssociationsAlabama Head Injury FoundationAlaska - Brain Injury Assn.Colorado - Brain InjuryAssn.Connecticut - Brain Injury Assn.Delaware - Brain Injury Assn.Florida - Brain Injury AssnGeorgia - Brain Injury Assn.Illinois - Brain Injury Assn.Indiana - Brain Injury Assn.Kansas - Brain Injury Assn.Kentucky - Brain Injury Assn.Maine - Brain Injury Assn.Maryland - Brain Injury Assn.Massachusetts - Brain Injury Assn.Michigan - Brain Injury Assn.Minnesota - Brain Injury AssnMississippi Brain Injury Assn.Missouri - Head Injury Advisory CouncilNebraska - Brain Injury Assn.North Carolina - Brain Injury Assn.New Jersey - Brain Injury Assn.New Hampshire - Brain Injury Assn.Ohio - Brain Injury Assn.Oklahoma - Brain Injury Assn., IncOregon - Brain Injury Assn.Pacific Head Injury Assn. .. HawaiiPennsylvaniaWestern Pennsylvania Brain Injury Assn.Eastern Pennsylvania Brain Injury Assn.Rhode Island - Brain Injury Assn.Tennessee - Brain Injury Assn.Texas - Brain Injury AssnUtah - Brain Injury Assn.Virginia - Brain Injury Assn.Washington - Brain Injury Assn.West Virginia - Brain Injury Assn.Wisconsin - Brain Injury Assn.International Brain Injury AssociationsThe International Brain Injury AssociationHeadway National - Head Injuries Association in U.K.Vancouver Island Head Injury SocietySaskatchewan - Head Injury Assn.Saskatchewan - Think FirstOntario - Brain Injury AssociationNipissing (Canada) Brain Injury Assn.H2000TBI & BRAIN ItalyHeadway Victoria - AustraliaBrain Injury Association - NZOther U.S. & International TBI Specific LinksRecovery Awareness Foundation - The Recovery Awareness Foundation’s purpose is to assist the primary caregiver of people who have suffered a BRAIN INJURY. We want to be there for these people in their time of special and individual needs.Although not an organization, "While you are waiting" is a web site devoted to those waiting while their loved one is in a coma. This is a great source of information and support.National Resource Center for TBIComa Recovery Assn. - is a not-for-profit organization for coma and brain injury survivors, family members, friends and professionals.The Joseph Corpina Foundation - Dedicated to the enhancement of health and quality of life for children who have suffered traumatic brain injury.Virtual Hospital: Iowa Healthbook: Brain Injury - Basic information about brain injury and its treatment.Brain Injury Assn. Inc. is the new name for the National Head Injury Foundation.Traumatic Brain Inury Survival Guide - by Dr. Glen Johnson Clinical NeuropsychologistTBI Model Systems Project Developing and demonstrating a model system of care for persons with TBI. Good links and Reference material.The Ohio Head Injury Association gopher - Good articles and other resources.Toll-Free Consultation for TBI 24 hours a day.RehabNET Northeast U.S.Think First Foundation .. Nation Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Prevention Program.Head Injury Com - head injury facts and infoLance's Brain Injury resource web page - People in the Victoria, B.C., Canada area will find these especially useful.Return To IndexSurvivors WWW PagesLarry Courtney's PageNick Ide's Place - There's people in the guest book from around the world. My goal now is to educate the world... Thank You All.Mrs. Hooks TBI Home - For TBI survivors and caregivers for info and fun thingsJosh's Web PageBruce Robb Home PageDavid R's Home PageLinda Hunt's Home PageSharon Gorman's Brain Injury Pages.Yaron Hillel Home PageFrank Ford's Home PageGeorgia's TBI PageK. Stoeffler (aka OregonRose) New Beginnings SOBI (Survivors Of Brain Injuries)Judith Kuster's Home Page .. Deals mainly with Communications Disorders, speech/language, hearing and stuttering.Michael Gagnon .. Home Page, New Brunswick Canada.Chris & Debbie Wilson's .. Home PageKaren Cuno-Stoeffler's New Beginnings Survivor of Brain InjuriesSteve Drake's Home Page is not really about TBI, it's about Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain). He has links to the Hydrocephalus Association also to the HYCEPH-L, a Hydrocephalus E-mail support mailing list.Return To IndexTBI Related Organizations/InfoThe Capper Foundation - The Capper Foundation's Mission is to enhance the independence of people with physical disabilities, primarily children.Coma Recovery Assn.Brain Surgery Information CenterT.H.E. BRAIN TRUSTNational Academy of Neuropsychology's page on "Mild" Brain Injury.TBI Survival Guide Good info.The Cerebral Palsy NetworkMed-Sell - Your Resource Guide for New & Previously Owned Medical Equipment, Assistive Devices & Services.Disability Related Products & Service - Links Very Good!Communication Aids - for disabled.National Down Syndrome Society, NDSSAmerican Academy Of NeurologyTraumatic Brain Injury - The Washington Association of Optometric Physicians have provided information on how a TBI can affect vision, and what can be done to help correct the problems.Traumatic Brain Injury - Information for Caregivers - Information for those caring for loved ones with TBI. Relaxation techniques, an adapted leisure catalog, and even some mindless games (when you need a break!)The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic StressTM Look up TBI related Doctors.INDIE ..The Integrated Network of Disability Information and Education. A comprehensive one-stop resources for products, services, and information for the world wide disability community.Disability Rights ActivistMad Nation - People working together for Social Justice and Human Rights in Mental Health.Support Coalition International - Winning human rights in the “mental health system”National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems, Inc.Mental Health Com This is a huge site which has lots of info on mental health and info related to brain injuries.Browse NARIC Databases: Brain injuries.Search NARIC Databases.The Handle Institute's TBI Page.The National Institute on Life Planning For Persons with Disabilities, Inc. is a non-profit with a site for general disability information that looks pretty good.National Brain Aneurysm FoundationResources Guide Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke and Paralysis.American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Home Page.A page with many neuropsych links is at Neuropsychology Central.Social Security Administration Home Page.Department of Health and Human Services - Programs for Children and Families.American Brain Tumor Association HomepageNDLline - Nonverbal Learning DisordersCNS - Centre for Neuro skillsRest Ministries, Inc. -a service ministry for people who live with chronic illness or pain.Return To Index
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Live Webcasts and Pre-Recorded Programming (24 Hours)http://www.un.org/webcast/2009.htmlArchivedPages: 2001 2002 Jan-May03 Jun-Sept 03 Oct-Dec03Jan-Mar 04 Apr-May04 June-Sept 04 Sep-Dec04Jan-Apr 2005 May- Aug 2005 Sept-Dec 2005Jan-Apr 2006 May-Aug 2006 Sept-Dec 2006 2007Jan-Apr 2008 May-Aug 2008 Sept-Dec 2008200915 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Georgia, H.E. Mr. Alexander Lomaia, on the situation in Georgia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]15 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in Georgia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]15 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the delegations of Germany, France, United States of America, United Kingdom and Croatia, on the situation in Georgia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 9 minutes ]H.E. Mr. Thomas Matussek, Permanent Representative of Germany[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]H.E. Mr. Jean-Maurice Ripert, Permanent Representative of France[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]Alternate Representative for Special Political Affairs of the United States, H.E. Ms. Rosemary A. DiCarlo[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]H.E. Mr. Philip John Parham, Deputy Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]H.E. Mr. Neven Jurica, Permanent Representative of Croatia[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]15 June 09 Security Council: The situation in Georgia.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 57 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 57 minutes ]15 June 09 Special Event: Launch of the 2009 Report on the Global Campaign for the Health MDGs.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 15 minutes ]15 June 09 Special Event: Secretary-General's forum on Advancing Global Health in the Face of Crisis.Morning Meeting:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 54 minutes ]Afternoon Meeting:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours and 6 minutes ]Opening Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]Closing Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 13 minutes ]15 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in Georgia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 15 minutes ]15 June 09 Press Conference: Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, former U.S. President Bill Clinton, and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Haiti Alrich Nicolas, to formally announce President Clinton's appointment as UN Special Envoy for Haiti.[Webcast: Archived Video - 37 minutes ]15 June 09 Security Council: Non-proliferation - Briefing by the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1737 (2006).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 23 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 23 minutes ]15 June 09 Media Stakeout: Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization, following the opening of the “Advancing global health in the face of crisis” forum. (Programme) pdf[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]12 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 15 minutes ]12 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Vietnam, H.E. Mr. Le Luong Minh, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]12 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of China, H.E. Mr. Zhang Yesui, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]12 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Deputy Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Mr. Philip John Parham, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]12 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of France, H.E. Mr. Jean-Maurice Ripert, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]12 June 09 Security Council: Non-proliferation/Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Letter dated 25 May 2009 from the Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/2009/271).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 56 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 56 minutes ]12 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 23 minutes ]12 June 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, President-elect of the 64th Session of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - 31 minutes ]12 June 09 Press Conference: Ambassador Piet de Klerk, Deputy Permanent Representative of the Netherlands; Peter de Ruiter, author of A World for Children: Growing up without Child Labour; and Oscar Pekelder, Executive Director of World Vision in the Netherlands, to brief on the occasion of the World Day Against Child Labour.[Webcast: Archived Video - 46 minutes ]11 June 09 Press Conference: United Nations Secretary-General, H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon.[Webcast: Archived Video - 49 minutes ]11 June 09 Press Conference (Geneva): Dr. Keiji Fukuda, Assistant Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) on the issue of Influenza A (H1N1).[Webcast: Archived Video - 13 minutes ]11 June 09 Press Conference (Geneva): Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) on the issue of Influenza A (H1N1).[Webcast: Archived Video - 38 minutes ]11 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by John Holmes, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs on the situation in Sudan.[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]11 June 09 Security Council: Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan. Briefing by John Holmes, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 17 minutes ]10 June 09 Press Conference: Ambassador Christian Wenaweser, Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein and President of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on the work of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the ICC.[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]10 June 09 Special Event: Peacebuilding Commission - Third session / Sierra Leone configuration.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours and 28 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 3 hours and 28 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]10 June 09 General Assembly: 86th plenary meetingElection of the President of the sixty-fourth session, Vice-Presidents, Chairpersons and Bureaux of the Main Committees.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]10 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 14 minutes ]10 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]10 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 9 minutes ]10 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki İlkin, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]10 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - 37 minutes ]9 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guest at noon: Michael Schulenburg, Executive Representative of the Secretary-General for Sierra Leone, to brief on the situation in that country.[Webcast: Archived Video - 36 minutes ]9 June 09 Media Stakeout: Press statement on Guinea-Bissau by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki İlkin and informal comments to the media on other matters.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]9 June 09 Media Stakeout: Press statement on Burundi by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki İlkin.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]9 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]9 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]9 June 09 Security Council: The situation in Burundi. Fifth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (S/2009/270).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 42 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 42 minutes ]8 June 09 UN in action: Programme 1183-1187 - 5 video clips[Webcast: Archived Video - 22 minutes ]8 June 09 Press Conference: Ambassador Hasjim Djalal, Senior Advisor to the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, and David Freestone, Professor at George Washington University Law School and Visiting Professor at UN University, to mark World Oceans Day.[Webcast: Archived Video - 53 minutes ]8 June 09 Security Council: The situation in Sierra Leone - Second report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (S/2009/267).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 2 hours ]8 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 20 minutes ]5 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka, H.E. Mr. H. M. G. S. Palihakkara, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]5 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]5 June 09 Media Stakeout: United Nations Secretary-General, H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, following the meeting with the Security Council Informal Interactive Discussion on Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]5 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by Ms. Mia Farrow on the situation in Sudan.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]5 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by Mr. Luis Moreno-Ocampo, Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court on the situation in Sudan.[Webcast: Archived Video - 16 minutes ]5 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Sudan, H.E. Mr. Abdalmahmood Abdalhaleem Mohamad on the situation in Sudan.[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ]5 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 22 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 22 minutes ]5 June 09 Security Council: Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan. Briefing by Mr. Luis Moreno-Ocampo, Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC).[Webcast: Archived Video - 28 minutes ]4 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 32 minutes ]4 June 09 Press Conference: The Coalition for the International Criminal Court, to brief on Darfur. Speakers will be: Richard Dicker, Director, International Justice Program, Human Rights Watch; and Omer Ismail, Vice President, Advocacy, Darfur Peace and Development and Advisor, The Enough Project.[Webcast: Archived Video - 55 minutes ]4 June 09 Security Council: International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (S/2009/252) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (S/2009/247).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours and 3 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 3 hours and 3 minutes ]4 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Prime Minister of Croatia, H.E. Mr. Ivo Sanader, on the International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]3 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guests at noon: Michael Adlerstein, Assistant Secretary-General and Executive Director of the Capital Master Plan (CMP), to provide an update on the CMP.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 21 minutes ]3 June 09 General Assembly: 85th plenary meetingFollow-up to the outcome of the Millennium Summit (draft resolution A/63/L.8/Rev.1) “Climate change and its possible security implications”.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 9 minutes][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 9 minutes]2 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Vice Prime Minister and Minister for Regional Development of Israel, H.E. Mr. Silvan Shalom, following his meeting with the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 22 minutes ]2 June 09 Press Conference: Ambassador Baki Ilkin, Permanent Representative of Turkey and President of the Security Council for June, to brief on the Council's programme of work for the month.[Webcast: Archived Video - 32 minutes ]2 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 31 minutes ]2 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Prime Minister of Croatia, H.E. Mr. Ivo Sanader, following his meeting with the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]2 June 09 Special Event: International student video conference in observance of UN World Environment Day with interactive dialogue on climate change among students from Bangladesh, Kenya, Panama, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 40 minutes ]1 June 09 Special Event: 2009 UN Population Award Ceremony. The Secretary-General will present the Population Award to the laureates.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 50 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]1 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]1 June 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]1 June 09 Media Stakeout: H.E. Mr. Ehud Barak, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense of Israel to brief the press following his meeting with the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]1 June 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 27 minutes ]29 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by H.E. Mr. Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar, Foreign Minister of Somalia, on the Piracy off the Coast of Somalia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ]29 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by Mr. Greg Delawie, United States of America. Acting Assistant Secretary, in the office of Political and Military Affairs (US States Department) on the Piracy off the Coast of Somalia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 12 minutes ]29 May 09 Special Event: International Day of U.N. Peacekeepers -Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Alain Le Roy will award medals at Headquarters to the military and police officers currently serving in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 26 minutes ]29 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, Special Representative for Somalia, to brief on the situation in Somalia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 22 minutes ]29 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar, Foreign Minister of Somalia, to brief on the situation in Somalia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 44 minutes ]29 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guests at noon: Alain Le Roy, Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, and Susana Malcorra, Under-Secretary-General for Field Support, to brief on the occasion of the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 2 minutes ]29 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki İlkin, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]29 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]29 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Cyprus, H.E. Mr. Minas A. Hadjimichael, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]29 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Côte d’Ivoire (S/2009/248)[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 7 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 7 minutes ]29 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Cyprus[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 6 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 6 minutes ]29 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Amre Moussa, Secretary-General of the League of Arab States.[Webcast: Archived Video - 50 minutes ]29 May 09 Special Event: International Day of U.N. Peacekeepers - Dag Hammarskjöld Medals will be awarded posthumously to the military, police and civilian personnel who lost their lives last year serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations. The medals will be received by representatives of the respective Permanent Missions to be forwarded on to the next of kin.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 38 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]29 May 09 Special Event: International Day of U.N. Peacekeepers - Solemn wreath-laying ceremony in honour of the 132 peacekeeping personnel, 10 of them women, who lost their lives whether through attacks, illnesses or accidents in 2008 in the service of peace.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 9 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]28 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]28 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]28 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]28 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 minute ]28 May 09 Security Council: Briefing by Security Council mission to Africa (14 to 21 May 2009).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 39 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 39 minutes ]28 May 09 Press Conference: John Holmes, Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs, to launch a revised humanitarian response plan for Pakistan.[Webcast: Archived Video - 21 minutes ]28 May 09 Special Event: Partial coverage of the Graduation Ceremony for the Class of 2009 of the United Nations International School (UNIS)[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 26 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]28 May 09 Press Conference: Sheila Sisulu, World Food Programme (WFP) Deputy Executive Director for Hunger Solutions and Henk-Jan Brinkman, WFP Senior Advisor for Economic Policy, to brief on the subject of hunger amid the financial and food crises.[Webcast: Archived Video - 45 minutes ]28 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guest at noon: Maxwell Gaylard, Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and UN Coordinator for humanitarian and development activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, to provide a humanitarian update on the situation in Gaza.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 1 minute ]28 May 09 Press Conference: Rob Vos, Director of the Development Policy and Analysis Division at Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), to launch the joint United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and the African Union Commission (AU) report “Developing African Agriculture through Regional Value Chains.”[Webcast: Archived Video - 48 minutes ]28 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (S/2009/246).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 55 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 1 hour and 55 minutes ]27 May 09 Press Conference: Alexander Lomaia, Permanent Representative of Georgia, to brief in connection with the Secretary-General's report pursuant to Security Council resolutions 1808 (2008), 1839 (2008) and 1866 (2009).[Webcast: Archived Video - 28 minutes ]27 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly. Guests at noon: Guest: Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Chairperson of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, to brief on 8th Session of the Forum (18-29 May).[Webcast: Archived Video - 45 minutes ]27 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in Georgia and on Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]27 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]27 May 09 Press Conference: Rob Vos, Director of the Development Policy and Analysis Division at Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) will launch the mid-year report “World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009.”[Webcast: Archived Video - 47 minutes ]26 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]26 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]26 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly. Guests at noon: John Holmes, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs (via teleconference), and Lynn Pascoe, Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, will brief on the Secretary-General's recent trip to Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour ]26 May 09 Security Council: Briefings by Chairmen of subsidiary bodies of the Security Council.Morning meeting:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 45 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 2 hours and 45 minutes ]Afternoon meeting:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 46 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 1 hour and 46 minutes ]26 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Somalia[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 5 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 5 minutes ]26 May 09 General Assembly: 84th plenary meeting1. Appointment of members of the Committee on Contributions: Note by the Secretary-General (A/63/102/Add.1)2. Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the preparation of the 2008 Review Conference[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 22 minutes]26 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, on the situation in Somalia and on Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]25 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]25 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Deputy Permanent Representative of France, Mr. Jean-Pierre Lacroix, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]25 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]25 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, in connection with Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]22 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki Ilkin, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]22 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the United States Ambassador and Alternate Representative for Special Political Affairs, H.E. Ms. Rosemary A. DiCarlo, on the situation in Myanmar and the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]22 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, on the situation in Myanmar and the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]22 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - 39 minutes ]21 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly. Guests at noon: Angela Kane, Under-Secretary-General for Management, and Jun Yamazaki, Assistant Secretary-General and Controller to brief on the financial situation of the United Nations.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour ]21 May 09 Special Event: DPI/NGO Briefing - "May I ask a question, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict?" (Radhika Coomaraswamy).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 14 minutes ]20 May 09 Special Event: Presentation on “Bosnia and Herzegovina –– Moving forward”[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 55 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 55 minutes ]20 May 09 Press Conference: Joana Caparrós, President of Women Together, Pilar Ribal, Vice-president of Women Together, Petra Mateos, President of Hispasat, and Patricia Velásquez, actress and model, to present their activities at UNHQ on 20 and 21 May.[Webcast: Archived Video - 30 minutes ]20 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly. Guest at noon: Alain Le Roy, Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, and Susana Malcorra, Under-Secretary-General for Field Support, to brief on the latest developments and challenges in peacekeeping.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 2 minutes ]20 May 09 Media Stakeout: Raymond Wolfe, Permanent Representative of Jamaica and Russell Simmons, hip-hop musician, will speak to the press, following an event to appoint Mr. Simmons as UN Goodwill Ambassador for the Permanent Memorial to honour the victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade (A/RES/63/5).[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]20 May 09 Special Event: Launch of the Trust Fund and Goodwill Ambassador Ceremony for the Permanent Memorial to honour the memory of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade (A/RES/63/5). Appointement of Mr. Simmons as UN Goodwill Ambassador for the Permanent Memorial.[Webcast: Archived Video - 54 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations (delivered by Kiyo Akasaka, Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information)[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]19 May 09 21st Century: Programme #30[Webcast: Archived Video - 26 minutes ]19 May 09 UN in action (in French): Programme 1178-1182 - 5 video clips[Webcast: Archived Video - 20 minutes ]19 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - 36 minutes ]19 May 09 Press Conference: Sarbuland Khan from the UN Global Alliance for ICT and Development (GAID) and Shai Reshef from the University of the People to brief on an online initiative aimed at bridging the gap between unprecedented access to the Internet, dropping technology costs and rising tuitions worldwide.[Webcast: Archived Video - 32 minutes ]18 May 09 Press Conference: Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Lars Anders Baer and Carsten Smith from the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues to brief on the opening of the 8th Session of the Forum.[Webcast: Archived Video - 48 minutes ]18 May 09 Special Event: Opening meeting of the eight session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 29 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 29 minutes ]Statement by Mr. Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann, President of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 18 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Spanish / English: 18 minutes ]Statement by Deputy Secretary-General Asha‑Rose Migiro[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]18 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guest at noon: John Holmes, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, to brief on the situation in Sri Lanka and Pakistan.[Webcast: Archived Video - 55 minutes ]15 May 09 Special Event: On the occasion of the International recognition of the Day of Vesak (coordinated by the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea).[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 hours and 29 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]15 May 09 Press Conference: Ambassador Eric Danon, Representative of France to the UN Conference on Disarmament, to brief on the 3rd Preparatory Committee for 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference.[Webcast: Archived Video - 39 minutes ]15 May 09 Press Conference: Ambassador Boniface G. Chidyausiku of Zimbabwe will brief on the 3rd Preparatory Committee for 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference.[Webcast: Archived Video - 21 minutes ]15 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 20 minutes ]15 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Somalia.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 4 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original language: 4 minutes ]15 May 09 Special Event: 17th session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (4-15 May 2009). Summaries of the rountable / Closing of the sessionArchived Videos (Complete list of speakers)14 May 09 Special Event: Opening of the UNA-USA High School Model UN.Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations followed by questions and answers from the students[Webcast: Archived Video - 27 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 8 minutes ]14 May 09 Press Conference: Nirupam Sen and Michael Clark, senior advisors to the President of the General Assembly, to brief on the upcoming UN Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development. The briefing will focus on Asia and the Pacific region.[Webcast: Archived Video - 48 minutes ]14 May 09 Special Event: H.E. Ms. Gunilla Carlsson, Minister for International Development Cooperation of Sweden, will present the report of the International Commission on Climate Change and Development.Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - 50 minutes ]14 May 09 Press Conference: Ambassador John McNee, Permanent Representative of Canada to brief, in his capacity as the President of the Economic and Social Council’s Ad-Hoc Advisory Group on Haiti, on the Group’s recent visit to the country.[Webcast: Archived Video - 40 minutes ]14 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guests at noon: Yvo de Boer, Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), will provide an update on the climate change negotiations.[Webcast: Archived Video - 40 minutes ]14 May 09 Special Event: 17th session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (4-15 May 2009). Round tables:Realizing a sustainable green revolution in AfricaLand and Water Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development.Archived Videos (Complete list of speakers)13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Austria, H.E. Mr. Thomas Mayr-Harting, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, on the situation in Sri Lanka and the Middle East.[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Press Statement read by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in the Middle East.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of France, H.E. Mr. Jean-Maurice Ripert, on the situation in Sri Lanka, Somalia, the Middle East and other matters.[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ] (French and English)13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in Somalia and Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]13 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by B. Lynn Pascoe, Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, on the situation in Somalia and Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ]13 May 09 Special Event: Cheque presentation ceremony to Play 31 [NGO].Informal remarks by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations.[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]13 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Andrei Dapkiunas, Permanent Representative of Belarus and H.E. Mr. Maged Abdelaziz, Permanent Representative of Egypt, to brief on the Interactive Thematic Dialogue of the General Assembly on "Taking collective action to end human trafficking" and on the global plan of action on preventing trafficking in persons.[Webcast: Archived Video - 40 minutes ]13 May 09 Press Conference: Hariharan Pakshi Rajan from the Secretariat of the Commission on the Limit of the Continental Shelf, to brief on submissions by State Parties to U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 37 minutes ]13 May 09 Press Conference: Antonio Maria Costa, Executive Director of the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Nestor Arbito Chica, Minister of Justice and Human Rights of Ecuador, and Saisuree Chutikul from the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to brief on the Interactive Thematic Dialogue of the General Assembly on "Taking collective action to end human trafficking.[Webcast: Archived Video - 29 minutes ]13 May 09 General Assembly: Interactive Thematic Dialogue “Taking collective action to end human trafficking”. [Programme] pdf.Statement by Mr. Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann, President of the General Assembly (read by the Vice-President of the General Assembly).[Webcast: Archived Video - 12 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]Morning Meeting:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 3 hours]Afternoon Meeting:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 3 hours]13 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 20 minutes ]13 May 09 Press Conference: Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.[Webcast: Archived Video - 20 minutes ]13 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Somalia (S/2009/210).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 55 minutes ]13 May 09 Special Event: 17th session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (4-15 May 2009). High Level Segment / Round table on food crisis.Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]Archived Videos (Complete list of speakers)12 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guests at noon: Paul Hoeffel from the Office of President of the General Assembly and Craig Mokhiber, Deputy Director of the New York office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) will brief on the Human Rights Council elections.[Webcast: Archived Video - 47 minutes ]12 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by Mr. Steve Crawshaw, Human Rights Watch, following the results of the elections of eighteen members of the Human Rights Council.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]12 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, following the results of the elections of eighteen members of the Human Rights Council.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]12 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by a representative of the NGO "Eye on the UN", following the results of the elections of eighteen members of the Human Rights Council.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]12 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Mexico, H.E. Mr. Claude Heller, following the results of the elections of eighteen members of the Human Rights Council.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]12 May 09 General Assembly: 83rd plenary meeting:Elections of eighteen members of the Human Rights Council.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 50 minutes]11 May 09 Special Event: Side event during the 17th session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development on the theme of "Gender and food security".Participants: Cheryl Morden from International Fund for Agricultural Development, Martha Hirpa from Heifer International and Linda Nghatsane, a farmer from South Africa.The event is organized by Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (WOCAN) in Partnership with Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 28 minutes ]11 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Observer of Palestine, H.E. Mr. Riyad Mansour, on the situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]11 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by H.E. Mr. David Miliband, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the UK; H.E. Mr. Bernard Kouchner, Minister of Foreign Affairs of France; and H.E. Mr. Michael Spindelegger, Federal Minister of European and International Affairs of Austria, on the situation in Sri Lanka, the Middle East and other matters.[Webcast: Archived Video - 14 minutes ]11 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Sergey Lavrov, Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation, to brief following Security Council debate on the Middle East.[Webcast: Archived Video - 17 minutes ]11 May 09 Security Council: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 18 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 18 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]11 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - 19 minutes ]11 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by H.E. Mr. David Miliband, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]8 May 09 Security Council: Presidential Statement. The situation in Chad and the Central African Republic.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 5 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 5 minutes ]8 May 09 Press Conference: President of the General Assembly Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann to brief on the draft outcome document of the upcoming UN Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development (1-3 June 2009).[Webcast: Archived Video - 17 minutes ]8 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 15 minutes ]8 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Sudan, H.E. Mr. Abdalmahmood Abdalhaleem Mohamad on the situation in Chad.[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]8 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of France, H.E. Mr. Jean-Maurice Ripert, on the situation in Chad and Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ] (French and English)8 May 09 General Assembly: 82nd plenary meeting:1. Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects: report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/63/402/Add.1)2. Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the preparation of the 2008 Review Conference: draft decision (A/63/L.71)[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 33 minutes][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 1 hour and 33 minutes]8 May 09 Security Council: The situation in Chad, the Central African Republic and the subregion (S/2009/232).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 45 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 45 minutes ]7 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Nirupam Sen, Permanent Representative of India, and Michael Clark, senior adviser to the President of the General Assembly, to brief on the General Assembly's upcoming Economic Crisis Summit.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 2 minutes ]7 May 09 Special Event: Co-sponsored by the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs.Presentations by: U.N. High Representative Sergio Duarte, U.N. Messenger of Peace Michael Douglas, Former Under-Secretary General Nobuyasu Abe, Former Under-Secretary General Jayantha Dhanapala and Chaired by GSI President Jonathan Granoff.[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 35 minutes ]7 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Vitaly I. Churkin, on the situation in the Middle-East, Chad and other matters.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]7 May 09 Special Event: NGO Briefing on "Media, Dialogue, Mutual Understanding, and Reconciliation: A Look at the Arab World" - In Observance of World Press Freedom Day (3 May).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 34 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 34 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 7 minutes ]7 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 19 minutes ]7 May 09 Security Council: The situation in the Middle East. Ninth Semi-Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1559 (2004) (S/2009/218).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 25 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 25 minutes ]6 May 09 Special Event: Panel Discussion "Progressive Initiatives" - Mr. Gareth Evans of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament, Ms. Christie Brinkley, GSI Board Member, Hideo Hiraoka, Member of the Japanese Diet, chaired by Mr. Henrik Salander. (more)[Webcast: Archived Video - 1 hour and 22 minutes ]6 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 34 minutes ]6 May 09 Media Stakeout: H.E. Mr. Shimon Peres, President of Israel.[Webcast: Archived Video - 15 minutes ]6 May 09 Press Conference: Julia Freedson from Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, Jo Becker from Human Rights Watch and Htoo Htoo from the Karen Human Rights Group to launch Watchlist’s new report on children and armed conflict in Myanmar.[Webcast: Archived Video - 31 minutes ]6 May 09 Press Conference: Connie Hedegaard, Minister for Climate and Energy of Denmark, to brief on the UN climate change negotiations and prospects for reaching a global climate change agreement at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP15) to take place in Copenhagen, 7-18 December 2009.[Webcast: Archived Video - 27 minutes ]5 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by H.E. Ms. Yoriko Kawaguchi and H.E. Mr. Gareth Evans, Co-chairs, International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament.[Webcast: Archived Video - 18 minutes ]5 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Alexander Lomaia, Permanent Representative of Georgia.[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]5 May 09 Press Conference: United Nations Secretary-General, H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon and Dr. David Nabarro, Senior UN System Coordinator for Influenza.[Webcast: Archived Video - 54 minutes ]5 May 09 Security Council: Report of the Secretary-General on the request of Nepal for United Nations assistance in support of its peace process (S/2009/221) .[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 30 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 1 hour and 30 minutes ]5 May 09 Security Council: Presidential Statement - Peace and security in Africa.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 7 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 7 minutes ]5 May 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Head of the United States of America Delegation to the Preparatory Committee for the 2010 Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Mrs. Rose Gottemoeller, Assistant Secretary of States.[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ]4 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guest at noon: Dr. David Nabarro, Senior UN System Coordinator for Influenza.[Webcast: Archived Video - 50 minutes ]4 May 09 Special Event: Opening of the 17th session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (4-15 May 2009).Archived Video (Complete list of speakers)4 May 09 General Assembly: Informal meeting on the (H1N1) influenza.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour]Opening statement by Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann , President of the General Assembly[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ]Statement by Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO)[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]Statement by Mr. David Nabarro, Senior UN System Coordinator for Influenza[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]4 May 09 Press Conference: H.E. Mr. Vitaly Churkin, Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation and President of the Security Council for May, to brief on the Council's programme of work for the month.[Webcast: Archived Video - 32 minutes ]1 May 09 Press Conference: Michael Clark, senior adviser to the President of the General Assembly, to brief on the upcoming General Assembly Economic Crisis Summit (1-3 June)[Webcast: Archived Video - 42 minutes ]1 May 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 21 minutes ]30 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Morocco, H.E. Mr.Mohammed Loulichki, on the situation in Western Sahara.[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ] (English and Arabic)30 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Mexico, H.E. Mr. Claude Heller, on the situation in Western Sahara.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]30 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]30 April 09 Security Council: The situation in Western Sahara.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 44 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 44 minutes ]30 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 16 minutes ]30 April 09 Press Conference: World Health Organization. (Audio only)[Webcast: Archived Audio - 26 minutes ]30 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki Ilkin, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]30 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus, H.E. Mr. Alexander Downer, on the situation in Cyprus.[Webcast: Archived Video - 15 minutes ]29 April 09 Press Conference: Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of World Health Organization (WHO), to brief on the current situation of the Swine Flu.[Statement by WHO Director-General][Webcast: Archived Audio - 50 minutes ]29 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Ambassador of France for Human Rights, H.E. Mr. François Zimeray, on Children and armed conflict.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ] (English and French)29 April 09 Press Conference: John Holmes, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, to brief on his recent mission to Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 29 minutes ]29 April 09 Security Council: Children and armed conflict. Report of the Secretary-General on the Children and armed conflict (S/2009/158).Statement by H.E. Ms. Patricia Espinosa, Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 10 minutes ]Morning Session:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours and 9 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 3 hours and 9 minutes ]Afternoon Session:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 4 hours and 28 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 4 hours and 28 minutes ]29 April 09 Press Conference: Carlos Lopes, Executive Director of the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), and William Lacy Swing, Director-General of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), to discuss the Migration and Development Seminar Series.[Webcast: Archived Video - 31 minutes ]29 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly.[Webcast: Archived Video - 44 minutes ]28 April 09 Special Event: Powhiri (traditional Maori ceremony) to welcome UNDP Administrator Helen Clark.The powhiri is the traditional Maori ceremony which takes place when manuhiri (visitors) and tangata whenua (people of the land) meet. The ceremony is a dynamic part of public life in New Zealand today. In this case, the ceremony will provide the framework for the "delivery" of Helen Clark by New Zealand Maori leaders to UNDP. New Zealand's Maori leaders have travelled to New York to support Helen Clark in their personal capacity to carry out this powhiri.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 54 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 54 minutes ]28 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 24 minutes ]28 April 09 Security Council: The situation in Côte d'Ivoire. Twentieth progress report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (S/2009/196).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 17 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 17 minutes ]27 April 09 Press Conference: Dr. Keiji Fukuda, Assistant Director-General for Health Security and Environment of WHO briefs on the swine flu situation.[Webcast: Archived Video - 38 minutes ]27 April 09 Special Event: Special High-level Meeting of the Economic and Social Council with the Bretton Woods Institutions, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.[Website]Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 8 minutes ]Morning Session:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 4 hours and 12 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 4 hours and 12 minutes ]Afternoon Session:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 3 hours and 40 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 3 hours and 40 minutes ]27 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. Guest at noon: Rodolphe Adada, Joint AU-UN Special Representative for Darfur, briefs the press following Security Council consultations on AU-UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID).Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - 36 minutes ]27 April 09 Security Council: Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan. Report of the Secretary-General on the deployment of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (S/2009/201).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 19 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 19 minutes ]24 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Japan, H.E. Mr. Yukio Takasu, on Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]24 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Deputy Permanent Representative of the Democratic Peoples's Republic of Korea, Mr. Pak Tok Hun on non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]24 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Baki Ilkin, on Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]24 April 09 Special Event: Event on the theme "The tsunami global lessons learned", to present the report entitled "The tsunami legacy: Innovation, breakthroughs and change", co-chaired by the newly appointed Administrator of UNDP, in her capacity as Head of UNDG, and the Permanent Representative of Indonesia.Statement by H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations[Webcast: Archived Video - 9 minutes ]Statement by Mr. Bill Clinton, former US President and UN Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery[Webcast: Archived Video - 17 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 41 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 41 minutes ]24 April 09 Special Event: Video message of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, on "Women for Peace".[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 minutes ]24 April 09 Press Conference: Amin Awad, Representative of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Sri Lanka, to brief on the humanitarian situation in Sri Lanka.Press Statement by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Mexico, H.E. Mr. Claude Heller[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - 30 minutes ]24 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly. Guest at noon: Radhika Coomaraswamy, Special Representative for the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to present the latest Annual Report of the Secretary General on the situation of children and armed conflict, and brief on her recent trip to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[Webcast: Archived Video - 43 minutes ]24 April 09 General Assembly: 81st plenary meetingSpecial economic assistance to individual countries or regions: draft resolution A/63/L.67[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 15 minutes][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 15 minutes]24 April 09 Security Council: The situation in Chad, the Central African Republic and the subregion. Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (S/2009/199).[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 42 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 42 minutes ]23 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General and the Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly. Guest at noon: Catherine Bragg, Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, to brief on the humanitarian situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 52 minutes ]23 April 09 Special Event: NGO Briefing on "Towards the End of the Decade to Roll Back Malaria in Developing Countries" in observance of World Malaria Day 2009.[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 6 minutes ]22 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka, H.E. Mr. H.M.G.S. Palihakkara, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 9 minutes ]22 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ms. Catherine Bragg, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 4 minutes ]22 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the President of the Security Council and Permanent Representative of Mexico, H.E. Mr. Claude Heller, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 6 minutes ]22 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United States of America, H.E. Ms. Susan E. Rice, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 3 minutes ]22 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom, H.E. Sir John Sawers, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 5 minutes ]22 April 09 Special Event: Mother Earth Day special event.Opening statement by Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann , President of the General Assembly[Webcast: Archived Video - 11 minutes ]Statement by H.E. Mr. Evo Morales Ayma, President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia[Webcast: English | Original language - 15 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 22 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 22 minutes ]22 April 09 Press Conference: Evo Morales, President of Bolivia, and Paul Oquist, Senior Advisor to the President of the General Assembly, to brief on the General Assembly's plenary meeting on International Mother Earth Day.[Webcast: Archived Video - 59 minutes ]22 April 09 Daily Noon Press Briefing: By the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General.[Webcast: Archived Video - 21 minutes ]22 April 09 Media Stakeout: Informal comments to the Media by the Permanent Representative of France, H.E. Mr. Jean-Maurice Ripert, on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 2 minutes ]22 April 09 General Assembly: 80th plenary meetingProtection of global climate for present and future generations of mankind (draft resolution A/63/L.69).Statement by H.E. Mr. Evo Morales Ayma, President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia[Webcast: English | Original language - 13 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - English: 1 hour and 2 minutes][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 1 hour and 2 minutes]22 April 09 Press Conference: Joseph Cornelius Donnelly from CARITAS Internationalis, Anna Neistat from Human Rights Watch, Robert Templer from International Crisis Group and Nimmi Gowrinathan from Operation USA to brief on the situation in Sri Lanka.[Webcast: Archived Video - 57 minutes ]21 April 09 Security Council: Maintenance of international peace and security: Mediation and settlement of disputes. Report of the Secretary-General on enhancing mediation and its support activities (S/2009/189).Morning session:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 50 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 50 minutes ]Afternoon session:[Webcast: Archived Video - English: 2 hours and 27 minutes ][Webcast: Archived Video - Original Language: 2 hours and 27 minutes ]2
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Grading the States 2009: Overviewhttp://www.nami.org/gtsTemplate09.cfm?Section=Overview1&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=75106<Our national mental health care system is in crisis. Long fragile, fragmented, and inadequate, it is now in serious peril. In 2003, the presidential New Freedom Commission presented a vision for a life-saving, recovery-oriented, cost-effective, evidence-based system of care. States have been working to improve the system, but progress is minimal.Today, even those states that have worked the hardest stand to see their gains wiped out. As the country faces the deepest economic crisis since the Great Depression, state budget shortfalls mean budget cuts to mental health services.The budget cuts are coming at a time when mental health services are even more urgently needed. It is a vicious cycle that destroys lives and creates more significant financial troubles for states and the federal government in the long run.One in four Americans experience mental illness at some point in their lives. The most serious conditions affect 10.6 million people. Mental illness is the greatest cause of disability in the nation, and twice as many Americans live with schizophrenia than with HIV/AIDS.We know what works to save lives and help people recover. In the face of crisis, America needs to move forward, not retreat. We cannot leave our most vulnerable citizens behind.Letter from the NAMI Executive DirectorRead the letter from NAMI's Executive Director, Michael J. Fitzpatrick, which opens the NAMI Grading the States 2009 report.Executive SummaryRead the executive summary of Grading the States 2009 report.Authors and AcknowledgementsNAMI wishes to thank these people for their hard work and dedication on Grading the States 2009.United States Report CardRead about how the United States rates overall and see the national scorecard.presented by:Brain Injury Association of AmericaJune 15, 2009In this MegaVote for Mississippi's 3rd Congressional District:Recent Congressional Votes -* Senate: Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act* House: Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011* House: Pakistan Enduring Assistance and Cooperation Enhancement (PEACE) Act* House: Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control ActUpcoming Congressional Bills -* Senate: Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009* House: Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010* House: Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2010Recent Senate VotesFamily Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act - Vote Passed (79-17, 3 Not Voting)The Senate passed this bill that would give the FDA regulatory authority over tobacco, but would not allow the agency to ban cigarettes or other tobacco products.Sen. Thad Cochran voted YES......send e-mail or see bioSen. Roger Wicker voted YES......send e-mail or see bioRecent House VotesForeign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011 - Vote Passed (235-187, 11 Not Voting)The House passed this bill that would authorize funding for the Department of State and the Peace Corps through fiscal year 2011.Rep. Gregg Harper voted NO......send e-mail or see bioPakistan Enduring Assistance and Cooperation Enhancement (PEACE) Act - Vote Passed (234-185, 14 Not Voting)The House approved this bill to authorize democratic, economic and security assistance to Pakistan.Rep. Gregg Harper voted NO......send e-mail or see bioFamily Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act - Vote Passed (307-97, 30 Not Voting)The House gave final passage to this bill granting the FDA regulatory authority over tobacco, sending it to the President.Rep. Gregg Harper voted YES......send e-mail or see bioUpcoming VotesSupplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 - H.R.2346The Senate and House are both expected to vote on final approval of this war supplemental bill.Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010 - H.R.2847The House is scheduled to vote on this bill to fund the Departments of Commerce and Justice, science agencies, and other related agencies for Fiscal Year 2010.Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2010 - H.R.___The House is also scheduled to vote on this bill to fund the Department of Homeland Security for Fiscal Year 2010.From the Desk of:David Martin, Executive Vice PresidentMEDIA RESEARCH CENTER6/15/2009METRIC,Tomorrow morning, the Media Research Center will be delivering hundreds of thousands of petitions on your behalf to the Senate Commerce Committee prior to their FCC confirmation hearing! The petitions call on the government to “reject any and all efforts to censor, limit, or restrain conservative or Christian talk radio.”As we mentioned earlier, President Obama’s pick for FCC Chairmain, Julius Genachowski, is a strong proponent of “diversity” in the media—code for promoting liberalism and liberal views. Confirmation of Obama’s pick could throw open the door to regulation and control of conservative talk radio!That’s why we are writing you today, METRIC.Ahead of our massive petition delivery on the morning of the hearing, we are asking ALL members of the MRC Action team to call each member of the Senate Commerce Committee and urge them to make sure that no FCC nominee will regulate or control radio content.That means… NO to the “Fairness Doctrine”… NO to forced “diversity” in media ownership… NO to serving the government’s flawed idea of “local” or “public” interest.Leave radio content alone!! Radio content should be driven by the free market. Let the consumer decide!We must have any and all nominees on the record supporting Free Speech in advance of their confirmation, and we are counting on you to help make that happen.++ Call Members of the Senate Commerce Committee TodayHelp the MRC by calling EVERY member of the committee today and tomorrow!Below are the members and their contact information:DemocratsJohn D. Rockefeller, WV – 202-224-6472Daniel K. Inouye, HI – 202-224-3934John Kerry, MA – 202-224-2742Byron Dorgan, ND – 202-224-2551Barbara Boxer, CA – 202-224-3553Bill Nelson, FL – 202-224-5274Maria Cantwell, WA – 202-224-3441Frank Lautenberg, NJ – 202-224-3224Mark Pryor, AR – 202-224-2353Clair McCaskill, MO – 202-224-6154Amy Klobuchar, MN – 202-224-3244Tom Udall, NM – 202-224-6621Mark Warner, VA – 202-224-2023Mark Begich, AK – 202-224-3004RepublicansKay Bailey Hutchison, TX – 202-224-5922Olympia Snowe, ME – 202-224-5344John Ensign, NV – 202-224-6244Jim DeMint, SC – 202-224-6121John Thune, SD – 202-224-2321Roger Wicker, MS – 202-224-6253Johnny Isakson, GA – 202-224-3643David Vitter, LA – 202-224-4623Sam Brownback, KS – 202-224-6521Mel Martinez, FL – 202-224-3041Mike Johanns, NE – 202-224-4224METRIC, when calling, be sure to urge EVERY member of the committee to stand first and foremost for the preservation of our Free Speech Rights by opposing ANY regulation or control of radio content.++ Alert Your FriendsAfter placing your calls, please forward this message to 20-30 friends, urging them to take action with you, first by signing their name to our Free Speech petition and then by making phone calls to members of the Senate Commerce Committee.These past two weeks have been among the most proactive and exciting in MRC Action team history as we heroically stepped up with petitions, faxes, and phone calls demanding an end to the looming threat against our Free Speech Rights.Now it’s all come down to these confirmation hearings…Your petitions will be there, now we need tens of thousands of MRC Action team members to strike a blow for Free Speech Rights by calling every member of the Senate Commerce committee and inviting your friends to do the same!Thanks again for your outstanding support of the MRC!DavidP.S: We must impress on every member of that committee the importance of our Free Speech Rights. We need them to ask the tough questions to ensure that our First Amendment Rights are never regulated into silence. Call today!
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http://www.capitolconnect.com/yourethecure/fastaction.aspx?AlertID=13519&Group=http://www.unionvoice.org/campaign/nba_sweatshops/step2 TAKE ACTION ON You have already participated in this advocacy campaign.You may visit your subscription management page to update your account, view past actions, or look for other opportunities to take action.http://www.nrdconline.org/campaign/nrdcaction_060309 TAKE ACTION ON Tell your representative to vote Yes for the American Clean Energy and Security Acthttp://action.lcv.org/campaign/aces_0609/keus6xryjn3d8w3? TAKE ACTION ONOther Advocacy Campaigns you can participate in:* Chancellor Blumenthal - Stop Discriminatory Cuts at UC Santa Cruz!* Tell SUNY to Stop Subsidizing Sweatshops! Support the Ethical Business Conduct in Higher Ed Act!* Tell Florida Governor Crist to Take a Stand Against Slavery!* Russell: Stop Threats of Violence Against Honduran Workers!http://www.visualwebcaster.com/event.asp?id=59731 TAKE ACTION ON Health Care Strategy Call with Senator Chris Doddhttp://action.foe.org/t/8815/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=1113 TAKE ACTION ON Help Obama strengthen climate goalsCustomize your messagehttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/2463/t/1659/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27442 TAKE ACTION ON Save Waterton-Glacier International Peace Parkhttp://action.wilderness.org/campaign/glacier_park/i7dd5ukfq7x6d8kj? TAKE ACTION ON Protect Montana's Glacier National Park from Canadian strip-mining pollutionhttp://action.lcv.org/campaign/aces_0609/keus6xryjn3d8w3? TAKE ACTION ON Happy Father’s Day!http://liunaactionnetwork.org/campaign/health_tax/inees8i4p7xkbedd? TAKE ACTION ON Tell Sen. Baucus: Don't Tax Our Health Care!http://www.nrdconline.org/campaign/nrdcaction_060309Peru: End police attacks on peaceful indigenous protesters...Climate Justice, tell Europe to pay its fair share...Protect Tibetans and SerNgul Lo Mountain...Campaign Against Cambodian Child Sex Trafficking...Global Warming Endangers Public Health...Corporate Influence Undermines Climate Change Bill...Protect the Amazon and the climate...Stop the trophy hunting of bears in the Great Bear Rainforest ahead of the 2010 Olympics...And much morehttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=251urgent campaignsPeru: End police attacks on peaceful indigenous protesters...Bring Peace to Darfur…"Stop the Settlements"...https://secure3.convio.net/gpeace/site/Advocacy?pagename=homepage&page=UserAction&id=438&autologin=true&JServSessionIdr011=3noncasi14.app304b TAKE ACTION ON Tell the EPA to Give Obama the Power to Rescue the Climatehttp://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/siteapps/advocacy/ActionItem.aspx?c=jhKPIXPCIoE&b=2590179&aid=12431&ICID=I0906A01&tr=y&auid=4955530 TAKE ACTION ON Help Release Two Imprisoned Journalists in North Koreahttp://action.citizen.org/t/6693/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=26515 TAKE ACTION ON Support Accountability and Transparency in Government!http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/2167/t/5243/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27409 TAKE ACTION ON Save Mexican Gray Wolves From Being Trapped and Shothttp://acscan.org/healthcare/tellafriend TAKE ACTION ON Make cancer a national priority — invite 3 people to join ushttp://capwiz.com/wand/issues/alert/?alertid=13508201&type=PR TAKE ACTION ON Urge President Obama to honor his pledge to eliminate nukeshttp://www.change.org/actions/view/call_for_the_immediate_release_of_aung_san_suu_kyi_and_all_prisoners_of_conscience_in_myanmar TAKE ACTION ON Call for the Immediate Release of Aung San Suu Kyi and All Prisoners of Conscience in Myanmarhttps://secure3.convio.net/ctfk/site/Advocacy?alertId=659&pg=makeACall&JServSessionIdr011=k2vgkit0w1.app303b TAKE ACTION ON I hear you will be voting soon on the Family Smoking Prevention & Tobacco Control Act and I strongly encourage you to vote for it.http://www.nrdconline.org/campaign/biogems_bears_0609 TAKE ACTION ON Urge Forest Service officials to reject a dangerous mining proposal in the heart of grizzly bear habitat in Montana's Kootenai National Forestsupport the reasonable demands of the Tiananmen Mothers and their efforts to end inpunity for human rights abuses in China...http://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=321HELP! thousends of African Refugees + Migrants Die at the Borders of Europehttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=313facebook HUMANRIGHT and ENVIRONMENTAL CAMPAIGNShttp://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=16464667612http://www.nrdconline.org/campaign/nrdcaction_060409 take action on Tell President Obama to urge the Senate to ratify the Law of the Seahttp://www.unionvoice.org/campaign/SUNY/3uun68k9o7x88mmj? take action on Tell SUNY to Stop Subsidizing Sweatshops! Support the Ethical Business Conduct in Higher Ed Act!http://www.unionvoice.org/campaign/SUNY/step2 take action on * Chancellor Blumenthal - Stop Discriminatory Cuts at UC Santa Cruz!* Save the UC Labor Centers!* Support Working People in our Campus Communities!* HEI Fires Union Leader Ferdi Lazo* Stop NBA Sweatshops: Cut Ties with Russell Corporation!http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/2167/t/5243/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27385 take action on Help Protect Iconic Sierra Bighorn From Deadly Diseasehttp://capwiz.com/peacenow/issues/alert/?alertid=13472641 take action on Ask Congress to set the record straight, back Obama on settlementshttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/1312/t/9277/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27262 TAKE ACTION ON Support a single payer national health care systemhttp://capwiz.com/clw/issues/alert/?alertid=13508826&type=CO TAKE ACTION ON Support President Obama's nuclear weapons policieshttp://action.wilderness.org/campaign/epa/i7dd5uk9q7xjx5wm? TAKE ACTION ON Tell the EPA to create strong regulations for greenhouse gaseshttp://act.credoaction.com/campaign/chinese_internet/?r=3848&id=4431-945900-uWWqlsx TAKE ACTION ON Will Dell & HP help China censor the Dalai Lama?http://capwiz.com/cfif/issues/alert/?alertid=13483006 TAKE ACTION ON Take Action: EPA Regulation to Cost Jobs, Hurt Small Business and Farmershttps://secure2.convio.net/npwf/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=295 TAKE ACTION ONSupport FIRST (Family Income to Respond Significant Transitions)https://secure.oxfamamerica.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=1017 TAKE ACTION ON Tell Congress to support Obama's Global Food Security Strategyhttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/182/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27340 TAKE ACTION ONhttp://komenpolicy.org/campaign/lobbyday_2010budget/8kb87id42jw8nntw? TAKE ACTION ON Urge Congress to Invest in Cancer Funding and Research!http://www.capwiz.com/peaceactionwest/issues/alert/?alertid=13501896 TAKE ACTION ON Tell Congress we need an exit strategy from Afghanistanhttps://secure2.convio.net/aft/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=251 TAKE ACTION ON Support Strong Climate Change Legislationhttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/182/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27340 TAKE ACTION ON Urge Your CA State Senator to Support a Change in Federal Medical Marijuana Lawshttp://capwiz.com/clw/issues/alert/?alertid=13508826&type=CO TAKE ACTION ON Support President Obama's nuclear weapons policieshttp://www.avaaz.org/en/peru_stop_violence/?cl=250477304&v=3461 TAKE ACTION ON Protect Indigenous Rights - Save the Amazon!http://www.survival-international.org/actnow/writealetter/peruvianindians?utm_source=E-news+%28English%29&utm_campaign=501c55f142-Enews_Special_Peru_Protests6_10_2009&utm_medium=email TAKE ACTION ON I am deeply disturbed at the violence in northern Peru that has resulted in so many deaths.https://secure.childrensdefense.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=291 TAKE ACTION ON Ensure Health Care Reform Includes Health Coverage for All Childrenhttp://act.credoaction.com/campaign/gunshow_loophole/?r=3852&id=4475-554884-4neXl9x TAKE ACTION ON Stop domestic right wing terrorists from getting guns.http://go.sojo.net/campaign/climate2009/8n3dn7824jw8ne75?qp_source=act%5f0906%5fclimate TAKE ACTION ON Climate Change: Who Pays for Our Pollution?https://secure.consumersunion.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=2099 TAKE ACTION ON Financial crooks, your time is past!http://org2.democracyinaction.org/o/5095/t/4636/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=806 TAKE ACTION ONhttp://www.rfkcenter.org/nyfarmworkers TAKE ACTION ON SUPPORT NEW YORK FARMWORKERShttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/182/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27340 TAKE ACTION ON Urge Your CA State Senator to Support a Change in Federal Medical Marijuana Lawshttps://online.nwf.org/site/Advocacy?JServSessionIdr011=c88o80uxs1.app27a&cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=919 TAKE ACTION ON Help Pass the American Clean Energy and Security Acthttp://actionnetwork.org/campaign/assemblyVR_2009/iug3b7srfjnxie6t? TAKE ACTION ON Tell the NYS Assembly to Vote "NO" on Vested Rightshttp://action.citizen.org/t/1153/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27410&track=dia061009 TAKE ACTION ON Take Action: Indigenous Peruvians Killed While Protesting Bad Trade Dealhttp://www.pathfind.org/site/Survey?SURVEY_ID=2761&ACTION_REQUIRED=URI_ACTION_USER_REQUESTS&autologin=true TAKE ACTION ON Thank you for State Department Reauthorization Bill (HR 2410)!http://www.truemajority.org/callin/special/index.php?callid=3&district=MS03&email=humanrights.metric@hotmail.com TAKE ACTION ON Appropriations Committeehttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/1552/t/1384/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27408 TAKE ACTION ONStop Nigerian Military Attacks in the Niger Delta!http://action.citizen.org/t/6693/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=26515 TAKE ACTION ON Support Accountability and Transparency in Government!http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/956/t/667/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=1091 TAKE ACTION ONHealth care reform must protect childrenhttps://secure2.convio.net/dpa/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=376 TAKE ACTION ON Please Co-Sponsor Lifesaving Legislationhttps://secure2.convio.net/aarp/site/Advocacy?pagename=homepage&page=UserAction&id=375&autologin=true&JServSessionIdr011=eu69x0qnp2.app20b TAKE ACTION ON Close the Medicare Part DCoverage Gaphttp://actnow-phr.org/campaign/harm_reduction_human_rights TAKE ACTION ONhttp://www.capwiz.com/now/issues/alert/?alertid=13525061 TAKE ACTION ON Hearing Tomorrow! Support the Healthy Families Acthttp://lungaction.org/campaign/fda_0611/3dd8ix54pjwk7bxx? TAKE ACTION ON Senate Passes FDA Tobacco Bill - House to Vote Fridayhttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/1312/t/6850/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27281 TAKE ACTION ON Write your elected representatives in Congress as well as the President and Attorney General to urge disbarment, conduct hearings to investigate torture and appoint a special prosecutor.http://ga3.org/campaign/peru/373diui4vjwk7n5k? TAKE ACTION ON URGENT: Peru Is Murdering Amazon Protesters!http://www.peaceteam.net/action/pnum992.php TAKE ACTION ON What?? ANOTHER Emergency War Supplemental Funding Bill Already?http://www.wdcs.org/stop/killing_trade/petition.php TAKE ACTION ON Act now to stop commercial whaling for good.http://capwiz.com/wagingpeace/issues/alert/?alertid=13535261 TAKE ACTION ON Support a Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone in the Middle Easthttp://ga1.org/campaign/ahf_obamachangeaids?rk=epBFjPFq0GByE TAKE ACTION ON President Obama, Please be the Change on AIDShttp://ga1.org/campaign/ahf_lacountycutsrestored/ TAKE ACTION ON L.A. County Restores Funding for Vital AIDS Care Services!http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/1312/t/6850/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27281 TAKE ACTION ON Disbar the Torture Lawyers and Appoint a Special Prosecutorhttp://takeaction.oceana.org/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=25212 TAKE ACTION ON Tell NMFS to Protect Sea Turtleshttp://www.change.org/actions TAKE ACTION ONhttp://www.kintera.org/siteapps/advocacy/ActionItem.aspx?c=mmKXLbP8E&b=5208007&sid=239976602&auid=4967580 TAKE ACTION ON Research funding has declined over 6 years. As a result: good science has gone unfunded, young scientists (and their new ideas) have been forced into other fields and life-saving treatments have been delayed or lost forever. Your email will bring attention to Alzheimer's as a local issue for your Senator.http://www.dccc.org/page/s/hopecard TAKE ACTION ONhttp://www.wdcs.org/view_e_protest.php?e_protest_select=26&&select=413 TAKE ACTION ON Help us prevent the unnecessary deaths of 10 humpback whales a year. Please e-mail EU members urging them to reject a proposal for Greenland to increase its whale hunts to include humpback whaleshttp://action.earthjustice.org/campaign/hydrofracturing_0609/iiui77s4977n353w? TAKE ACTION ON Protect Your Drinking Water From Toxic Chemicalshttp://capwiz.com/americansforprosperity/issues/alert/?alertid=13500131&queueid=[capwiz:queue_id] TAKE ACTION ON Stop EPA Overreach
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Brain Injury Association of AmericaPolicy Corner E-Newsletter -- June 12, 2009A weekly update on federal policy activity related to traumatic brain injury__________________________________________________________________In This Issue:Cognitive Rehabilitation CoverageHealth Care Reform UpdateNIDRR Grant ForecastCoalition for Regenerative Stem Cell Medicine updateThe Policy Corner is made possible by the Centre for Neuro Skills, James F. Humphreys and Associates, and Lakeview Healthcare Systems, Inc. Brain Injury Association of America gratefully acknowledges their support for legislative action.Cognitive Rehabilitation CoverageThis week BIAA learned of two important victories centered around cognitive rehabilitation services. Anthem Insurance Companies (Anthem BC/BS, Anthem Health Plans) revised its cognitive rehabilitation coverage policy in December 2008 and cited BIAA's position paper among the authoritative sources consulted. Last month, United Health Care followed suit by publishing a coverage change in its May 2009 Network Bulletin .Also this week, BIAA sent a letter to President Obama urging TRICARE coverage for service members. This is a follow up to the summit hosted by the Defense Centers of Excellence in April 2009, which was prompted by Congressional inquiries BIAA initiated last summer.http://www.biausa.org/elements/policy/president_obama_letter_tricare_cog_rehab.pdfInsurance coverage of cognitive rehabilitation has been a centerpiece of BIAA's policy efforts for the past three years. The Anthem and United Health Care coverage policies are important victories for people with brain injury as they provide fuel for our TRICARE advocacy and health care reform fight.BIAA will continue to fight for TRICARE to cover cognitive rehabilitation services to ensure that our returning service members have access to the best health care available.Health Care Reform UpdateOn June 9, 2009, the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee released a draft health care reform bill. In summary, the draft would expand Medicaid eligibility to those with incomes up to 150 percent of the federal poverty level, impose federal tax penalties on most individuals failing to purchase coverage, mandate a public plan option, require employers to provide coverage or pay into a pool, and stiffen regulation of private health insurance plans.Importantly, the plan eliminates life-time insurance caps as well as provides for the establishment of a medical advisory council that will submit a report to the Secretary of Health and Human Services including recommendations on essential health care benefits eligible for credits which includes rehabilitative services. In issuing the report, the council will ensure that the recommendations take into account the needs of diverse segments of the population including persons with disability.The HELP committee plans to begin considering this bill on June 16, 2009. BIAA will continue to monitor the situation carefully.NIDRR Grant ForecastThis week, The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) announced it will include two TBI grant programs in its forecast for 2009. http://www.ed.gov/fund/grant/find/edlite-forecast.html#chart7The first grant application notice, rehabilitation research and training centers (RRTC) on traumatic brain injury interventions, will be available on June 30, 2009, while the second, RRTC on developing strategies to foster community integration and participation for individuals with traumatic brain injury will be available on July 24, 2009.BIAA will report on the details of these applications when they are released.Coalition for Regenerative Stem Cell Medicine updateAs part of the Coalition for Regenerative Stem Cell Medicine, BIAA enthusiastically endorses two important pieces of legislation aimed at advancing the therapeutic potential of newborn stem cells, the unique stem cells that can be collected immediately following birth from umbilical cord blood and the cord itself, as well as helping to advance the use of one's own newborn stem cells in regenerative medicine.HR 1718 - The "Family Cord Blood Banking Act" amends Section 213(d) of the IRS Code to add cord blood banking services as a qualified medical expense. This change will allow individuals and couples to use tax advantaged dollars to pay for umbilical cord blood banking services through flexible spending accounts (FSAs), health savings accounts (HSAs) health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs) or the medical expenses tax deduction.The "Family Cord Blood Banking Act" will make cord blood banking more affordable for American families and provides incentives to ensure that this valuable health resource is never thrown away.HR. 2107 - The "Cord Blood Education and Awareness Act of 2009" will provide expectant mothers with straightforward, accurate and easy to understand information about the value of their child's umbilical cord blood stem cells. It will offer a government stamp of approval on all available cord blood banking options and will give expectant parents confidence in the information they are reviewing.Visit our Website-------------------------------------------------------------Each week, the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law publishes the Legal Services E-lert, reaching a wide audience with the most important articles on civil legal aid and access to justice for low-income people.-------------------------------------------------------------THIS WEEK'S HEADLINES1. Four Years Later, Katrina & Rita Victims Can Buy Their Temporary FEMA Trailers for $1, or Obtain Vouchers for Rental or Public Housing, as FEMA Ends Emergency Program2. Class Action Settlement, Approved by Court, Should End "Chronic Delays" in Provision of Medicaid and Food Stamps in Suffolk County (NY)3. Foreclosures Harm Minorities, Three Lenders Responsible in 47% of Evictions & Steps Needed to Protect Tenants, Says Report by LSC-Funded Rhode Island Legal Services4. House Appropriations Committee Would Raise Federal LSC Funding to $440 Million, but Lift Only the "Attorneys' Fees Restriction," Despite Obama Recommendation to Also Lift Private Money Restriction and Class Action Restriction; Issue Now Moves to Senate5. Increased Court Fees in Civil Proceedings are Expected to Fill Gaping Hole in Legal Aid Budgets in Connecticut, Preventing Further Layoffs; Now Await Governor's Approval6. People Needing Lawyers in High-Stakes Cases are One Step Closer to a Civil Right to Counsel as Bill to Create Pilot Programs Clears California Assembly and Moves to Senate7. Lawyer at Maryland Legal Aid Bureau Writes Book, "Legal Aid Wealth: Surviving and Thriving on the Salary of a Public Interest Attorney;" Dedicates Proceeds to Loan Repayment Scholarships for Public Interest AttorneysTHIS WEEK'S STORIESFEATURE STORY1. Four Years Later, Katrina & Rita Victims Can Buy Their Temporary FEMA Trailers for $1, or Obtain Vouchers for Rental or Public Housing, as FEMA Ends Emergency ProgramKate Linthicum, "Hurricane Victims Get Chance to Buy Trailers for as Little as $1," Los Angeles Times, June 4, 2009Los Angeles Times reports: "The Federal Emergency Management Agency said Wednesday [June 3, 2009] that it would allow hurricane victims on the Gulf Coast still living in government-supplied trailers to buy their temporary homes for as little as $1. The government will also provide $50 million to help other trailer residents, whose homes were destroyed by hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, move into rental or public housing. The assistance comes just days after the official start of the 2009 hurricane season and one month after FEMA announced that it was ending the temporary housing program it started in the aftermath of Katrina. The more than 3,400 people still living in FEMA trailers in Louisiana and Mississippi had faced eviction. 'We were going to have another homeless crisis on our hands,' said Laura Tuggle of [LSC-funded] Southeast Louisiana Legal Services, a free legal aid program in New Orleans. 'The fear among people was that one day they were going to come back to the trailer they had been living in and it would just be gone. There was so much anxiety. People worried they would have to buys tents.' The sale of the trailers will end the most expensive emergency housing program in FEMA's history. The agency provided more than 143,000 households with temporary housing units, mostly mobile homes and trailers, after the two major hurricanes. FEMA typically provides emergency housing for no longer than 18 months, but officials repeatedly extended the deadline. May 1 was the final deadline to vacate, but many people did not leave. Housing advocates agree that the assistance will help in the short term but are divided over its long-term merits. While Tuggle called it 'a huge step in the right direction,' Reilly Morse, senior attorney with the Mississippi Center for Justice, said he would prefer to see more permanent housing solutions. 'Both of these measures sound like they're just buying time,' Morse said."LEGAL SERVICES ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS*Government Benefits*2. Class Action Settlement, Approved by Court, Should End "Chronic Delays" in Provision of Medicaid and Food Stamps in Suffolk County (NY)Michael Amon, "Suffolk Pledges to Get Medicaid, Food Stamps Out Faster," Newsday, May 12, 2009Newsday states: "For the roughly 60,000 Suffolk residents who apply annually for Medicaid and food stamps - a number expected to grow during the recession - government help may arrive faster this year. Under a court order expected to be signed next month, the Suffolk Department of Social Services - long ranked as one of the slowest in the state to approve public assistance - has pledged to get benefits out more quickly and will have its efforts monitored by advocacy groups. The agreement settles a federal class-action lawsuit brought last August by the Empire Justice Center in Central Islip and the National Center for Law and Economic Justice. The suit accused Suffolk of chronic delays that held up benefits for more than twice as long as legally allowed. Suffolk officials, who denied legal liability, attributed delays to prior staff shortages and an increasing flood of applicants . . . . In 2003, it took 90 days to approve or deny an adult's Medicaid application, twice as long as the law allows, officials said. Last year, it was down to 63, this year to about 50 . . . . In Suffolk, the settlement is expected to help people like Tina, 41, an Islip mother who waited three months for her Medicaid and food stamp benefits last year while she was pregnant. Medicaid for pregnant women and children must be approved or denied in 30 days under federal law . . . . Laura Redman, a staff attorney for the National Center for Law and Economic Justice, said the settlement was similar to others in the past two years with social services agencies in New York City, Erie County, N.Y., Arizona and Colorado."Judge Bianco approved the settlement after a fairness hearing on June 8, 2009.*Housing*3. Foreclosures Harm Minorities, Three Lenders Responsible in 47% of Evictions & Steps Needed to Protect Tenants, Says Report by LSC-Funded Rhode Island Legal ServicesKevin Shalvey, "Report: Foreclosures Lead to Evictions," Providence Business News (RI), June 10, 2009Providence Business News states: "A report released yesterday [June 9, 2009] says that financial institutions who had foreclosed on properties in Rhode Island last year evicted 2,338 tenants, with the highest amount, 1,166 evictions, in Providence. Authored by Steve Fischback, an attorney with [LSC-funded] Rhode Island Legal Services, "Move Out Rhode Island - An Analysis of 2008 Foreclosure Related Evictions" is a collection of data showing where evictions took place and which lenders filed for the evictions. The three lenders with the most evictions made up 47 percent of all evictions. Deutsche Bank evicted 460 tenants; U.S. Bank evicted 382 tenants and Wells Fargo evicted 262 tenants, according to the report. The report notes that there were 3,479 reported foreclosures in Rhode Island in 2008. Rosalina Collazo, who organized the Rhode Island Bank Tenant & Homeowner Association, said in a statement that the report makes clear that there need to be legislative steps taken to protect tenants. 'It has become painfully clear that the banks are not going to operate in good faith,' she said. 'Therefore, we need the General Assembly to step in and protect the citizens of Rhode Island.'"The report also found: "Over two thirds (68% of all foreclosures related to evictions involved properties located in census block groups whose minority population was greater than 20% according to 2000 US Census data. About half (51%) of all foreclosure related evictions involved properties located in census block groups whose minority population was greater than 50%. In 2000, minorities comprised 18.1% of Rhode Island's population."LEGAL SERVICES STRUCTURE*Beltway Bulletin*4. House Appropriations Committee Would Raise Federal LSC Funding to $440 Million, but Lift Only the "Attorneys' Fees Restriction," Despite Obama Recommendation to Also Lift Private Money Restriction and Class Action Restriction; Issue Now Moves to SenateOn June 4, 2009, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (CJS), which has jurisdiction over funding for LSC, considered its annual appropriations bill. The bill, which was passed out of the Subcommittee the same day, raised LSC's total funding level to $440 million, up from $390 million in FY 2009, a 12.8% increase.Authored by the Chair of the CJS Subcommittee, Representative Alan Mollohan (WV), the bill also removes the restriction that currently prohibits LSC grantees from using LSC funds to seek attorneys' fee awards -- a limitation that had been included as a rider to the LSC appropriation every year since 1996. The bill does not lift any of the other LSC funding restrictions.The full bill passed the full House Appropriations Committee on June 9, 2009, with no changes to the LSC provisions, and now awaits passage by the full House.The bill's call for increased funding is a greatly welcomed boost, especially because the economic downturn has substantially increased legal need while reducing the availability of other legal services funding. However, the bill does not lift other LSC restrictions, specifically, it does not lift the restriction on non-LSC funds, and it does not lift the restriction on class actions. Pres. Obama's detailed budget had called for removal of these two additional restrictions.In the Senate, the CJS Appropriations Subcommittee has yet to produce an FY 2010 appropriation bill, but is expected to turn to this now. The CJS Subcommittee is free to draft its own bill, and could do so along the lines of the President's budget. Senator Barbara Mikulski (MD) chairs the Senate's CJS Subcommittee.Once both the House and Senate have passed their respective CJS bills, differences between the two versions will likely be addressed and reconciled by a conference committee.*Funding*5. Increased Court Fees in Civil Proceedings are Expected to Fill Gaping Hole in Legal Aid Budgets in Connecticut, Preventing Further Layoffs; Now Await Governor's ApprovalChristian Nolan, "Higher Filing Fees Would Benefit Legal Aid," Connecticut Law Tribune, June 8, 2009Connecticut Law Tribune writes: "Connecticut attorneys won't have to pay a higher occupational tax, but the legislature has approved a measure that would increase many court filing fees by $55 to $75. The annual proceeds - estimated at $7.7 million - would go to the state's legal aid agencies, which are mired in a fiscal crisis. Their main funding source - proceeds from Interest on Lawyers Trust Accounts, or IOLTA - has all but dried up due to low interest rates and the poor housing market. Advocates for the 'big three' legal aid [agencies] - [LSC-funded] Connecticut Legal Services, Greater Hartford Legal Aid and New Haven Legal Assistance Association - lobbied lawmakers for help. Their efforts were rewarded, and the bill that would raise fees and give the revenues to financial aid awaits the signature of Gov. M. Jodi Rell. 'If this gets approved, we would not have any further layoffs,' said CLS Executive Director Steven Eppler-Epstein. 'I just think this an example of how, in a really tough year, the legislature can work creatively and in a bipartisan way to solve problems. It certainly means a lot to us' . . . . So the new money will come from higher filing fees that many lawyers acknowledge will be passed along to clients in the form of higher legal bills. If the bill becomes law, the jury fee in civil actions would rise from $350 to $425; the filing fee for a Superior Court case would increase from $225 to 300; the designation of a case as complex litigation would go from $250 to $325; and an application for a pre-judgment remedy will rise from $100 to $175 . . . . Fees for small claims and housing cases would not change."The fee increases would not affect indigent litigants, as the state already waives fees for those who cannot afford to pay.CIVIL GIDEON6. People Needing Lawyers in High-Stakes Cases are One Step Closer to a Civil Right to Counsel as Bill to Create Pilot Programs Clears California Assembly and Moves to SenateMatthew Pordum, "Right to Counsel Bill Clears the State Assembly," The Daily Journal (CA), June 8, 2009The Daily Journal reports: "The Assembly passed a bill on Friday [June 5, 2009] that would make California the first state in the nation to establish a right to counsel for low-income people in critical human-needs civil cases. The bill, AB 590, introduced by Assemblyman Mike Feuer, D-Los Angeles, passed on a vote of 50-29, and would provide a legal voice for those in the state that can't afford an attorney. It would be funded through an increase in court fees. The program would seek to provide counsel to low-income people in cases where basic human needs, such as shelter, sustenance, safety, health or child custody are at stake. According to National Center for State Courts, more than 4.3 million Californians represent themselves in civil court proceedings, largely because they cannot afford a lawyer. 'I have seen first hand how having a lawyer can make a difference in cases involving critical matters,' said Feuer, who for eight years ran the non-profit legal center Bet Tzedek, which provides free legal representation to low income people, the elderly and the disabled. 'I saw the opportunity to bring this legislation and I feel strongly it will make a difference for the people in this state that right now need help the most.' Specifically the bill would require the Judicial Council to establish one or more pilot programs in selected courts across the state for three-year periods. Funding for the program will be secured through a $10 increase on certain fees for court services, including issuing a writ for enforcement of an order or judgment, issuing an order of sale, and filing and entering an award under the Workers' Compensation Law. Currently the fees for these services range between $15 and $20 . . . . The right to counsel bill was passed on the last day for bills to be passed out of the house of origin. It is now headed to the Senate Judiciary Committee."ANNOUNCEMENTS7. Lawyer at Maryland Legal Aid Bureau Writes Book, "Legal Aid Wealth: Surviving and Thriving on the Salary of a Public Interest Attorney;" Dedicates Proceeds to Loan Repayment Scholarships for Public Interest AttorneysCaryn Tamber, "All the Lifestyle that Legal Aid Wages Can Buy," The Daily Record (MD), June 5, 2009The Daily Record writes: "When Janine A. Scott started at the [LSC-funded] Legal Aid Bureau more than 10 years ago, her salary was $28,000 a year. She soon discovered that she loved the work, but the money was a sticking point. How could she have the kind of life she wanted on such a paltry salary? 'I wanted to stay, and so I became motivated to make the salary work within what my expenses are,' said Scott, 38, who is now the supervising attorney for the domestic law unit at Legal Aid. Scott, who briefly worked as an accountant before going to law school, sat down and made a list of all of her financial goals. There were a lot of them: She wanted to pay down her law school and credit card debt, buy a house and travel once a year . . . . She looked at her going-out spending habits and determined that she should create a 'fun account' and keep it at $250 at all times . . . . Scott said she has achieved her goals by meticulously charting every bit of money that comes in and goes out. She waits for sales on clothing and discount deals on travel, and she would not dream of buying snacks from a vending machine when she could get them in bulk from Target or Wal-Mart for so much less . . . . Scott said that a few years ago, co-workers started asking her how she had managed to afford her comfortable life on a modest salary. That's when she decided to write a book on doing well on a do-gooder's salary. The book, which she self-published and plans to market at conferences and bar events, is called 'Legal Aid Wealth: Surviving and Thriving on the Salary of a Public Interest Attorney.' It came out last month."Scott says: "My goal in writing this book is to encourage law students and lawyers to work in the area of public interest law by showing how I managed my modest salary to achieve financial success. I plan on using a portion of the profits from the book to create student loan repayment scholarships for public interest attorneys."To learn more about Scott and her book, visit her website at www.legalaidwealth.com.-------------------------------------------------------------ABA Manual on Sale -- "Innovative Fundraising Ideas for Legal Services" (2004) - $1The ABA is seeking to reduce excess inventory of this comprehensive fundraising manual. The price for the publication is temporarily reduced to $1, plus shipping and handling. The manual provides information on 30 initiatives for developing funding to support the delivery of civil legal services to the poor. It offers a user-friendly overview of each fundraising strategy, examples of successful implementation, and the names of individuals who can be contacted to further discuss each initiative described. This was produced by the ABA Project to Expand Resources for Legal Services in 2004; the techniques and strategies described remain current, though some of the contact information for local sources may be dated.To purchase this book, go to:http://www.abanet.org/abastore/index.cfm?section=main&fm=Product.AddToCart&pid=4190012----------------------------------------------------------------The Legal Services E-lert is produced by Emily Savner and edited by Laura Abel and David Udell. Because the E-lert collects stories reported by others, the views presented are not necessarily those of the Brennan Center.The majority of the text presented in the E-lert is drawn verbatim from original news sources. The bolded headlines are produced by the Brennan Center. Whenever possible, we provide a link to the full text of the original article.You can sign up to receive the E-lert and examine archived copies of previous E-lerts at: http://www.brennancenter.org/content/resources/elerts_legalservices/.If you would like to provide the E-lert with information about your work or clippings from your local paper, please contact Emily Savner at emily.savner@nyu.edu or 212-998-6288.You can obtain information about civil legal services for low-income people or about the Brennan Center at: www.brennancenter.org.EFFector Vol. 22, No. 18 June 12, 2009 editor@eff.orgA Publication of the Electronic Frontier FoundationISSN 1062-9424: . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . :In our 512th issue:* EFF HAS CHALLENGED GOVERNMENT'S "BACK DOOR WIRETAP,"urging the 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to hold thatthe government's seizure of defendant Stephen Warshak'semail without a warrant violated the Fourth Amendment andfederal privacy statutes, as well as the JusticeDepartment's own surveillance manual. The governmentaccomplished this "back door wiretap" by illegally orderingWarshak's email provider to prospectively "preserve" copiesof his future emails, a misuse the Stored CommunicationsAct, which is only supposed to be used for obtaining emailsalready in storage with a provider.In an amicus brief filed earlier this week, EFF argues thatthe government's seizure violated federal privacy laws andWarshak's Fourth Amendment expectation of privacy in hisemail. As a result, the illegally seized emails should havebeen suppressed by the district court where Warshak wastried. All told, the government acquired over 27,000 emailsspanning over six months from Warshak's email provider, allwithout probable cause.For the full press release:http://www.eff.org/press/archives/2009/06/11: . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . :EFF Updates* France Declares Three Strikes UnconstitutionalThe Conseil Constitutionnel has declared the most importantparts of HADOPI unconstitutional and invalidated thelegislation's authority to issue termination orders toISPs.http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/three-strikes-dead-in-france* China's Spy in the HomeThe Chinese Ministry of Industry and IT's announcement thatall PCs sold in China must include government-approvedfiltering software is a profoundly worrying development foronline privacy and free speech in that country.http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/chinas-spy-home* Google Book Search Settlement: Foster CompetitionWhat would create an eBook marketplace with an opportunityfor real competition? Escrow the scans.http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/should-google-have-s* Cookies CrumblingYouTube takes a small step to increase privacy ofWhitehouse.gov visitors by essentially ignoring accountcookies for videos viewed on Whitehouse.gov.http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/cookies-crumbling* EFF Comments on Child Safe Viewing ActRecently, EFF filed comments with the FCC in connectionwith the Child Safe Viewing Act of 2007, which requires theFCC to conduct a study of V-chip-like blocking technologiesthat might apply to more than just television viewingsuch as Internet access.http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/eff-comments-child-s* The Child Safe Viewing Act and Another DMCA VictimTVGuardian and companies like it are unexpected victims ofDRM and the DMCA, but the conflict between copyright lawand companies that try to edit or block "offensive"language or images in movies is nothing new.http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/child-safe-viewing-a* Hollywood Drives Us into the "Analog Sunset"The AACS licensing authority has released the "FinalAdopter Agreement" it plans to enforce against consumerelectronics companies that make BluRay players (and anyother AACS devices that come along)http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/06/hollywood-drives-us-: . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . :miniLinks~ Zotero Suit DismissedThe legal battle between the proprietary EndNote academiccitation software and the open-source Zotero software hasended.http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/3810/judge-dismisses-software-licensing-case-against-george-mason-u~ Swedish Pirate Party Gains Seat in EU ParliamentThe Pirate Party received a reported 7.1% of the votes inSwedish elections, giving the party representation at theEuropean Parliament.http://torrentfreak.com/pirate-party-wins-and-enters-the-european-parliament-090607/~ RIP: A Remix Manifesto Showing and Panel in NYCThis buzz-worthy documentary about remix and participatorycreativity is making its debut in New York City on Friday,June 19.http://www.opensourcecinema.org/remixnyc: . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . :Announcements* IT Equipment for EFF OfficesWe are looking for donations of the following new harddrives to support EFF's office operations. As thanks foryour donation, we can offer a free membership and, ofcourse, some cool swag.Requested Items:- 2 x 2TB external USB hard drives, preferably WesternDigital. Or a larger number of smaller drives with the sameinterface.- PATA IDE hard drives, 20GB or largerPlease contact stu@eff.org if you can help!* EFF at RoboGames in San FranciscoSee EFF this weekend at the 2009 International RoboGames atFt. Mason's Festival Pavilion in San Francisco! Stop by andsay hello!Booth Hours:Friday, June 12: 12 PM - 6 PMSaturday, June 13: 2 PM - 6 PMSunday, June 14: 12 PM - 6 PMFor more information:http://robogames.net* Help EFF Go to DEFCON!EFF is looking for donations of airline tickets and hotelpoints for the DEFCON hacking conference, as well as otherconferences and speaking engagements. If you have enoughairline miles for a free ticket and would like to send anEFF staffer to a conference, let us know, and we will helpyou with the process of making the reservation. Please notethat at this time we are unable to combine miles frommultiple individuals. We are also looking for hotelrewards points to help reduce our overall travel costs.As a thanks for your donation, we can offer a freemembership and a mention in EFFector (if you'd like).Please contact aaron@eff.org if you can help!* Nominate a Pioneer for EFF's 2009 Pioneer Awards!EFF established the Pioneer Awards to recognize leaders onthe electronic frontier who are extending freedom andinnovation in the realm of information technology. This isyour opportunity to nominate a deserving individual orgroup to receive a Pioneer Award for 2009. TheInternational Pioneer Awards nominations are open both toindividuals and organizations from any country.Nominations are reviewed by a panel of judges chosen fortheir knowledge of the technical, legal, and social issuesassociated with information technology.How to Nominate Someone for a 2009 Pioneer Award:You may send as many nominations as you wish, but pleaseuse one email per nomination. Please submit your entriesvia email to pioneer@eff.org. We will accept nominationsuntil July 15, 2009.Simply tell us:1. The name of the nominee,2. The phone number, email address or website by which thenominee can be reached, and, most importantly,3. Why you feel the nominee deserves the award.Nominee Criteria:There are no specific categories for the EFF PioneerAwards, but the following guidelines apply:1. The nominees must have contributed substantially to thehealth, growth, accessibility, or freedom of computer-basedcommunications.2. To be valid, all nominations must contain your reason,however brief, for nominating the individual ororganization and a means of contacting the nominee. Inaddition, while anonymous nominations will be accepted,ideally we'd like to contact the nominating parties in casewe need further information.3. The contribution may be technical, social, economic, orcultural.4. Nominations may be of individuals, systems, ororganizations in the private or public sectors.5. Nominations are open to all (other than current membersof EFF's staff and operating board or this year's awardjudges), and you may nominate more than one recipient. Youmay also nominate yourself or your organization.6. Persons or representatives of organizations receiving anEFF Pioneer Award will be invited to attend the ceremony atEFF's expense.More on the EFF Pioneer Awards:http://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/* Intern Opportunity!EFF is looking for a summer intern to help in ourdevelopment and media departments. This is an unpaid,full-time position.Projects will include:-Working on our annual report and contacting major donorsand foundations (40% of time);-Assisting with membership fulfillment and bulk mailing(40% of time); and-Identifying and organizing press clippings (20% of time).Excellent writing and editing skills, strong organizationalabilities, and the capacity to take instruction and runwith it is a must. Interest in development and/or publicrelations as a career is a plus, as is knowledge andfamiliarity with EFF's issues.To apply, please send a cover letter, resume, and writingsample to: alyssa@eff.org* Volunteer at EFF!EFF is looking for volunteers to assist with operations inour membership department. If you're quick, organized,detail-oriented, and looking for a hands-on way to supportEFF, contact us today!Duties include:* Membership fulfillment* Organizing premiums* Print mailing* Event assistanceLearn about fundraising operations in the nonprofit worldwhile supporting your favorite organization in a tangibleway! Interest in grassroots fundraising is a plus, as isknowledge and familiarity with EFF's issues. Send a letterof interest to aaron@eff.org: . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . : . :AdministriviaEFFector is published by:The Electronic Frontier Foundationhttp://www.eff.org/aboutEditor:Sara Bassett, Membership Services Assistantsara@eff.orgMembership & donation queries:membership@eff.orgTo support EFF:http://links.eff.org/emaildonateGeneral EFF, legal, policy, or online resources queries:information@eff.orgBack issues of EFFector are available at:http://www.eff.org/effector/To change your email address:http://action.eff.org/addresschangeReproduction of this publication in electronic media isencouraged. This newsletter is printed on 100% recycledelectrons.EFF appreciates your support and respects your privacy.http://www.eff.org/policyUnsubscribe from future mailings or change your email preferences.http://action.eff.org/site/CO?i=hhJrlemngcd32YQwBNMa6Kj1EwREem29&cid=1041Order FormHome Link About Us Link News Center Link Back Issues Support Microwave News Link EMF/EMR Meters Link EMF/EMR Web Directory Link E-mail Alerts Link Contact Us LinkMicrowave NewsWWWsupport microwave newsWe regularly update our EMF/EMR Web Directory. If you have any corrections or would like to be included, please let us know. Sent us an an e-mail.This EMF-EMR Web Directory lists more than 250 key sites. If you would like to be listed, please send an e-mail request to:info@microwavenews.comU.S.Federal Agencies# DOE Office of Environment, Safety and Health# EPA Office of Air & Radiation# FCC Office of Engineering and Technology# FCC Wireless Telecommunications Bureau# FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)# FDA Cell Phone Facts (Joint FCC-FDA consumer information Web site)# National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)# National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (see also "NIEHS EMF RAPID Program" below)# National Toxicology Program (NTP)# National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)State and Local Agencies# California EMF Program# Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health Radiation Control Program# Minnesota Dept. of Health (page on cell phones)# New Jersey Dept. of Environmental ProtectionRadiation Protection Program (page on non-ionizing radiation)Quasi-Governmental Groups# National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC)# National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)Non-Governmental Groups# Canyon Area Residents for the Environment (on Lookout Mountain, Colorado, antenna farm)# Cellular Tower Coalition# Communications Workers of America# Electrical Pollution (Dirty Power)# EMR Network# EMR Policy Institute# Institute for Inquiry# Midwest Rural Energy Council# Power Line Task Force# SNAFU (San Francisco Neighborhood Antenna-Free Union)InternationalInternational# International Commission for Electromagnetic Safety (ICEMS)# International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)# International Conference on Large High-Voltage Electric Systems (CIGRE)# International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)# World Health Organization (WHO) International EMF ProjectEurope# EMF-NET# European Bioelectromagnetics Association (EBEA)# European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization# European Cooperation on Scientific and Technical Research: Potential Health Implications from Mobile Communications Systems (COST281).# Nordic Society for Radiation ProtectionAustralia# Australian Centre for RF Bioeffects Research# Australian Communications and Media Authority# Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA)# Australian Radiation Lab: Non-Ionizing Radiation Section## Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA)# EMFacts Consultancy (Don Maisch)# EMR Australia# EMR Safety Network# Energy Supply Association of Australia (ESSA)Austria# Diagnose-Funk# Forum Mobilkommunikation# Platform for Mobile Telecom InitiativesBelgium# Belgian BioElectroMagnetic Group (BBEMG)# Center for Research & Information on Electromagnetic Radiation (riirem)Canada# Canadian Electricity Association (CEA)# Canadian Radiation Protection Association (CRPA)# Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association (CWTA)# RF.com: Wireless Communications and Health (formerly, the Wireless Information Research Centre)# Rule of Law Defenders: Dedicated to Exposing Electromagnetic Torture in Canada# Stop Cell Towers# WEEP: Canadian Initiative To Stop Wireless, Electric and Electromagnetic PollutionChina# Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceDenmark# Danish Association of Electrosensitives# Danish Mobile Phone Research Program# Danish RF Research ProgramFinland# HERMO: Health Risk Assessment of Mobile Communications (research program)# Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK)# STUK's Dariusz Leszczynski's Blog: "Between a Rock and a Hard Place"France# Association Française Opérateurs Mobiles# CRIIREM (Centre de Recherche et d'Information Indépendantes sur les Rayonnements ElectroMagnétiques)# Fondation Santé et Radiofréquences# France Nature Environnement: EMF# Mobilou.info (Phil Marso)# Next-Up# Robin des Toits# PRIARTeMGermany# Bürgerwelle (Citizens' Band)# Kompetenzinitiative (Competence Initiative for the Protection of Humanity, Environment and Democracy)# Der Mast Muss Weg (The Mast Must Go)# Diagnose-Funk# Elektrosmog Info# Elektrosmognews# Elektrosmog Report# Federal Radiation Protection Office (BfS)# German Mobile Telecommunication Research Programme (DMF)# hese Project# Informationszentrum Mobilfunk (IZMF)# Research Association for Radio Applications (FGF)# Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu, Aachen University)# Radiation Protection Commission (SSK)# Working Group for the ElectrosensitiveIceland# Valdemar Gisli Valdemarsson (EMF page in Icelandic)Italy# Association for Environmental and Chronic Toxic Injury (AMICA)# Association for the Prevention of and Fight Against Electrosmog# Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (National Research Council)# Elettra2000# Insititute of Health: EMFs# Italian Association of the Electrically SensitiveJapan# Electronic Industries Association of Japan# Japan Electronic Industry Development AssociationKorea# Korean EMF PagesMalaysia# RF Radiation Website of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia CommissionThe Netherlands# Health Council of the Netherlands# Electromagnetic Fields and Health Research (at the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development --ZonMw)# National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RF page)# Stop UMTSNew Zealand# Ban the Tower# National Radiation LaboratoryNorway# Norwegian Association for the Electro-Hypersensitive# Norwegian Radiation Protection AuthorityPortugal# No Antennas HereSouth Africa# EM WatchSpain# Campaign: Stop the HT LineSweden# National Institute for Working Life ( (closed on July 1, 2007)# Swedish Association for the Electrosensitive (FEB)# Swedish Council for Work Life Research# Swedish Mobile Telecommunications Association# Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (formerly the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority, SSI)# TCO DevelopmentSwitzerland# Diagnose-Funk# Federal Environment Agency "Electrosmog" page# Federal Office of Communications Telecom Antenna Database# Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS)# Gigaherz# Institute for Electromagnetic Fields and Terahertz Electronics: Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology Group# Swiss Research Foundation on Mobile Communication# Zurich Telecom Antenna DatabaseTurkey# Gazi Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection CenterUnited Kingdom# Electric Forester Investigations Ltd. UK (EMF surveys)# ElectroSensitivity UK# EMF Home and Environment Survey# Health Protection Agency (formerly the National Radiological Protection Board)# hese Project in the UK# Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones# Mast Action UK: National Campaign for the Sensible Siting of Masts# Mast Sanity# Mast Victims# MCL (formerly Microwave Consultants Ltd.)# Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research Programme (MTHR)# Powerwatch# Radiocommunications Agency Database of Mobile Phone Base Stations# Radiation Research Trust# REVOLT (Rural England Fighting Overhead Line Transmission)# TETRAWatch# Safe Wi-Fi in SchoolsCitizens and Interest Groups# Associated Bioelectromagnetics Technologists# Ban the Tower (New Zealand)# Bürgerwelle (Germany)# Canyon Area Residents for the Environment (on Lookout Mountain, Colorado, antenna farm)# Cellular Tower Coalition# Cloutnow: Coalition for Local Oversight of Utility Technologies# Coalition for the Regulation of Antenna Siting# Communications Workers of America# Electrical Pollution (Dirty Power)# EMR Network# EMR Policy Institute# EM Watch (South Africa)# Institute for Inquiry# International Coalition for an Electromagnetic Safe Planet (IC-ESP)# Mast Action UK: National Campaign for the Sensible Siting of Masts# Mast Sanity (U.K.)# Mast Victims (U.K.)# Mind Control Forum# Diagnose-Funk (Austria, Germany & Switzerland)# Next-Up (France)# No Antennas Here (Portugal)# Power Line Task Force# Powerwatch (U.K.)# PRIARTeM (France)# Radiation Research Trust (U.K.)# Robin des Toits (France)# REVOLT (Rural England Fighting Overhead Line Transmission) (U.K.)# Safe Wi-Fi in Schools# SNAFU (San Francisco Neighborhood Antenna-Free Union)# Stop Cell Towers (Canada)# TETRAWatch (U.K.)# WEEP: Canadian Initiative To Stop Wireless, Electric and Electromagnetic Pollution#Commercial Products# EnviroHolistic Consultancy ("dirty power" products, Australia)# Better Electromagnetic Environment (products for the electrosensitive)# EMR Australia# Exradia# Less EMF# Magnetic Shield Corp.# Microshield Industries# Technology Alternatives Corp.#Consultants# Amuneal Manufacturing Corp.# Charles Keen EMF Services# Electric Forester Investigations Ltd. UK# EMR Australia# Enertech Consultants# Environmental Testing & Technology, Inc. (ET&T)# Ergonomics, Inc.# MCL Technology Ltd. (U.K.)# Safe Living Technologies, Inc.# Sage Associates# Richard Tell Associates, Inc.# VitaTech Engineering, LLCElectromagnetic Weapons# Rule of Law Defenders: Dedicated to Exposing Electromagnetic Torture in CanadaElectrosensitive Associations# Danish Association of Electrosensitives# ElectroSensitivity UK# ElectroSensitivity.org: Troy Knight's Site# Electrosensitivity Support# Association for Environmental and Chronic Toxic Injury (AMICA)# Italian Association of the Electrically Sensitive# Norwegian Association for the Electro-Hypersensitive# Swedish Association for the Electrosensitive (FEB)Meters# Aaronia (Germany)# Aaronia (USA)# Alpha Lab Inc.# EMC Test Design# Enertech Consultants# EnviroMentor# Ergonomics Inc# ETS-Lindgren (formerly Holaday Industries Inc.)# Integrity Design & Research Corp.# Magnetic Sciences# Safe Living Technologies Inc.# Technology Alternatives Corp.# Walker Scientific Inc.#Mobile Phone & Tower Resources# Cell Phone Facts (Joint FCC-FDA Web site; includes link to FCC SAR database)# SAR Values# Swiss Federal Office of Communications Telecom Antenna Database# U.S. Antenna Locations# Zurich Telecom Antenna Database# U.K. Radiocommunications Agency Database of Mobile Phone Base StationsNews Sources (Internet)# EMF Omega News# Next-Up NewsPersonal Sites and Blogs# A Likely Death by Radiation (Mary Tiffee Jasso's site on RF exposure in a forest look-out tower)# Robert Bedard (California EMF activist)# Between a Rock and a Hard Place (STUK's Dariusz Leszczynski's Blog)# EMFDamage.com (One woman's story about CLL and EMFs)# Electric Forester# ElectroSensitivity.org (Troy Knight)# Hallberg Independent Research# International Coalition for an Electromagnetic Safe Planet (Paul Doyon's Blog)# Andrew Marino (Louisiana State University Medical Center)# Motorcyclecancer.com (Randall Dale Chipkar)# John Moulder (Medical College of Wisconsin) has discontinued his FAQs on power-line EMFs and cell phone base stations# Safe Wireless Initiative (George Carlo)# Silent Fields: The Growing Cancer Cluster Story (Australia's Donna Fisher's August 2008 book on "dirty electricity")# Stop.radiation.com (Enrico Grani, brain tumor victim)# Valdemar Gisli Valdemarsson (EMF page in Icelandic)# Wireless Watch (David Morrison's Blog)Professional Societies & Trade Associations# American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)# American National Standards Institute (ANSI)# American Public Power Association (APPA)# Bakken Library and Museum# Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS)# Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association (CTIA)# Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD)# Edison Electric Institute (EEI)# Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)# Electronic Industries Alliance# Health Physics Society# Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)# IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR)# National Association of Broadcasters (NAB)# National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)# National Association of State Energy Officials# National Association of Telecom. Officers & Advisors# National Association of Tower Erectors# National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)# National Electromagnetic Field Testing Association (NEFTA)# National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)# Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA)# Radiological Society of North America# Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)# Western Energy InstitutePublications/Journals# Bioelectromagnetics# Compliance Engineering# Conformity# EMR and Health# Health Physics# International Journal of Radiation Biology# Microwave Journal# Microwave News# Radiation and Environmental Biophysics# Radiation Protection Dosimetry# Radiation Research# RCR Wireless News (publication suspended, March 2009)# Transmission & Distribution World# Wireless Week#Research Groups# Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province (China)# Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS-Switzerland)# Institute for Electromagnetic Fields and Terahertz Electronics: Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology Group# University of Oklahoma Center for the Study of Wireless EM Compatibility# University of Western Australia: Biomagnetics Group#ResourcesBioInitiative Report# A Rationale for a Biologically-Based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Fields (ELF and RF)Brooks Air Force Base (U.S. Air Force)# Technical Reports (site inactive)Dosimetry# International EMF Dosimetry HandbookEMF Bionet Newsgroup# ArchiveNational Academy of Sciences# EMF Research Activities Completed Under the Energy Policy Act of 1992: Interim Report, 1995# Report on Possible Health Effects of Exposure Residential EMFs (Released 1996)# Evaluation of the U.S. Navy's ELF Submarine Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program (Released 1997)NIEHS EMF RAPID Program# NIEHS: EMF RAPID# Measurements Database# Progress Report December 1995# NIEHS Report to Congress on EMF# NIEHS EMF Working Group Report (Removed from NIEHS Web site)# Research Information# Science Review Symposium: Theoretical Mechanisms and In Vitro Research Findings# Science Review Symposium: Epidemiological ResearchFindings# Science Review Symposium: In Vivo Laboratory FindingsNIOSH# EMF Fact SheetStrayVoltage.org# La Crosse, WI, site on stray voltageElectric Utilities# American Electric Power# Aquila# Arizona Public Service# Baltimore Gas & Electric# Bonneville Power Administration# British Columbia Hydro# Central Maine Power# Cinergy# Consolidated Edison# Conectiv Power# Consumers Energy# Detroit Edison# Dominion Power# Duke Energy# Duquesne Electric Power# Entergy# Exelon Corp. (formerly Commonwealth Edison and PECO Energy)# First Energy Corp.# Green Mountain Power# Hawaiian Electric Industries# Hydro Quebec# Illinois Power# Indianapolis Power & Light# Kansai Electric Power (Japan)# Kansas City Power & Light# LG&E Energy# Long Island Power Authority# Maine Public Service# Minnesota Power# National Grid Co. (U.K.)# New York Power Authority# New York State Electric & Gas# Northeast Utilities# NorthWestern Energy# NSTAR (Boston Edison)# Ontario Hydro Energy# Orange and Rockland Utilities# PacifiCorp# PPL Corp. (Pennsylvania Power & Light)# PSE & G# San Diego Gas & Electric# Scottish Power (U.K.)# Select Energy (formerly Niagara Mohawk)# Southern California Edison# Southern Company# Tampa Electric# Tennessee Valley Authority# TXU Electric & Gas (formery Texas Utilities)# Tokyo Electric Power (Japan)# TransAlta Utilities (Canada)# Union Electric# United Illuminating# Wisconsin Public Service# Xcel Energy (formerly Northern States Power)Wireless Companies# AT&T Wireless# BellSouth# British Telecom# Cellular One# Ericsson# France Telecom# Lucent# Motorola# Nextel# Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp.# Nokia# Nortel Networks# Orange (U.K.)# Qwest# Samsung# Siemens# Sony Ericsson# Sprint# Telecom New Zealand# Teledesic# Telstra# T-Mobile (Deutsche Telekom Mobil and others)# Verizon Wireless# Vodafone# T-Mobile USA2009 Carr Center for Human Rights PolicyTraub-Dicker-HKSSummer Fellowship Program~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard Kennedy School is pleased toinform you of the successful completion of the spring semester as well as to announcesome exciting news that will undoubtedly help chart a similar course for the summer.This year, the Carr Center sponsored the Traub-Dicker-HKS Fellowships, establishedthrough a generous gift by Margaret Traub '80 and her partner Phyllis Dicker. TheTraub-Dicker-HKS Fellowship is designed to support the summer research of one ortwo Kennedy School students doing original work on policies related to lesbian,gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities. The Carr Center is pleasedto announce the selection of two Traub-Dicker-HKS Summer Fellows--Benjamin Halland Baylee DeCastro--from a highly competitive pool of qualified applicants.Both of these students bring a strong record of academic achievement and a longstandingcommitment to LGBT human rights. Mr. Hall will be researching police reform inLondon's LGBT community, and Ms. DeCastro will be researching LGBT health advocacyin San Francisco. Dr. Timothy Patrick McCarthy, Harvard Kennedy School Lecturerand Carr Center Faculty Affiliate, will advise their research.Below you will find brief biographies for Mr. Hall and Ms. DeCastro, as well astheir research goals for the summer.Best,The Carr Center~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"I am genuinely delighted to welcome Ben Hall and Baylee DeCastro as the CarrCenter's inaugural Traub-Dicker-HKS Summer Research Fellows.These two extraordinarystudents bring a rare combination of talents--intellectual heft, political acumen,and personal passion--to the study of LGBT human rights and public policy. We areall very excited to see the fruits of their important research."-- Dr. Timothy Patrick McCarthy, HarvardKennedy School Lecturer and Carr Center Faculty Affiliate~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Benjamin Hall joined the Metropolitan Police, London in 2001, and graduated as thetop student in his class in the police academy. He spent one year in uniformed responsein South London before selection into the Detective corps where he worked in investigationunits for sexual assault and domestic violence. After two years service, at theage of 23, he was selected for Specialist Operations at New Scotland Yard, wherehe has since been promoted to Detective Sergeant in the Serious Crime Command.Before attending Harvard as a Kennedy Scholar, he was educated at University College,London (BA Hons - French and Spanish), the London School of Economics and PoliticalScience (MSc - Criminal Justice Policy) and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge (MPhil- Criminological Research). Benjamin, as one of this years Traub-Dicker ResearchFellows, will engage both the gay community and law enforcement officials to assessand research how the gay community is policed and provide insightful policy proposalsto address common interests, problems and solutions.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Baylee DeCastro is a second year Master in Public Policy (MPP) student at HarvardKennedy School. As a committed public health advocate, Baylee has worked for overa decade to unlock the health system's potential to restore economic security andpromote the health of low-income and medically under served communities. Her researchfocuses on the relationship between the production of scientific knowledge and itsuse in policy formulation and implementation. As one of this years Traub-DickerResearch Fellows, her research examines the ways in which state-centered advocacyefforts toward LGBT inclusion as subjects and objects of health research influencehealth policy. Before coming to the Kennedy School, Baylee served as Policy Advisorto three large UCSF clinical, policy and research programs, where she forged successfulpartnerships with health care providers and community organizations to promote qualityaffordable health care statewide. Baylee also led a national network of women'shealth professionals as Executive Director of the Association of Academic Women'sHealth Program.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The Carr Center for Human Rights Policy is honored to offer this fellowshipthrough the gracious gift of Margaret Traub '80 and her partner Phyllis Dicker.Welook forward to working with Benjamin Hall and Baylee DeCastro as the Carr Centerexpands its commitment to LGBT human rights.Please feel free to contact the Carr Center about their fellowships and toreceive updates about their work. The Carr Center plans to publish theirresearch findings during the 2009-2010 academic year.
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All numbers begin with Area Code (202) unless otherwise noted* Office of the Attorney General (OAG)* Office of the Deputy Attorney General (ODAG)* Office of the Associate Attorney General (OASG)* Antitrust Division (ATR)* Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)* Civil Division (CIV)* Civil Rights Division (CRT)* Community Relations Service (CRS)* Criminal Division (CRM)* Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)* Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD)* Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR)* Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA)* Executive Office for United States Trustees (EOUST)* Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)* Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)* Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC)* INTERPOL-U.S. National Central Bureau* Justice Management Division (JMD)* National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)* National Security Division* Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management (OARM)* Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)* Office of Dispute Resolution (ODR)* Office of Information Policy (OIP)* Office of Intergovernmental and Public Liaison (OIPL)* Office of Justice Programs (OJP)* Office of Legal Counsel (OLC)* Office of Legal Policy (OLP)* Office of Legislative Affairs (OLA)* Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties (OPCL)* Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR)* Office of Public Affairs (PAO)* Office of the DOJ Executive Secretariat* Office of the Inspector General (OIG)* Office of the Pardon Attorney (OPA)* Office of the Solicitor General (OSG)* Office of Tribal Justice (OTJ)* Office on Violence Against Women (OVW)* Professional Responsibility Advisory Office (PRAO)* Tax Division (TAX)* United States Marshals Service (USMS)* United States Parole Commission (USPC)OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL (OAG)Attorney General, Eric Holder, 514-2001Top of PageOFFICE OF THE DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL (ODAG)Deputy Attorney General, David Ogden, 514-2101Top of PageOFFICE OF THE ASSOCIATE ATTORNEY GENERAL (OASG)Associate Attorney General, Thomas Perrelli, 514-9500Top of PageANTITRUST DIVISION (ATR)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2401Director of Operations, 514-3544Director of Criminal Enforcement, 514-3543Economics Director of Enforcement, 514-6994Top of PageBUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES (ATF)Director, 648-8700Deputy Director, 648-8710Office of Public Affairs, 648-8500Office of Legislative Affairs, 648-8510Top of PageCIVIL DIVISION (Civil)Assistant Attorney General, 514-3301Senior Counsel, 514-5421Civil Fraud, 305-2335Corporate/Financial Litigation, 514-7450Foreign Litigation, 514-7455Intellectual Property, 514-7223The National Courts, 514-7300Appellate Staff, 514-3311Federal Programs Branch Director, 514-3354Aviation & Admiralty, 616-4000Constitutional & Specialized Tort Litigation, 616-4140Environmental Tort Litigation, 616-4200Federal Tort Claims Act, 616-4400Tobacco Litigation, 616-8280Office of Immigration Litigation, 616-4852Office of Consumer Litigation, 307-3009Office of Management Programs, 514-4552Top of PageCIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION (CRT)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2151Executive Officer, 514-4224Appellate Section, 514-2195Coordination and Review Section, 307-2222Criminal Section, 514-3204Disability Rights Section, 307-2227Educational Opportunities Section, 514-4092Employment Litigation Section, 514-3831Housing and Civil Enforcement Section, 514-4713Office of Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices, Special Counsel, 616-5528Special Litigation Section, 514-6255Voting Section, 307-2767Office of Complaint Adjudication, Complaint Adjudication Officer, 514-0545Top of PageCOMMUNITY RELATIONS SERVICE (CRS)Director, 305-2935Admin. Asst. to the Director, 305-2934Associate Director, 305-2950Special Assistant to the Director, 305-3001Top of PageCRIMINAL DIVISION (CRM)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Chief of Staff, 514-2601Office of Administration, Executive Officer, 514-2641Counselor to the Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Office of Policy and Legislation, Director, 514-4193Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Office of International Affairs, Director, 514-0000International Training and Development Programs (ITDP), Chief, 305-8190International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Programs, Director, 305-8190Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development Assistance and Training (OPDAT), Director, 514-1323Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Organized Crime and Racketeering Section, Chief, 514-3594Office of Enforcement Operations, Director, 514-6809Public Integrity Section, Chief, 514-1412Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Counterterrorism Section, Chief, 514-0849Fraud Section, Chief, 514-7023Appellate Section, Chief, 514-2611Domestic Security Section, Chief, 616-5731Capital Case Unit, Chief, 353-7172Deputy Assitant Attorney General, 514-2601Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section, Chief, 514-1026Child Exploitation & Obscenity Section, Chief, 514-5780Office of Special Investigations, Director, 616-2492Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section, Chief, 514-1263Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section, Chief, 514-0917Executive Office for Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces, Director, 514-2073Deputy Chief of Staff and Senior Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General, 514-2601Sr. Counsel to the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for International Policy, 514-0020Top of PageDRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (DEA)Administrator, 307-8000Executive Assistant to the Administrator, 307-8003Deputy Administrator, 307-7345Executive Assistant to the Deputy Administrator, 307-8770Executive Policy & Strategic Planning Staff, 307-7420Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, 307-7363Congressional Affairs Section, 307-7423Public Affairs Section, 307-7977Information Services Staff, 307-7967Demand Reduction Section, 307-7936Office of Administrative Law Judges, 307-8188Office of the Chief Counsel, 307-7322Operational Law, Deputy Chief, 307-8020Litigation & Policy, Deputy Chief, 307-8020Discovery Processing Staff, 307-8113Administrative Law Section, 307-8040Civil Litigation Section, 307-8085Diversion/Registration Policy Section, 307-8010Diversion/Registration Litigation Section, 307-8010Domestic Criminal Law Section, 307-8030International Law Section, 307-8075Financial Management Division, Chief Financial Officer, 307-7330Office of Acquisition Management, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-7777Policy and Transportation Section, 307-7808Acquisition Management Section, 307-7802Office of Resource Management, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-4800Office of Finance, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-7002Financial Operations Section, 307-7082Financial Reports and Systems Section, 307-7062Inspections Division, 307-7358Office of Professional Responsibility, 307-8235Associate Deputy Chief Inspector, 307-8235Office of Inspections, Deputy Chief Inspector, 307-8200Office of Security Programs, Deputy Chief Inspector, 307-4400Operations Division, Chief of Operations, 307-7340Office of Domestic Operations, 307-7927Caribbean & South American Section, 307-8331Dangerous Drugs & Chemicals Section, 307-7490Domestic Asset Forfeiture Section, 307-7635Domestic East Section, 307-5562Domestic Forfeiture Counsel Section, 307-7636Domestic West Section, 307-4780Financial Investigations Section, 307-8396Local Impact Section, 307-8918Tactical Enforcement Section, 307-8799Office of Operations Management, 307-4200Policy and Planning Section, 307-4211Operations Budget Section, 307-4218Special Operations Division, (703) 541-6705Deputy Special Agent in Charge, (703) 541-6735Assistant Special Agent in Charge, (703) 541-6715Latin America Section, (703) 541-6780Europe/Asia Section, (703) 541-6744Money Laundering Section, (703) 541-6733Southwest Border Section A, (703) 541-6711Southwest Border Section B, (703) 541-6755Southwest Border Section C, (703) 541-6657Special Projects Section, (703) 541-6771Office of Diversion Control, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-7165Deputy Director, 307-7163Chemical Control Section, 307-7193Diversion Plan & Resource Section, 307-7197Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section, 307-7183Drug Operations Section, 307-7194Liaison and Policy Section, 307-7297Registration & Prog. Support Section, 307-4925Office of International Operations, 307-4233Deputy Chief, 307-4233Caribbean Section, 307-8331Central America Section, 307-7472Europe/Mid-East Section, 307-4252Far East Section, 307-7444Foreign Administrative Support Section, 307-7738South America Section, 307-8220Office of Aviation Operations, (817) 837-2000Intelligence Division, 307-3607Deputy Chief of Intelligence, 307-3607Office of Domestic Intelligence, 307-4294Domestic Intelligence Section A, 307-8070Domestic Intelligence Section B, 307-8796Office of International Intelligence, 307-8050International Investigative Support, 307-8431International Strategic Support, 307-8782Office of Special Intelligence, Deputy Chief, Special Intelligence, 307-3650Investigative Support Section, (703) 541-6765Operational Support Section, 307-3645Technical Support Section, 307-4872Office of Intelligence Policy & Management, Deputy Chief, 307-8748Management & Production Section, 307-7534Policy &Liaison Section, 353-9620El Paso Intelligence Center, Director, (915) 760-2011Information Management Section, (915) 760-2114Research & Analysis Section, (915) 760-2300Tactical Operations Section, (915) 760-2255Watch Operations Section, (915) 760-2221Operational Support Division, Assistant Administrator, 307-4730Office of Administration, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-7708Administrative Operations Section, 307-5631Facilities and Finance Section, 307-7792Freedom of Information/Records Management Section, 307-7711Office of Forensic Sciences, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-8866Associate Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-8868Hazardous Waste Disposal Section, 353-9644Laboratory Operations Section, 307-8880Laboratory Support Section, 307-8833Office of Investigative Technology, Deputy Assistant Administrator, (703) 495-6500Administrative Information Contact, (703) 495-6502Comm. & Polygraph Support Section, (703) 495-6520Surveillance Support Section, (703) 495-6575Telecom, Inter. & A/V Support Section, (703) 495-6550Office of Information Systems, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-7454Information Resources Management Section, 307-9883Operations & Support Section, 307-9481Special Projects Section, 307-9896Systems Applications Section, 307-1797Human Resources Division, Assistant Administrator, 307-4680Career Board, Executive Secretary, 307-7349Board of Professional Conduct, 307-8980Equal Employment Opportunity Staff, 307-8888Office of Training, Special Agent-in-Charge, (703) 632-5010Domestic Training Section 1, (703) 632-5110Domestic Training Section 2, (703) 632-5310International Training Section, (703) 632-5329Office of Personnel, Deputy Assistant Administrator, 307-4000Deputy Personnel Officer, 307-4177Management & Employee Services Section, 307-4004Recruitment and Placement Section, 307-4055Top of PageENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION (ENRD)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2701Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 514-3370Executive Officer, 616-3147Top of PageEXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW (EOIR)Director, 703 305-0169Deputy Director, 703 305-0169Associate Director/Chief of Staff, 703 305-0169Executive Secretariat, 703 305-0169Assistant Director/General Counsel, 703 305-0470Administration, Assistant Director, 703 305-1171Management Programs, Assistant Director, 703 305-0289Office of Legislative and Public Affairs, 703 305-0289Planning, Analysis, and Technology, Assistant Director, 703 605-0445Board of Immigration Appeals, Chairman, 703 305-1194Board of Immigration Appeals, Vice Chairman, 703 305-1194Board of Immigration Appeals, Clerk's Office, 703 605-1007Office of the Chief Immigration Judge, Chief, 703 305-1247Deputy Chief Immigration Judge, 703 305-1247Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer, Chief, 703 305-0864Deputy Chief Administrative Hearing Officer, 703 305-0864Top of PageEXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS (EOUSA)Director, 514-2121Principal Deputy Director, 514-2121Principal Associate Director, 514-4506AGAC Liaison and United States Attorney's Manual, 514-4633Senior Counsel to the Director, 616-2128Office of Tribal Justice, Director, 514-8812LECC/Victim Witness Staff, Assistant Director, 616-6792Equal Employment Office, Assistant Director, 514-3982Employee Assistance Program, 514-1036Data Analysis Staff, Assistant Director, 616-6779Evaluation and Review Staff, Assistant Director, 616-6776General Counsel, 514-4024FOIA Unit, Assistant Director FOIA and Privacy, 616-6757Legal Programs, Deputy Director, 616-6444Resource Management and Planning, Deputy Director, 616-6886Assistant Director, Execution, 616-6886Assistant Director, Formulation, 616-6886Operations, Deputy Director, 616-6600Associate Director, 616-6600Security Programs Staff, Assistant Director, 616-6878Assistant Director, Facilities Management & Support Service, 616-6425Assistant Director, Personnel Management Staff, 616-6873Chief Information Officer, 616-6973Telecommunications & Technology Development, 616-6439Office Automation Staff, 616-6969Case Management Staff, 616-6919Office of Legal Education, (National Advocacy Center), Director, (803) 544-5100Top of PageEXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR UNITED STATES TRUSTEES (EOUST)Director, 307-1391Deputy Director, 307-1391Associate Director, 307-1391General Counsel, 307-1399Top of PageFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)No information provided per FBITop of PageFEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS (BOP)1-888-317-8455 or 202-305-2500 -- General Information NumberDirector, 307-3250Administration, Assistant Director, 307-3123Community Corrections & Detention, Assistant Director, 514-8585Correctional Programs, Assistant Director, 307-3226General Counsel & Review, Assistant Director, 307-3062Health Services, Assistant Director, 307-3055Human Resource Management, Assistant Director, 307-3082Industries, Education, and Vocational Training, Assistant Director, 305-3500Information, Policy, & Public Affairs, Assistant Director, 514-6537National Institute of Corrections, Director, 307-3106 (101)Mid-Atlantic Region, Regional Director, (301) 317-3100North Central Region, Regional Director, (913) 621-3939Northeast Region, Regional Director, (215) 521-7300South Central Region, Regional Director, (214) 224-3389Southeast Region, Regional Director, (678) 686-1200Western Region, Regional Director, (925) 803-4700Top of PageFOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION (FCSC)Chairman, 616-6975Chief Counsel, 616-6975Administrative Officer, 616-6975Top of PageINTERPOL-U.S. National Central Bureau(International Criminal Police Organization)Chief, 616-9000Deputy Chief, 616-9000Information Resources Manager, 616-9000Top of PageJUSTICE MANAGEMENT DIVISION (JMD)Assistant Attorney General for Administration, 514-3101Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Controller, 514-1843Appropriation Liaison Officer, 514-1843Asset Forfeiture Management Staff, Director, 616-8000Budget Staff, Director, 514-4082Debt Collection Management, Director, 514-5343Finance Staff, Director, 616-5800Procurement Services Staff, Director, 307-2000Unified Financial Management System, Deputy Program Manager, 514-9215Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Human Resources/Administration, 514-5501Consolidated Executive Office, Director, 514-5537DOJ Executive Secretariat, Director, 514-2063Equal Employment Opportunity Staff, Director, 616-4800Facilities and Administrative Services Staff, Director, 616-2948Library Staff, Director, 514-2133Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management, Director, 514-8900Personnel Staff, Director, 532-4001Security and Emergency Planning Staff, Director, 514-2094Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Information Resources Management, 514-0507E-Government Services Staff, Director, 305-4568Enterprise Solutions Staff, Director, 305-9635IT Security Staff, Director, 514-4292Operations Services Staff, Director, 514-3404Policy and Planning Staff, Director, 514-1759Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Policy, Management and Planning, 514-3101Audit Liaison Office, Director, 514-0469Department Ethics Office, Director, 514-8196General Counsel, 514-3452Management and Planning Staff, Director, 307-1800Office of Records Management Policy, Director, 514-3528Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Director, 616-0521Senior Procurement Executive, 514-1843Procurement Policy, 616-3758Top of PageNATIONAL DRUG INTELLIGENCE CENTER (NDIC)General Inquiries, (814) 532-4601Liaison Office, (703) 556-8970Director, (814) 532-4607Deputy Director, (814) 532-4978Intelligence Division, Assistant Director, (814) 532-4036Document Exploitation Division, Assistant Director, (814) 532-4515Intelligence Support Division, Assistant Director, (814) 532-4579email: NDIC@usdoj.govTop of PageNATIONAL SECURITY DIVISIONAssistant Attorney General, 514-1057Chief of StaffDeputy Assistant Attorney General for Counterterrorism and CounterespionageActing Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Operations and Intelligence OversightDeputy Assistant Attorney General for Law and PolicyCounsel to the Assistant Attorney GeneralCounsel to the Assistant Attorney GeneralCounsel to the Assistant Attorney GeneralDeputy Chief of StaffTop of PageOFFICE OF ATTORNEY RECRUITMENT AND MANAGEMENT (OARM)General Inquiries, 514-3397 or 514-1175Director, 514-8900Deputy Director, Hiring Policies and Procedures, Discipline, 514-1101Deputy Director, Legal Recruitment, 514-8902Attorney General's Honor Program/Summer Law Intern Program, 514-8902Assistant Director, Law Student Intern/Law Student Volunteer Programs, 514-8904Assistant Director, Lateral Attorney Recruitment, 514-6429Voice-tree re legal employment programs and other OARM services (24-hour recording), 514-3396Top of PageOFFICE OF COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING SERVICES (COPS)Director, 616-2888Officer Manager, 616-2888Deputy Director for Community Policing Development, 514-5793Special Assistant, 514-5793Administrative Assistant, 514-5793Chief of Staff, 514-6363Special Assistant, 616-9418Administrative Assistant, 514-6363Deputy Director for Management, 616-8122General Counsel, 514-3750Administrative Assistant, 514-3750Assistant Director, Grants Administration, 616-3031Regional Supervisor, Grants Region 1, 616-9767Regional Supervisor, Grants Region 2, 616-3645Regional Supervisor, Grants Region 3, 616-1902Regional Supervisor, Grants Region 4, 616-2886Assistant Director, Policy Support & Evaluation, 514-2301Assistant Director, Training and Technical Assistance, 514-5786Assistant Director, Congressional Relations/Intergov/Public Liaison, 514-9079Assistant Director, Communications, 616-1728Assistant Director, Monitoring and Compliance, 616-9419Assistant Director, Administration, 305-3893DOJ Response Center (1-800-421-6770), 307-1480Top of PageOFFICE OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR)Senior Counsel, 616-9471Deputy Senior Counsel, 305-4439Top of PageOFFICE OF INFORMATION POLICY (OIP)Director, 514-3642Deputy Director, 514-3642Associate Director, 514-3642Top of PageOFFICE OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND PUBLIC LIAISON (OIPL)Director and Advisor to the Attorney General, 514-3465Deputy Director, 514-3465Associate Director, 514-3465Assistant Director, 514-3465Top of PageOFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS (OJP)Assistant Attorney General, 307-3813Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 307-6348Bureau of Justice Assistance, 616-6500Bureau of Justice Statistics, 307-0765Community Capacity Development Office, 616-1152Equal Employment Opportunity, 307-6013FOIA Requestor Service Center, 307-6235Grants Customer Service Center, 1-800-458-0786 (TTY: 616-3867)Grants Management System (GMS) Help Desk, 514-2024Human Resources, 307-0730National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Local Number (301) 519-5500National Institute of Justice, 307-2942Office for Civil Rights, 307-0623Office for Victims of Crime, 307-5983Office of Administration, 307-0087Office of Communications, 307-0703Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 307-5911Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART), 514-4689Office of the Chief Financial Officer, 307-0623Office of the Chief Information Officer, 305-9071Office of the General Counsel, 307-6235OJP Help Desk, 307-0627Top of PageOFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL (OLC)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2051Senior Counsel, 514-2027Chief of Staff, 305-9250Top of PageOFFICE OF LEGAL POLICY (OLP)Assistant Attorney General, 514-4601Special Assistant, 514-4601Senior Policy Analyst, 514-3592Top of PageOFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (OLA)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2141Special Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General, 514-1653Top of PageOFFICE OF PRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES (OPCL)Director, 514-0208General Counsel, 514-0208Senior Counsel for E-Government, 514-0208Top of PageOFFICE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (OPR)Counsel, 514-3365Deputy Counsel, 514-3365Associate Counsel, 514-3365Executive Officer, 514-3365Top of PageOFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS (PAO)Director, 616-2777Top of PageOFFICE OF THE DOJ EXECUTIVE SECRETARIATDirector, 514-2063Records Requests/Inquiries, 5l4-2063Top of PageOFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL (OIG)Inspector General, 514-3435Deputy Inspector General, 514-3435Counselor to the Inspector General, 616-0542Senior Counselor to the Inspector General, 616-0147General Counsel, 616-0644Assistant Inspector General for Oversight & Review, 616-0645Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Oversight & Review, 616-0645Associate Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Oversight & Review, 616-0645Assistant Inspector General for Audit, 616-4633Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, 616-4633Assistant Inspector General for Investigations, 616-4760Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Investigations, 616-4760Assistant Inspector General for Evaluation & Inspections, 616-4600Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Evaluation & Inspections, 353-2067Assistant Inspector General for Management & Planning, 616-4550Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Management & Planning, 616-4550Toll Free IG HOTLINE, 1-800-869-4499Top of PageOFFICE OF THE PARDON ATTORNEY (OPA)Pardon Attorney, 616-6070Deputy Pardon Attorney, 616-6070Executive Officer, 616-6070Top of PageOFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL (OSG)Solicitor General, 514-2201Deputy Principal Solicitor General, 514-2206Case Management Section, 514-2217Research and Publications Unit, 514-3914Top of PageOFFICE OF TRIBAL JUSTICE (OTJ)http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/about/phone-directory.htmDirector, 514-8812Deputy Director, 514-8812Top of Pagehttp://www.usdoj.gov/dojofficials.htm#otjOFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (OVW)Director, 307-0728Deputy Director, 307-3913Chief of Staff, 307-0466Top of PagePROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY ADVISORY OFFICE (PRAO)Director, 514-0458Top of PageTAX DIVISION (TAX)Assistant Attorney General, 514-2901Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Policy and Planning, 514-8665Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Criminal Matters, 514-2915Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Matters, 514-5109Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Review and Appellate, 514-2901Senior Legislative Counsel, 307-6419Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General, 307-6559Counsel to the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Matters, 514-6636Counsel to the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Criminal Matters, 514-5113Appellate Section, Chief, 514-3361Criminal Enforcement SectionNorthern Region, Chief, 514-0003Southern Region, Chief, 514-4334Western Region, Chief, 514-5762Criminal Appeals and Tax Enforcement Policy Section, Chief, 514-3011Civil Trial SectionCentral Region, Chief, 514-6502Eastern Region, Chief, 307-6426Northern Region, Chief, 307-6533Southern Region, Chief, 514-5905Southwestern Region, Chief, (214) 880-9725Western Region, Chief, 307-6413Court of Federal Claims Section, Chief, 307-6440Office of Review, Chief, 307-6567Executive Officer, 616-0010Top of PageUNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE (USMS)Director, Office of the Director, 307-9001Office of the Deputy Director, 307-9005Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, 307-9048Financial Services Division, Assistant Director, 307-9193Investigative Operations Division, Assistant Director, 307-9707Judicial Security Division, Assistant Director, 307-9500Prisoner Operations Division, Assistant Director, 307-5100Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (JPATS), Assistant Director, (816) 467-1900Office of the General Counsel, General Counsel, 307-9054Management Support Division, Assistant Director, 307-9011Office of Communication, Assistant Director, 307-9105Human Resources Division, Assistant Director, 307-9625Top of PageUNITED STATES PAROLE COMMISSION (USPC)Chairman, (301) 492-5917Vice Chairman, (301) 491-5917Commissioner, (301) 492-5968Phone Directory(All phone numbers have area code 202 unless otherwise indicated.)* Office of the Director* Office of Research and Evaluation* Office of Science and TechnologyOffice of the DirectorName Title PhoneKristina Rose Acting Director 307-2942Thom Feucht Executive Science Advisor 307-2949Phelan Wyrick Senior Technology Advisor (on detail) 353-9254Cheryl Crawford Watson Human Subjects Protection Compliance Officer 514-6210Joel Hunt Graduate Research Assistant 616-8111Demetrice Bess Executive Assistant to the Director 305-1627Allison Brooks Research Assistant 305-7748Yolanda Curtis Special Assistant to the Acting Director 305-2554Planning, Budget, Management and Administration DivisionDiane Hughes Chief 305-9960Portia Graham Deputy Chief (NIJ Budget Officer) 307-2964Sherran Thomas Senior R&D Procurement Specialist 616-4577Dionne Mitchell Grant Manager (Audit Liaison/ Performance Measurement) 305-9003Julian Carpentier Program Analyst 305-1710Louise Loften Grant Manager 307-2965Audrey Blankenship Grant Technician 616-3675Margaret Battle Grant Technician 616-1847Bailey Yeager Program Support Specialist (contractor) 307-3204Peg Hasker NIJ Receptionist 307-2942Dina Abercrombie Deputy Program Management (contractor) 305-2131Communications DivisionJolene Hernon Chief 307-1464Lee Mockensturm Web Content Manager 305-4220Doris Wells Writer/Editor 305-9080Nancy Ritter Writer/Editor 307-0460Philip Bulman Writer/Editor 305-0888Melissa Marmer Cohen Marketing and Dissemination Specialist (contractor) 514-2887Jen Walsh Managing Editor NIJ Journal (contractor) 307-3516Sarah Berson Communications Assistant (contractor) 305-1217International CenterEd Zedlewski Chief 307-2953Karen Stern Social Science Analyst 514-9395John Picarelli Social Science Analyst 307-3213Lisa Russell International Networking Liaison (contractor) 514-1418Office of Research and EvaluationName Title PhoneMargaret Zahn Acting Deputy Director 616-8911Angela Moore Associate Deputy Director for Research and Evaluation 307-0145Natasha Kenon Secretary 514-8036Justice Systems Research DivisionNancy Merritt Chief 305-8748Marlene Beckman Senior Program Analyst (on detail) 616-3562Laurie Bright Senior Social Science Analyst 616-3624Marie Garcia Social Science Analyst 514-7128Marilyn Moses Social Science Analyst 514-6205Linda Truitt Senior Social Science Analyst 353-9081Violence and Victimization Research DivisionBernie Auchter Acting Chief 307-0154Christine Crossland Senior Social Science Analyst 616-5166Bethany Backes Social Science Analyst 305-4419Karen Bachar Social Science Analyst 514-4403Carrie Mulford Social Science Analyst 307-2959Summer Acevedo Research Assistant 305-2049Kelly Moult Research Assistant 667-0679Jaclyn Smith Research Assistant 514-9206Crime Control and Prevention Research DivisionWinifred Reed Chief 307-2952Katharine Browning Senior Social Science Analyst 616-4786Patrick Clark Senior Social Science Analyst 353-9482Brett Chapman Social Science Analyst 514-2187Cathy Girouard Social Science Analyst 353-9244Ron Wilson Social Science Analyst 305-8711Louis Tuthill Social Science Analyst 307-1015Joshua Chanin Research Assistant 307-3019Deshonna Collier-Goubil Research Assistant 616-8140Tim Brown Research Associate (contractor) 305-9929Office of Science and TechnologyName Title PhoneJohn Morgan Deputy Director for Science and Technology 305-0995Chris Tillery Associate Deputy Director for Science and Technology 305-9829Operational Technologies DivisionMarc Caplan Chief 307-2956Dave Hart Deputy Chief 514-0993Debra Stoe Physical Scientist 616-7036Joe Cecconi General Engineer 305-7959Mike O'Shea Program Manager 305-7954Brian Montgomery Physical Scientist 353-9786Jack Harne Physical Scientist 616-2911Cassy Robinson Visiting Scientist (contractor) 305-2596Vanessa Castellanos Program Support Analyst (contractor) 353-3182Tamara Johnson Subject Matter Expert (contractor) 307-0774DiJon Jones Subject Matter Expert (contractor) 353-9752Information and Sensor Technology DivisionWilliam Ford Chief 353-9768Joseph Heaps Deputy Chief 305-1554Martin Novak Physical Scientist 616-0630Frances Scott Physical Scientist 305-9950Mike Bottner Program Operations Specialist 514-0686Tommy Sexton Senior Advisor for Law Enforcement (contractor) 514-5370Stephaine Goad Program Management Specialist (contractor) 353-3929Cheryl Reid Subject Matter Expert (contractor) 353-2602Steve Tran Program Management Specialist (contractor) 307-2113Investigative and Forensic Sciences DivisionMike Sheppo Chief 353-3756Lois A. Tully Deputy Chief 307-0694Betty Spehr Secretary (contractor) 305-9028Mark Nelson Senior Program Manager 616-1960Charles Heurich Physical Scientist 616-9264Alan Spanbauer Physical Scientist 305-2436Minh Nguyen Physical Scientist 305-2664Patricia Kashtan Program Operations Specialist 353-1856Brenda Worthington Program Operations Specialist 305-7844Mike Noblett Senior Scientst/Engineer (contractor) 353-1879Andrew Louden Scientist/Engineer (contractor) 514-5729Lauren Chapman Scientist/Engineer (contractor) 353-2541Danielle McLeod-Henning Subject Matter Expert (contractor) 353-3812Danielle Weiss Senior Forensic Analyst (contractor) 353-8631Robin Jones Senior Forensic Analyst (contractor) 353-2436Dawn Leary Forensic Analyst (contractor) 305-1164Back to Contact Us.
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https://secure.oxfamamerica.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=1013 TAKE ACTION ON Tell Congress to support the Food Security Acthttps://my.care.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=357&JServSessionIdr010=xu81vprr21.app306b TAKE ACTION ON Take Action to Prevent Child Marriagehttp://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/1312/t/9277/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27348 TAKE ACTION ON Fair Consideration for Single Payerhttp://ga1.org/campaign/ahf_obamachangeaids/xdssdwur17wtit73? TAKE ACTION ON President Obama, Please be the Change on AIDShttp://ga1.org/campaign/ahf_lacountycutsrestored/ TAKE ACTION ON Stop L.A. County AIDS Medical Cutshttp://www.unionvoice.org/campaign/hei2/eg383gx4p7xi3xji? TAKE ACTION ON HEI Fires Union Leader Ferdi Lazohttp://audubonaction.org/campaign/neotrops/xdxsndn4q7wb7eem? 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Humane Society take actionPush the PM to Copenhagen...Stop killing Whales...And much morehttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=251urgent campaignshttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=321HELP! thousends of African Refugees + Migrants Die at the Borders of Europehttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=313facebook HUMANRIGHT and ENVIRONMENTAL CAMPAIGNShttp://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=16464667612Take action!Clean up Global Finance...Drop arms debt...Make refugees a priority...support the Food Security Act...International Olympic Committee - we want Human Rights...Ikea, Wal-Mart, Carrefour and other retailers - Stop Union Busting at one of your Turkish suppliers...What happened to Obama's Energy Plan...Ask Iceland's new Government to save Whales...Keep Corporate influence out of the American Clean Energy and Security Act 2009...Petition to end overfishing...And much morehttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=251urgent campaignshttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=321HELP! thousends of African Refugees + Migrants Die at the Borders of Europehttp://www.flokli.ch/index.php?page=313joinfacebook HUMANRIGHT and ENVIRONMENTAL CAMPAIGNShttp://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=16464667612To unsubscribe from this list: send mail - unsubscribehttp://ga1.org/campaign/accessdenied TAKE ACTION ON Petition to Protect Our Health and Safety and Restore Corporate Accountabilityhttp://actionnetwork.org/campaign/cap_2009/iug3b7sryjnjk368? 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The Library of Congress > THOMAS Home > Bills, Resolutions > Search Resultshttp://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c111:S.773:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------THIS SEARCH THIS DOCUMENT GO TONext Hit Forward New Bills SearchPrev Hit Back HomePageHit List Best Sections HelpContents Display--------------------------------------------------------------------------------GPO's PDF Display References to this bill in the Congressional Record Link to the Bill Summary & Status file. Printer Friendly DisplayS.773Cybersecurity Act of 2009 (Introduced in Senate)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------BeginningApril 1, 2009SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.Sec. 18. Cybersecurity responsibilities and authorities.Sec. 21. International norms and cybersecurity deterrence measures.SEC. 2. FINDINGS.SEC. 3. CYBERSECURITY ADVISORY PANEL.SEC. 4. REAL-TIME CYBERSECURITY DASHBOARD.SEC. 5. STATE AND REGIONAL CYBERSECURITY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM.SEC. 6. NIST STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND COMPLIANCE.SEC. 7. LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION OF CYBERSECURITY PROFESSIONALS.SEC. 8. REVIEW OF NTIA DOMAIN NAME CONTRACTS.SEC. 9. SECURE DOMAIN NAME ADDRESSING SYSTEM.SEC. 10. PROMOTING CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS.SEC. 11. FEDERAL CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.SEC. 12. FEDERAL CYBER SCHOLARSHIP-FOR-SERVICE PROGRAM.SEC. 13. CYBERSECURITY COMPETITION AND CHALLENGE.SEC. 14. PUBLIC-PRIVATE CLEARINGHOUSE.SEC. 15. CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT.SEC. 16. LEGAL FRAMEWORK REVIEW AND REPORT.SEC. 17. AUTHENTICATION AND CIVIL LIBERTIES REPORT.SEC. 18. CYBERSECURITY RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY.SEC. 19. QUADRENNIAL CYBER REVIEW.SEC. 20. JOINT INTELLIGENCE THREAT ASSESSMENT.SEC. 21. INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND CYBERSECURITY DETERRANCE MEASURES.SEC. 22. FEDERAL SECURE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ACQUISITIONS BOARD.SEC. 23. DEFINITIONS.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------THIS SEARCH THIS DOCUMENT GO TONext Hit Forward New Bills SearchPrev Hit Back HomePageHit List Best Sections HelpContents Display--------------------------------------------------------------------------------THOMAS Home | Contact | Accessibility | Legal | USA.govComputer Crime andIntellectual Property Section (CCIPS) Email this Document!Provisions of Section 225 (“The Cyber Security Enhancement Act”)of theHomeland Security Act of 2002, H.R. 5710That Amend Title 18 of the United States CodeSEC. 225. CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2002.(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the ‘‘Cyber Security Enhancement Act of 2002’’.(b) AMENDMENT OF SENTENCING GUIDELINES RELATING TO CERTAIN COMPUTER CRIMES.—(1) DIRECTIVE TO THE UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION.—Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this subsection, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and, if appropriate, amend its guidelines and its policy statements applicable to persons convicted of an offense under section 1030 of title 18, United States Code.(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out this subsection, the Sentencing Commission shall— (A) ensure that the sentencing guidelines and policy statements reflect the serious nature of the offenses described in paragraph (1), the growing incidence of such offenses, and the need for an effective deterrent and appropriate punishment to prevent such offenses;(B) consider the following factors and the extent to which the guidelines may or may not account for them—(i) the potential and actual loss resulting from the offense;(ii) the level of sophistication and planning involved in the offense;(iii) whether the offense was committed for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial benefit;(iv) whether the defendant acted with malicious intent to cause harm in committing the offense;(v) the extent to which the offense violated the privacy rights of individuals harmed;(vi) whether the offense involved a computer used by the government in furtherance of national defense, national security, or the administration of justice;(vii) whether the violation was intended to or had the effect of significantlyinterfering with or disrupting a critical infrastructure; and(viii) whether the violation was intended to or had the effect of creating a threat to public health or safety, or injury to any person;(C) assure reasonable consistency with other relevant directives and with other sentencing guidelines;(D) account for any additional aggravating or mitigating circumstances that might justify exceptions to the generally applicable sentencing ranges;(E) make any necessary conforming changes to the sentencing guidelines; and(F) assure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code.(c) STUDY AND REPORT ON COMPUTER CRIMES.— Not later than May 1, 2003, the United States Sentencing Commission shall submit a brief report to Congress that explains any actions taken by the Sentencing Commission in response to this section and includes any recommendations the Commission may have regarding statutory penalties for offenses under section 1030 of title 18, United States Code.(d) EMERGENCY DISCLOSURE EXCEPTION.—(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2702(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—(A) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end;(B) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ‘‘or’’ at the end;(C) by striking paragraph (6)(C); and(D) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘(7) to a Federal, State, or local governmental entity, if the provider, in good faith, believes that an emergency involving danger of death or serious physical injury to any person requires disclosure without delay of communications relating to the emergency.’’.(2) REPORTING OF DISCLOSURES.—A government entity that receives a disclosure under section 2702(b) of title 18, United States Code, shall file, not later than 90 days after such disclosure, a report to the Attorney General stating the paragraph of that section under which the disclosure was made, the date of the disclosure, the entity to which the disclosure was made, the number of customers or subscribers to whom the information disclosed pertained, and the number of communications, if any, that were disclosed. The Attorney General shall publish all such reports into a single report to be submitted to Congress 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.(e) GOOD FAITH EXCEPTION.—Section 2520(d)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘or 2511(2)(i)’’ after ‘‘2511(3)’’.(f) INTERNET ADVERTISING OF ILLEGAL DEVICES.— Section 2512(1)(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—(1) by inserting ‘‘or disseminates by electronic means’’ after ‘‘or other publication’’; and(2) by inserting ‘‘knowing the content of the advertisement and’’ before ‘‘knowing or having reason to know’’.(g) STRENGTHENING PENALTIES.—Section 1030(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph (3);(2) in each of subparagraphs (A) and (C) of paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘except as provided in paragraph (5),’’ before ‘‘a fine under this title’’;(3) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and(4) by adding at the end the following:‘‘(5)(A) if the offender knowingly or recklessly causes or attempts to cause serious bodily injury from conduct in violation of subsection(a)(5)(A)(i), a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both; and‘‘(B) if the offender knowingly or recklessly causes or attempts to cause death from conduct in violation of subsection (a)(5)(A)(i), a fine under this title or imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or both.’’.(h) PROVIDER ASSISTANCE.—(1) SECTION 2703.—Section 2703(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘, statutory authorization’’ after ‘‘subpoena’’.(2) SECTION 2511.—Section 2511(2)(a)(ii) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘, statutory authorization,’’ after ‘‘court order’’ the last place it appears.(i) EMERGENCIES.—Section 3125(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end;(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the comma at the end and inserting a semicolon; and(3) by adding at the end the following:‘‘(C) an immediate threat to a national security interest; or‘‘(D) an ongoing attack on a protected computer (as defined in section 1030) that constitutes a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment greater than one year;’’.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------More information on: Federal Statutes Related to Computer IntrusionsGo to . . . CCIPS Home Page || Justice Department Home Page--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Updated page May22, 2003usdoj-crm/mis/krr--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| home | who we are | our mission | secure area | training | volunteer | contact | links| 911 report |CLEO LinksLaw Enforcement LinksUnited States Legal LinksCanadian LinksAustralian LinksUnited Kingdom LinksCyber Criminals most Wantedhttp://www.cyberlawenforcement.org/links.htmlCheck out our sister site!wiredpatrol.org© CyberLawEnforcement.org--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Law Enforcement SitesNational Criminal Justice Reference ServiceFederal Law Enforcement Training CenterUnited States Department of JusticeAgency Search EngineDepartments in the USArkansas State PoliceFlorida Department of Law EnforcementBack to TopBack to Main PageUnited States Legal LinksDarby and Darby LawFindLaw.comAmerican Law Sources On-lineBack to TopBack to Main PageCanadian LinksACJ NetThe Criminal Code Of CanadaBack to TopBack to Main PageAustralian LinksThe Police Law BulletinCommonwealth Director of Public ProsecutionsBack to TopBack to Main PageUnited Kingdom LinksPolice LawHome Office LegislationBack to TopBack to Main Page-----------------------------------------------------------------------------_____ _____ _______/ ____| __ \__ __| ____ ___ ____ __| | | | | | | | / __ \____ / (_)______ __ / __ \____ _____/ /_| | | | | | | | / /_/ / __ \/ / / ___/ / / / / /_/ / __ \/ ___/ __/| |____| |__| | | | / ____/ /_/ / / / /__/ /_/ / / ____/ /_/ (__ ) /_\_____|_____/ |_| /_/ \____/_/_/\___/\__, / /_/ \____/____/\__/The Center for Democracy and Technology /____/ Volume 2, Number 5----------------------------------------------------------------------------A briefing on public policy issues affecting civil liberties online----------------------------------------------------------------------------CDT POLICY POST Volume 2, Number 5 February 1, 1996CONTENTS: (1) Congress Passes Online Indecency Bill, Clinton Expected to Sign,CDT Plans Court Challenge(2) Subscription Information(3) About CDT, contacting ushttp://www.cdt.org/publications/pp_2.5.htmlThis document may be redistributed freely provided it remains in its entirety** Excerpts may be re-posted by permission (editor@cdt.org) **-----------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) Congress Passes Online Indecency Bill, Clinton Expected to Sign,CDT Plans Court ChallengeBy overwhelming margins in both the House and Senate, Congress today (2/1) approvedlegislation to dramatically restrict the First Amendment rights of Internet users.With this act of Congress, the very same materials which are legally available todayin book stores and libraries would be illegal if posted on World Wide Web sites orusenet newsgroups. If signed by President Clinton as expected, this bill will transformthe Internet overnight from the freest communications medium to the most heavilyregulated medium in the United States.CDT believes this legislation is unconstitutional. We are committed to challengingit in the courts at the earliest possible opportunity.Despite the sustained effort over the past 12 months by Senators Leahy (D-VT),Feingold (D-WI), and Representatives Chris Cox (R-CA), Rick White (R-WA), and RonWyden (D-OR) to defeat the bill, the House passed the measure on a vote of 414 - 16,while the Senate concurred a few hours later on a vote of 91 - 5. Ironically, thevote comes exactly one year to the day that Senator Exon (D-NE) originally introducedthe proposal (2/1/95).CONGRESS MAKES CRIMINALS OF MOST INTERNET USERSThe Communications Decency Act, enacted as part of a massive telecommunicationsreform legislation, will impose $250,000 fines and prison terms for anyone whoposts "indecent" material, including the "7 dirty words", the text of classicworks of fiction such as The Catcher In The Rye or Ulysses, artwork containingimages of nudes, or rap lyrics, in a public forum.CDT strongly opposes this legislation. We believe the bill threatens the veryexistence of the Internet as a means for free expression, education, and politicaldiscourse. The bill is an unwarranted, unconstitutional intrusion by the Federalgovernment into the private lives of all Americans.Although the free speech rights of Internet users and the free flow of informationonline received a major setback today, the battle is far from over. President Clintonis expected to sign the legislation in the coming days. Several civil liberties andpublic interest advocacy groups, including CDT, People for the American Way, EFF, andthe ACLU are already preparing to challenge these new restrictions in court. Otheraffected entities, including commercial content providers, Internet Service Providers,and the commercial online services industries, are also expected to mount courtchallenges to this legislation. CDT is confident that the courts will find theCommunications Decency Act unconstitutional and reject it outright.INTERNET COMMUNITY ACTIVISM MADE A CRITICAL DIFFERENCEAlthough the CDA passed by Congress today represents a significant threat to theviability of the Internet and the free speech rights of individual users, theefforts of the Internet.community to mobilize against the bill kept it from beinga lot worse.The Christian Coalition, with the support of House Judiciary Committee ChairmanHenry Hyde (R-IL), fought hard to hold online service providers criminally liablefor materials generated by their subscribers. Fortunately, these efforts were notsuccessful. Holding providers liable would have forced them to pre-screen allmaterial on their networks, or, worse yet, shut down entire parts of their servicesfor fear of massive fines and prison sentences. The Christian Coalition was alsounsuccessful in their efforts to remove provisions encouraging the development anddeployment of parental control applications.Due to the efforts of the 115,000 Internet users who signed the petition againstthe CDA, the more than 20,000 users who in one day flooded Congress with phonecalls, faxes, and email messages, and those who throughout 1995 regularly calledtheir Congresspeople to express concerns about the various proposals, the Internetcommunity showed itself to be a true political force with real influence over thelegislative process. Although we did not accomplish all of our most importantobjectives, we have become a powerful force. This is not the last time Congresswill consider issues vital to the interests of Internet users across the UnitedStates. We must never loose sight of the fact that, despite the apparent defeattoday, there is still a tremendous amount of work to be done.SEVERAL KEY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FOUGHT FOR THE RIGHTS OF INTERNET USERSAlthough a majority of Congress today demonstrated a complete lack of understandingof the Internet and the implications of the Communications Decency Act, severalmembers deserve credit for standing up for freedom of speech and the free flow ofinformation online.During the course of the debate over the last year on the CDA, Senators PatrickLeahy (D-VT) and Russ Feingold (D-WI), along with Representatives Chris Cox (R-CA),Rick White (R-WA), Michael Oxley (R-OH), Ron Wyden (D-OR), and Ed Markey (D-MA),showed courage and conviction by working to support enlightened alternatives togovernment content restrictions. These members have shown themselves to be friendsof the Internet, and we look forward to working with them on other issues which lieahead.ANALYSIS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS DECENCY ACT PASSED TODAYThe legislation approved today was not changed from a previous version releasedDecember 21, 1995 (See CDT Policy Post No. 33). Briefly, the proposal containsseveral troubling elements. Among other things, the bill:* Relies on the vague and blatantly unconstitutional "indecency"standard (Sec 502 (a) - (c))* Prohibits sending "indecent" material directly to a minor or makingindecent material available for display in a manner available to aminor (including World Wide Web pages, ftp sites, or usenetnewsgroups) (Sec 502 (d)).* No longer contains the provision of the Cox/Wyden/White billprohibiting the FCC from imposing content or other regulations on theInternet or other interactive media.* Would allow states to impose additional restrictions on non-commercialactivities such as free-nets, BBS's, and non-profit content providers(Sec 502 (h)).* Creates a new crime for the solicitation of minors using a computer,the US mail, or any other means of interstate or foreign commerce (Sec508).The full text of the bill, along with other relevant background information(including final vote tallies when available) can be found at CDT's InternetCensorship Issues Web Page (http://www.cdt.org/cda.html).As CDT prepares to fight this issue in court, we will continue to update you onour progress as information becomes available.For More Information Contact:Jerry Berman, Executive DirectorDaniel Weitzner, Deputy Director+1.202.637.9800-----------------------------------------------------------------------(3) SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATIONBe sure you are up to date on the latest public policy issues affecting civilliberties online and how they will affect you! Subscribe to the CDT Policy Postnews distribution list. CDT Policy Posts, the regular news publication of theCenter For Democracy and Technology, are received by more than 9,000 Internetusers, industry leaders, policy makers and activists, and have become the leadingsource for information about critical free speech and privacy issues affecting theInternet and other interactive communications media.To subscribe to CDT's Policy Post list, send mail topolicy-posts-request@cdt.orgwith a subject:subscribe policy-postsIf you ever wish to remove yourself from the list, send mail to theabove address with a subject of:unsubscribe policy-posts-----------------------------------------------------------------------(3) ABOUT THE CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY AND TECHNOLOGY/CONTACTING USThe Center for Democracy and Technology is a non-profit public interestorganization based in Washington, DC. The Center's mission is to developand advocate public policies that advance democratic values andconstitutional civil liberties in new computer and communicationstechnologies.Contacting us:General information: info@cdt.orgWorld Wide Web: URL:http://www.cdt.org/FTP URL:ftp://ftp.cdt.org/pub/cdt/Snail Mail: The Center for Democracy and Technology1001 G Street NW * Suite 500 East * Washington, DC 20001(v) +1.202.637.9800 * (f) +1.202.637.0968-----------------------------------------------------------------------End Policy Post 2.5 2/1/96-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Return to the Net-Censorship Issues PageReturn to the CDT Home Page
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Text of H.R.1913 as Referred in SenateLocal Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009To provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes, and for other purposes.current 111st session of congressBack to Bill DetailsVersion HistoryVersion Word Count Changes From Previous Version Percent ChangeIntroduced in House 2,718 n/a n/aReported in House 2,443 19 39%Engrossed in House 2,166 24 34%Referred in Senate 2,150 5 Show Changes Hide Changes 7%Key: changed or removed text inserted or modified text--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Loading Bill TextHR 1913 EHRFSCommentsClose CommentsPermalink111th CONGRESSCommentsClose CommentsPermalink1st SessionCommentsClose CommentsPermalinkH. R. 1913CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkIN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATESCommentsClose CommentsPermalinkApril 30, 2009CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkReceived; read twice and referred to the Committee on the JudiciaryCommentsClose CommentsPermalink--------------------------------------------------------------------------------AN ACTCommentsClose CommentsPermalinkTo provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.This Act may be cited as the ‘Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 2. DEFINITION OF HATE CRIME.In this Act--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(1) the term ‘crime of violence’ has the meaning given that term in section 16, title 18, United States Code;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(2) the term ‘hate crime’ has the meaning given such term in section 280003(a) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (28 U.S.C. 994 note); andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink(3) the term ‘local’ means a county, city, town, township, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 3. SUPPORT FOR CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS BY STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS.(a) Assistance Other Than Financial Assistance-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(1) IN GENERAL- At the request of a State, local, or tribal law enforcement agency, the Attorney General may provide technical, forensic, prosecutorial, or any other form of assistance in the criminal investigation or prosecution of any crime that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(A) constitutes a crime of violence;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(B) constitutes a felony under the State, local, or tribal laws; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink(C) is motivated by prejudice based on the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of the victim, or is a violation of the State, local, or tribal hate crime laws.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(2) PRIORITY- In providing assistance under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall give priority to crimes committed by offenders who have committed crimes in more than one State and to rural jurisdictions that have difficulty covering the extraordinary expenses relating to the investigation or prosecution of the crime.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(b) Grants-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(1) IN GENERAL- The Attorney General may award grants to State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies for extraordinary expenses associated with the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(2) OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS- In implementing the grant program under this subsection, the Office of Justice Programs shall work closely with grantees to ensure that the concerns and needs of all affected parties, including community groups and schools, colleges, and universities, are addressed through the local infrastructure developed under the grants.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(3) APPLICATION-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(A) IN GENERAL- Each State, local, or Tribal law enforcement agency that desires a grant under this subsection shall submit an application to the Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by or containing such information as the Attorney General shall reasonably require.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(B) DATE FOR SUBMISSION- Applications submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be submitted during the 60-day period beginning on a date that the Attorney General shall prescribe.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(C) REQUIREMENTS- A State, local, or Tribal law enforcement agency applying for a grant under this subsection shall--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(i) describe the extraordinary purposes for which the grant is needed;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(ii) certify that the State, local government, or Indian tribe lacks the resources necessary to investigate or prosecute the hate crime;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(iii) demonstrate that, in developing a plan to implement the grant, the State, local, or Tribal law enforcement agency has consulted and coordinated with nonprofit, nongovernmental violence recovery service programs that have experience in providing services to victims of hate crimes; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink(iv) certify that any Federal funds received under this subsection will be used to supplement, not supplant, non-Federal funds that would otherwise be available for activities funded under this subsection.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(4) DEADLINE- An application for a grant under this subsection shall be approved or denied by the Attorney General not later than 180 business days after the date on which the Attorney General receives the application.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(5) GRANT AMOUNT- A grant under this subsection shall not exceed $100,000 for any single jurisdiction in any 1-year period.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(6) REPORT- Not later than December 31, 2011, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report describing the applications submitted for grants under this subsection, the award of such grants, and the purposes for which the grant amounts were expended.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(7) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 and 2011.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 4. GRANT PROGRAM.(a) Authority To Award Grants- The Office of Justice Programs of the Department of Justice may award grants, in accordance with such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, to State, local, or tribal programs designed to combat hate crimes committed by juveniles, including programs to train local law enforcement officers in identifying, investigating, prosecuting, and preventing hate crimes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(b) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION FOR ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL TO ASSIST STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT.There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice, including the Community Relations Service, for fiscal years 2010, 2011, and 2012, such sums as are necessary to increase the number of personnel to prevent and respond to alleged violations of section 249 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 7 of this Act.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 6. PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN HATE CRIME ACTS.(a) In General- Chapter 13 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘Sec. 249. Hate crime acts‘(a) In General-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink1‘(1) OFFENSES INVOLVING ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED RACE, COLOR, RELIGION, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN- Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, a dangerous weapon, or an explosive or incendiary device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, or national origin of any person--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(A) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(B) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(i) death results from the offense; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(ii) the offense includes kidnaping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(2) OFFENSES INVOLVING ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED RELIGION, NATIONAL ORIGIN, GENDER, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, OR DISABILITY-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(A) IN GENERAL- Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, in any circumstance described in subparagraph (B), willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, a dangerouse weapon, or an explosive or incendiary device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of any person--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(i) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(ii) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(I) death results from the offense; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(II) the offense includes kidnaping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(B) CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED- For purposes of subparagraph (A), the circumstances described in this subparagraph are that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(i) the conduct described in subparagraph (A) occurs during the course of, or as the result of, the travel of the defendant or the victim--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(I) across a State line or national border; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(II) using a channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(ii) the defendant uses a channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce in connection with the conduct described in subparagraph (A);CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(iii) in connection with the conduct described in subparagraph (A), the defendant employs a firearm, explosive or incendiary device, or other weapon that has traveled in interstate or foreign commerce; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(iv) the conduct described in subparagraph (A)--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(I) interferes with commercial or other economic activity in which the victim is engaged at the time of the conduct; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(II) otherwise affects interstate or foreign commerce.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(3) ADDITIONAL FEDERAL NEXUS FOR OFFENSE- Whoever, in the special maritime or territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or in Indian country, engages in conduct described in paragraph (1) or in paragraph (2)(A) (without regard to whether that conduct occurred in a circumstance described in paragraph (2)(B)) shall be subject to the same penalties as those provided for offenses under those paragraphs.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(b) Certification Requirement- No prosecution of any offense described in this subsection may be undertaken by the United States, except under the certification in writing of the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, or any Assistant Attorney General specially designated by the Attorney General that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(1) such certifying individual has reasonable cause to believe that the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of any person was a motivating factor underlying the alleged conduct of the defendant; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(2) such certifying individual has consulted with State or local law enforcement officials regarding the prosecution and determined that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(A) the State does not have jurisdiction or does not intend to exercise jurisdiction;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(B) the State has requested that the Federal Government assume jurisdiction;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(C) the State does not object to the Federal Government assuming jurisdiction; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(D) the verdict or sentence obtained pursuant to State charges left demonstratively unvindicated the Federal interest in eradicating bias-motivated violence.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(c) Definitions-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(1) In this section--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(A) the term ‘explosive or incendiary device’ has the meaning given such term in section 232 of this title;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(B) the term ‘firearm’ has the meaning given such term in section 921(a) of this title; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(C) the term ‘State’ includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and any other territory or possession of the United States.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(2) For the purposes of this chapter, the term ‘gender identity’ means actual or perceived gender-related characteristics.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(d) Statute of Limitations-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(1) OFFENSES NOT RESULTING IN DEATH- Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under this section unless the indictment for such offense is found, or the information for such offense is instituted, not later than 7 years after the date on which the offense was committed.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(2) DEATH RESULTING OFFENSES- An indictment or information alleging that an offense under this section resulted in death may be found or instituted at any time without limitation.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘(e) Rule of Evidence- In a prosecution for an offense under this section, evidence of expression or associations of the defendant may not be introduced as substantive evidence at trial, unless the evidence specifically relates to that offense. However, nothing in this section affects the rules of evidence governing impeachment of a witness.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink(b) Technical and Conforming Amendment- The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 13 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink‘249. Hate crime acts.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 7. SEVERABILITY.If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, the amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions of such to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkSEC. 8. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, shall be construed to prohibit any expressive conduct protected from legal prohibition by, or any activities protected by, the Constitution.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkPassed the House of Representatives April 29, 2009.CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkAbstracthttp://www.google.com/patents?id=BQsBAAAAEBAJ&dq=neurologicalDisclosed is a multiple electrode, closed-loop, responsive system for the treatment of certain neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine headaches and Parkinson's disease. Brain electrodes would be placed in close proximity to the brain or deep within brain tissue. When a neurological event such as the onset of an epileptic seizure occurs, EEG signals from the electrodes are processed by signal conditioning means in a control module that can be placed beneath the patient's scalp, within the patient's chest, or situated externally on the patient. Neurological event detection means in the control module will then cause a response to be generated for stopping the neurological event. The response could be an electrical signal to brain electrodes or to electrodes located remotely in the patient's body. The response could also be the release of medication or the application of a sensory input such as sound, light or mechanical vibration or electrical stimulation of the skin. The...Patent number: 6016449Filing date: Oct 27, 1997Issue date: Jan 18, 2000Inventors: Robert E. Fischell, David R. Fischell, Adrian R. M. UptonAssignees: NeuroPace, Inc.U.S. Classification607/45International ClassificationA61N 136What is claimed is:1. A system for the treatment of neurological disorders of a human patient, the system comprising:at least two electrodes adapted to be located within the cranium of the human patient;a control module adapted to be implanted beneath the patient's scalp for transmitting output electrical signals from the control module to the patient's brain responsive to input electrical signals received by the control module, the input electrical signals originating in the patient's brain;electrical conducting means for providing electrical connections between the electrodes and the control module; andexternal equipment means adapted to be located external to the human patient for providing two-way communication between the external equipment means and the control module for (1) receiving data transmission from the control module and (2) transmitting electrical signals to be received by the control module for defining the output electrical signals from the control module, whereby said output electrical signals provide a stimulation signal to terminate a neurological event.2. The system of claim 1 wherein there are exactly two electrodes. electrical conducting means.3. The system of claim 1 wherein there are at least three electrodes.4. The system of claim 3 wherein the control module has an outer surface and at least part of that outer surface is electrically conducting and at least one of the other electrodes is an active electrode connected to the control module by the electrical conducting means.5. The system of claim 1 wherein there are at least four electrodes.6. The system of claim 1 wherein the electrical conducting means includes at least one insulated conducting wire, the wire having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end of each wire being joined to the control module and the distal end of each wire being joined to an electrode, the path of the wire from the control module to the electrode including passage between the patient's scalp and cranium.7. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one electrode is positionally located within the brain of said patient defining a deep electrode.8. The system of claim 7 wherein the deep electrode is positionally located within a hippocampus region of said brain.9. The system of claim 1 wherein the control module includes an event detection sub-system means for identifying an occurrence of a neurological event by processing of at least one EEG signal detected from at least one electrode.10. The system of claim 9 wherein the event detection sub-system means includes a signal conditioning means for operating on the at least one EEG signal from the at least one electrode to produce an output signal having an optimized signal to noise ratio and an event detection means for detecting a neurological event, the event detection means having an input signal and an output signal, the input signal to the event detection means being the output signal of the signal conditioning means.11. The system of claim 10 wherein the signal conditioning means includes at least one signal conditioning transformation for transforming the EEG signal from said electrode to said output signal for producing said optimized signal to noise ratio.12. The system of claim 11 wherein at least one of the signal conditioning transformations is signal squaring for increasing the signal amplitude and eliminating signals having a negative value thereby improving the signal to noise ratio.13. The system of claim 10 wherein the signal conditioning means includes at least two time delay circuits for inputting at least two EEG signals from the at least two electrodes and outputting a time synchronized signal to said event detection means.14. The system of claim 10 wherein the at least two electrodes adapted to be located within the cranium of the human patient are placed at two different locations within the cranium, each of the locations being such that the propagation times of the EEG signals from the focus of a neurological event to each of the at least two electrodes is different, the signal conditioning means including at least two time delay circuits, adapted to provide an appropriate time delay for each EEG signal from each electrode in order to produce a set of time synchronized EEG signals.15. The system of claim 14 wherein the event detection sub-system means includes means for altering the time duration of the time delay for the at least two time delay circuits.16. The system of claim 15 wherein the event detection sub-system means includes means for selecting at least one EEG signal to be processed by the signal conditioning means.17. The system of claim 15 wherein the control module includes control processor means for programming changes in at least one of said signal conditioning transformations, the central processor means being coupled to the event detection sub-system means.18. The system of claim 10 wherein the event detection means includes at least one event detection transformation means having a plurality of event detection transforms for detecting said occurrence of the neurological event.19. The system of claim 18 wherein the at least one of the event detection transformations is a comparison of the output of the signal conditioning means with an event detection threshold whereby the exceeding of the event detection threshold is the indication that a neurological event has been detected.20. The system of claim 19 including means for adjusting the level of the event detection threshold.21. The system of claim 1 wherein the stimulation signal to terminate the neurological event is applied to at least one electrode located within the cranium.22. The system of claim 21 wherein at least two signals are applied to at least two electrodes located within the cranium.23. The system of claim 22 wherein the at least two signals applied to the at least two electrodes have substantially the same signal strength as a function of time.24. The system of claim 23 wherein the at least two signals applied to the at least two electrodes have substantially different signal strength as a function of time.25. The system of claim 21 wherein the electrical signal has a biphasic waveform.26. The system of claim 1 wherein the control module includes data recording means coupled to the at least two electrodes for recording the input electrical signals originating in the patient's brain.27. The system of claim 26 wherein the data recording means is adapted to record at least one EEG signal.28. The system of claim 26 wherein the data recording means is adapted to simultaneously record at least two EEG signals.29. The system of claim 26 wherein the data recording means includes an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the two electrodes within the cranium of the human patient and a digital memory serially coupled to the analog to digital converter.30. The system of claim 29 wherein the digital memory records data for a first time period defining a time period prior to the detection of a neurological event and a second time period defining a time period after the detection of the neurological event.31. The system of claim 30 wherein the first time period is between 0.1 and 30 minutes and the second time period is between 0.1 and 30 minutes.32. The system of claim 29 wherein the digital memory stores the number of neurological events that have occurred.33. The system of claim 1 wherein the two-way communication for receiving data transmission and transmitting electrical signals reversibly from the control module to the external equipment is by electromagnetic waves.34. The system of claim 1 wherein the control module includes alarm means for signaling the patient that a neurological event has occurred.35. The system of claim 34 wherein the alarm means is a mechanical vibrator for producing mechanical vibrations for sensing by the patient.
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Space Command officials exceed GPS standardPosted 5/26/2009 Updated 5/26/2009 Email story Print storyhttp://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=1231507115/26/2009 - PETERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Colo. (AFNS) -- Air Force Space Command officials here maintain the Global Positioning System constellation that now has 30 operational satellites, six more than the standard."I have high confidence we will continue to sustain at least the 24 satellites required to maintain our current performance standard," said Gen. C. Robert "Bob" Kehler, the Air Force Space Command commander.The current number of satellites being used by Air Force for global positioning is the most satellites and the greatest capability to date, since GPS came into fruition in the 1970s."We are committed to maintaining our current level of service, while striving to increase and improve service and capability through on-going modernization efforts," said Lt. Gen. John T. "Tom" Sheridan, commander of the Space and Missile Systems Center, which is the acquisitions arm for Air Force Space Command. "The Air Force will continue to execute an achievable growth path maintaining GPS as the premier provider of positioning, navigation and timing for the military and civilian users around the world."Just as it was reported in the Government Accountability Office's report May 7, Air Force Space Command officials acknowledged the potential for an availability gap years ago, and has actively pursued and institutionalized procedures and processes to mitigate the potential gap or minimize any impact. Command officials developed key processes within the operational community as well as the acquisition community to extend the life of on-orbit assets and to ensure GPS capability is delivered in a timely manner.The Air Force launched the seventh of its current block of IIR-M satellites in April, and will launch another one this fall followed by the first of 12 Block IIF satellites in early fiscal 2010. The IIF's sophisticated L-band payload will include new hardware that serves the civil user community. The next generation of GPS satellites, the GPS IIIA, with additional navigation signals for both civilian and military users will improve the accuracy and availability for all users. GPS IIIA is scheduled for first launch in 2014."New acquisition approaches, including phased acquisition and prototyping, will reduce risk to constellation sustainment in the future," General Sheridan said."Let me state emphatically; since we declared Full Operational Capability in 1995, the Air Force has maintained the constellation above the required 24 GPS satellites on orbit at 95 percent. In fact, we have achieved sub-three meter accuracy," General Kehler said. "The Air Force has been a good GPS steward continually providing 'better than expected' service to our GPS users. At this point, we foresee no significant loss of service in the future, near or far."Space operations vital to Air Force, nationPosted 5/26/2009 Updated 5/26/2009 Email story Print storyhttp://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123150936by Staff Sgt. J.G. BuzanowskiSecretary of the Air Force Public Affairs5/26/2009 - WASHINGTON (AFNS) -- Air Force officials discussed the importance of space as a warfighting domain before members of the Senate May 20 on Capitol Hill.Senior Air Force leaders in the space realm answered questions from the Senate Armed Services Committee Strategic Force Subcommittee, telling them that Air Force officials were postured to make the most of their assets as part of the joint fight.Gen. C. Robert "Bob" Kehler, the Air Force Space Command commander, told the subcommittee that the command's efforts to provide the services with resources to maintain a strong presence in space have been and continue to be a vital part of the national defense strategy."Our mission is to provide an integrated constellation of space and cyberspace capabilities at the speed of need," General Kehler said. "Our vision is to be the leading source of emerging and integrated space and cyberspace capabilities."General Kehler spoke of two key decisions the Air Force made: The creation of Air Force Global Strike Command and the assignment of cyberspace tasks to AFSPACE."Space capabilities contribute across the spectrum of regular and irregular combat and noncombat operations, and provide joint commanders a decisive advantage," he said. "The cyberspace domain is inextricably linked to the other domains in which the U.S. military operates."With the recent budget release and the cancellation of the TSAT program, the Air Force is "harvesting" the technologies, systems and lessons learned so it can apply them to the next generation of satellites."What's important is that we synchronize capabilities with needs," General Kehler said.Gary E. Payton, the deputy undersecretary of the Air Force for space programs, also testified."Our space systems are the envy of the world," he wrote in his official statement. "Our surveillance satellites are able to detect missile launches anywhere in the world, our communications systems allow the president precise and assured control over nuclear forces, our wideband systems rapidly transmit critical information to our warfighters, our weather satellites allow us to predict future weather half a world away, our Global Positioning Systems enable knowledge down to centimeters and timing down to nanoseconds."Mr. Payton said a strong space presence enhances the joint fight."These sophisticated systems make each Soldier, Sailor, Marine and Airman safer and more capable."Space Preservation Act of 2005(H.R. 2420)(See also: GN Response)http://thomas.loc.gov/home/search.htmlTitle: To preserve the cooperative, peaceful uses of space for the benefit of all humankind by prohibiting the basing of weapons in space and the use of weapons to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit, and for other purposes.Sponsor: Rep Kucinich, Dennis J. [OH-10] (introduced 5/18/2005) Cosponsors (34)Latest Major Action: 5/18/2005 Referred to House committee. Status: Referred to the Committee on Science, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and International Relations, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.COSPONSORS(34), ALPHABETICAL [followed by Cosponsors withdrawn]: (Sort: by date)Rep Abercrombie, Neil [HI-1] - 5/18/2005Rep Baldwin, Tammy [WI-2] - 5/18/2005Rep Brown, Sherrod [OH-13] - 5/26/2005Rep Conyers, John, Jr. [MI-14] - 5/18/2005Rep Davis, Danny K. [IL-7] - 5/18/2005Rep Fattah, Chaka [PA-2] - 5/18/2005Rep Filner, Bob [CA-51] - 5/18/2005Rep Frank, Barney [MA-4] - 5/26/2005Rep Grijalva, Raul M. [AZ-7] - 5/18/2005Rep Hinchey, Maurice D. [NY-22] - 5/18/2005Rep Holt, Rush D. [NJ-12] - 5/18/2005Rep Honda, Michael M. [CA-15] - 5/18/2005Rep Jackson, Jesse L., Jr. [IL-2] - 5/18/2005Rep Lee, Barbara [CA-9] - 5/18/2005Rep Maloney, Carolyn B. [NY-14] - 5/26/2005Rep McDermott, Jim [WA-7] - 5/18/2005Rep McGovern, James P. [MA-3] - 5/18/2005Rep McKinney, Cynthia A. [GA-4] - 5/18/2005Rep Meeks, Gregory W. [NY-6] - 5/18/2005Rep Michaud, Michael H. [ME-2] - 5/18/2005Rep Miller, George [CA-7] - 5/18/2005Rep Moore, Gwen [WI-4] - 5/18/2005Rep Nadler, Jerrold [NY-8] - 5/26/2005Rep Owens, Major R. [NY-11] - 5/18/2005Rep Rahall, Nick J., II [WV-3] - 5/18/2005Rep Sanders, Bernard [VT] - 5/26/2005Rep Serrano, Jose E. [NY-16] - 5/18/2005Rep Stark, Fortney Pete [CA-13] - 5/18/2005Rep Tierney, John F. [MA-6] - 5/18/2005Rep Towns, Edolphus [NY-10] - 5/26/2005Rep Velazquez, Nydia M. [NY-12] - 5/26/2005Rep Waters, Maxine [CA-35] - 5/18/2005Rep Watson, Diane E. [CA-33] - 5/18/2005Rep Woolsey, Lynn C. [CA-6] - 5/18/2005REP. DENNIS KUCINICH:STOP THE WEAPONIZATION OF SPACE-- (House of Representatives - May 19, 2005)[Page: H3586] GPO's PDF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD(Mr. KUCINICH asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.)Mr. KUCINICH. Mr. Speaker, the administration, through senior Air Force officials, wants the U.S. to achieve military supremacy in outer space. Dominating all earth from outer space will have an out-of-world price tag, perhaps more than $1 trillion.A question: Why reach for the stars with guns in our hands? Are there weapons of mass destruction on Mars?Yesterday 28 Members of Congress signed on to H.R. 2420, a bill to stop the weaponization of space, urging the President to sign an international treaty to ban such weapons. If we work together towards creating peace on earth, we would not bring war to the high heavens.While some fantasize about being ``masters of the universe,'' there are 45 million Americans without health insurance. Corporations are reneging on pension obligations. Social Security is under attack. We are headed towards a $400 billion annual budget deficit, a $600 billion trade deficit, an $8 trillion national debt. The cost of the war in Iraq is over $200 billion. While we build new bases in Iraq, we close them in the United States.Earth to Washington, D.C. Earth to Washington, D.C. D.C., call home.TEXT OF Space Preservation Act of 2005 (Introduced in House)HR 2420 IH109th CONGRESS1st SessionH. R. 2420To preserve the cooperative, peaceful uses of space for the benefit of all humankind by prohibiting the basing of weapons in space and the use of weapons to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit, and for other purposes.IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESMay 18, 2005Mr. KUCINICH (for himself, Mr. ABERCROMBIE, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, Mr. TIERNEY, Mr. HOLT, Mr. FATTAH, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. MICHAUD, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. SERRANO, Ms. LEE, Ms. MOORE of Wisconsin, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. HINCHEY, Ms. MCKINNEY, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. STARK, Mr. OWENS, Mr. HONDA, Ms. WATERS, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. JACKSON of Illinois, Ms. WATSON, Mr. FILNER, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. MEEKS of New York, and Mr. MCDERMOTT) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services and International Relations, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concernedA BILLTo preserve the cooperative, peaceful uses of space for the benefit of all humankind by prohibiting the basing of weapons in space and the use of weapons to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit, and for other purposes.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.This Act may be cited as the `Space Preservation Act of 2005'.SEC. 2. REAFFIRMATION OF POLICY ON THE PRESERVATION OF PEACE IN SPACE.Congress reaffirms the policy expressed in section 102(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2451(a)), stating that it `is the policy of the United States that activities in space should be devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all mankind.'.SEC. 3. BAN ON BASING OF WEAPONS IN SPACE AND THE USE OF WEAPONS AGAINST OBJECTS IN SPACE IN ORBIT.The President shall--(1) implement a ban on space-based weapons of the United States and the use of weapons of the United States to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit; and(2) immediately order the termination of research and development, testing, manufacturing, production, and deployment of all space-based weapons of the United States.SEC. 4. INTERNATIONAL TREATY BANNING SPACE-BASED WEAPONS AND THE USE OF WEAPONS AGAINST OBJECTS IN SPACE IN ORBIT.The President shall direct the United States representatives to the United Nations and other international organizations to immediately work toward negotiating, adopting, and implementing an international treaty banning space-based weapons and the use of weapons to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit.SEC. 5. REPORT.The President shall submit to Congress not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, a report on--(1) the implementation of the ban on space-based weapons and the use of weapons to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit required by section 3; and(2) progress toward negotiating, adopting, and implementing the treaty described in section 4.SEC. 6. SPACE-BASED NONWEAPONS ACTIVITIES.Nothing in this Act may be construed as prohibiting the use of funds for--(1) space exploration;(2) space research and development;(3) testing, manufacturing, or production that is not related to space-based weapons or systems; or(4) civil, commercial, or defense activities (including communications, navigation, surveillance, reconnaissance, early warning, or remote sensing) that are not related to space-based weapons or systems.SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.In this Act:(1) The term `space' means all space extending upward from an altitude greater than 110 kilometers above the surface of the earth and any celestial body in such space.(2) The terms `space-based weapon' and `space-based system' mean a device capable of damaging or destroying an object or person (whether in outer space, in the atmosphere, or on Earth) by--(A) firing one or more projectiles to collide with that object or person;(B) detonating one or more explosive devices in close proximity to that object or person; or(C) any other undeveloped means.
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