All Posts - Blogs - Peacepink3

#585 Another Bill Against Illegal Chip Implants passed by California, North Dakota and Wisconsin

Posted by treelaw45 TI on July 3, 2009 at 1:12am

#585 Another Bill Against Illegal Chip Implants passed by California, North Dakota and WisconsinThe Bill anticipates everything -- employers compelling implantation as a condition of employment; the use of threats and coercion to keep implantees silent; attempts at sidestepping prosecution by claiming that the Statute of Limitations has expired; attempts at eluding detection by implanting children without the parents' knowledge or permission; etc. etc. Very nice.This went to the PA House State Government Committee in early April 2009. According to PA House news releases on June 19th, it's now cleared that Committee and has been moved to the floor of the full House for a vote.Note in the following excerpt from one of these news releases that these Pennsylvania legislators got their ideas from similar legislation passed in California, North Dakota and Wisconsin.http://www.pahouse.com/WeekinReview/09/000061909.asp================="The House State Government Committee has approved a bill (H.B. 1175) introduced by state Rep. Babette Josephs that would prohibit a person from requiring, coercing or compelling another person to be surgically tagged with an identification device. Currently, Pennsylvania has no law prohibiting the forced implantation of identification devices, though Josephs said that numerous threats to personal health, privacy and civil liberty had been brought to the nation's attention by other states. California, North Dakota and Wisconsin have already passed legislation to create civil penalties and cause for action for damages resulting from such coerced procedures."=================

Those responsible for torture, murder, financial crimes.. IRS TAX Form to investigate the perpetrator

Posted by ron on July 2, 2009 at 9:54pm

The USA wants the money that was stolen returned.The most powerful legal lawyers in the USA- The Internal Revenue Service- USE THIS FORM to have your perp investigated and brought to justiceIRS Tax fraud investigation form for those who have tortured, murdered, and stolen money from good Americans as well as the Internal Revenue Service.Use This Form from the IRS to report those that have stolen money from you as well as the IRS and countless others:https://peacepink.ning.com/forum/attachment/download?id=2351430%3AUploadedFi38%3A20386Has the perpetrator who is direted energy victimizing you reported the income to the Federal Govt? Or has it been stolen from you and moved offshore to a foreing bank?Those using directed energy weapons for profit will now be looked at very close. Mind control weapons used to steal money and assets from Americahttp://snardfarker.ning.com/forum/attachment/download?id=2649739%3AUploadedFi38%3A76902

Those using directed energy weapons for profit will now be looked at very close. Mind control weapons used to steal money and assets from America

Posted by ron on July 2, 2009 at 8:40pm

The USA wants the money that was stolen returned.Those using directed energy weapons for profit will now be looked at very close. Mind control weapons used to steal money and assets from Americahttp://snardfarker.ning.com/forum/attachment/download?id=2649739%3AUploadedFi38%3A76902

#584 Pa USA's Bill against illegal chip implants

Posted by treelaw45 TI on July 2, 2009 at 6:14pm

#584 Pa USA's Bill against illegal chip implantshttp://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2009&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=1175&pn=1404PRINTER'S NO. 1404THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIAHOUSE BILLNo. 1175 Session of2009INTRODUCED BY JOSEPHS, RAPP, ROAE, CREIGHTON, REICHLEY, FRANKEL,GIBBONS, GEORGE, DENLINGER, KAUFFMAN, KORTZ, MELIO, PRESTON,WHEATLEY AND YOUNGBLOOD, APRIL 3, 2009REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON STATE GOVERNMENT, APRIL 3, 2009AN ACTProviding for identification devices and for subcutaneousimplanting; and imposing civil penalties.The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniahereby enacts as follows:Section 1. Short title.This act shall be known and may be cited as theIdentification Device Act.Section 2. Definitions.The following words and phrases when used in this act shallhave the meanings given to them in this section unless thecontext clearly indicates otherwise:"Identification device." Any item, application or productthat is passively or actively capable of transmitting personalinformation, including, but not limited to, devices using radiofrequency technology."Person." An individual, business association, partnership,limited partnership, corporation, limited liability company,trust, estate, cooperative association or other entity."Personal information." Includes any of the following dataelements to the extent that they are used alone or inconjunction with any other information used to identify anindividual:(1) First or last name.(2) Address.(3) Telephone number.(4) E-mail, Internet protocol or Internet websiteaddress.(5) Date of birth.(6) Driver's license number or State identification cardnumber.(7) Bank, credit card or other financial institutionaccount number.(8) Any unique personal identifier contained or encodedon a health insurance, health benefit or benefit card orrecord issued in conjunction with any government-supportedaid program.(9) Religion.(10) Ethnicity or nationality.(11) Photograph.(12) Fingerprint or other biometric identifier.(13) Social Security number.(14) Any unique personal identifier."Require, coerce or compel." Includes physical violence,threat, intimidation, retaliation, the conditioning of anyprivate or public benefit or care on consent to implantation,including employment, promotion or other employment benefit, orby any means that causes a reasonable person of ordinary20090HB1175PN1404 - 2 -susceptibilities to acquiesce to implantation when the personotherwise would not."Subcutaneous." Existing, performed or introduced under oron the skin.Section 3. General rule.A person shall not require, coerce or compel any otherindividual to undergo the subcutaneous implanting of anidentification device.Section 4. Penalties.(1) Any person who violates this act is subject to civilpenalties of up to $10,000. The civil penalty shall be nomore than $1,000 for each day the violation continues untilthe deficiency is corrected. That civil penalty may beassessed and recovered in a civil action brought in any courtof competent jurisdiction. The court may also grant aprevailing plaintiff reasonable attorney fees and litigationcosts, including, but not limited to, expert witness fees andexpenses as part of the costs.(2) A person who is implanted with a subcutaneousidentification device in violation of this act may bring acivil action for actual damages, compensatory damages,punitive damages, injunctive relief, any combination of thoseor any other appropriate relief.(3) Punitive damages may also be awarded upon proof ofthe defendant's malice, oppression, fraud or duress inrequiring, coercing or compelling the plaintiff to undergothe subcutaneous implanting of an identification device.Section 5. Limitations.(1) An action brought pursuant to this section shall becommenced within three years of the date upon which the20090HB1175PN1404 - 3 -identification device was implanted.(2) If the victim was a dependent adult or minor whenthe implantation occurred, actions brought pursuant to thissection shall be commenced within three years after the datethe plaintiff, or the plaintiff's guardian or parent,discovered or reasonably should have discovered the implant,or within eight years after the plaintiff attains the age ofmajority, whichever date occurs later.(3) The statute of limitations shall not run against adependent adult or minor plaintiff simply because a guardianad litem has been appointed. A guardian ad litem's failure tobring a plaintiff's action within the applicable limitationperiod will not prejudice the plaintiff's right to do so.(4) A defendant is estopped to assert a defense of thestatute of limitations when the expiration of the statute isdue to conduct by the defendant inducing the plaintiff todelay filing of the action, or due to threats made by thedefendant causing duress upon the plaintiff.Section 6. Restitution.Any restitution paid by the defendant to the victim shall becredited against any judgment, award or settlement obtainedpursuant to this section. Any judgment, award or settlementobtained pursuant to an action under this section shall besubject to the provisions of 42 Pa.C.S. (relating to Judiciaryand Judicial Procedure).Section 7. Privacy.The provisions of this act shall be liberally construed so asto protect privacy and bodily integrity.Section 8. Independent action.Actions brought pursuant to this act are independent of any20090HB1175PN1404 - 4 -other actions, remedies or procedures that may be available toan aggrieved party pursuant to any other law.Section 9. Existing law.This section shall not in any way modify existing statutoryor case law regarding the rights of parents or guardians, therights of children or minors or the rights of dependent adults.Section 10. Effective date.This act shall take effect in 60 days.20090HB1175PN1404 - 5 -

#584 Jim Guest of Mo USA bill Against Illegal Chip Implants

Posted by treelaw45 TI on July 2, 2009 at 5:38pm

#584 Jim Guest of Mo USA bill Against Illegal Chip Implantshttp://www.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills091/biltxt/intro/HB0550I.htmFIRST REGULAR SESSIONHOUSE BILL NO. 55095TH GENERAL ASSEMBLYINTRODUCED BY REPRESENTATIVES GUEST (Sponsor), RUESTMAN, McGHEE, PACE, SCHAAF AND SANDER (Co-sponsors).1069L.01I D. ADAM CRUMBLISS, Chief ClerkAN ACTTo amend chapter 537, RSMo, by adding thereto one new section relating to actions for damages for coerced subcutaneous implantation of an identification device.Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Missouri, as follows:Section A. Chapter 537, RSMo, is amended by adding thereto one new section, to be known as section 537.043, to read as follows:537.043. 1. As used in this section, the following terms shall mean:(1) "Identification device", any item, application, or product that is passively or actively capable of transmitting personal information, including but not limited to, devices using radio frequency technology or any electronic device used to track, harass, or download information without permission;(2) "Person", an individual, business association, partnership, limited partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate, cooperative association, or other entity;(3) "Personal information", includes any of the following data elements to the extent they are used alone or in conjunction with any other information used to identify an individual:(a) E-mail, internet protocol, or web site address;(b) Date of birth;(c) Driver's license number or Missouri identification card number;(d) Any unique personal identifier number contained or encoded on a driver's license or identification card issued;(e) Bank, credit card, or other financial institution account number;(f) Any unique personal identifier contained or encoded on a health insurance, health benefit, or benefit card or record issued in conjunction with any government-supported aid program;(g) Religion;(h) Ethnicity or nationality;(i) Photograph;(j) Fingerprint or other biometric identifier;(k) Social Security number;(l) Any other unique personal identifier;(4) "Require, coerce, or compel", includes physical violence, threat, intimidation, retaliation, the conditioning of any private or public benefit or care on consent to implantation, including employment, promotion, or other employment benefit, or by any means that causes a reasonable person of ordinary susceptibilities to acquiesce to implantation when he or she otherwise would not, but does not include legitimate medical uses for which the patient or his or her guardian or parent has consented;(5) "Subcutaneous", existing, performed, or introduced under or on the skin.2. A person shall not require, coerce, or compel any other individual to undergo the subcutaneous implanting of an identification device.3. Any person who violates the provisions of subsection 2 of this section may be assessed an initial civil penalty of no more than ten thousand dollars and no more than one thousand dollars for each day the violation continues until the deficiency is corrected. That civil penalty may be assessed and recovered in a civil action brought in any court of competent jurisdiction. The court may also grant a prevailing plaintiff reasonable attorney's fees and litigation costs, including but not limited to, expert witness fees and expenses as part of the costs.4. A person who is implanted with a subcutaneous identification device in violation of the provisions of subsection 2 of this section may bring a civil action for actual damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, injunctive relief, any combination of those, or any other appropriate relief.5. Additionally, punitive damages may also be awarded upon proof of the defendant's malice, oppression, fraud, or duress in requiring, coercing, or compelling the plaintiff to undergo the subcutaneous implanting of an identification device.6. An action brought under this section shall be commenced within three years of the date upon which the identification device was implanted.7. If the victim was an incompetent, a dependent adult, or minor when the implantation occurred, actions brought under this section shall be commenced within three years after the date the plaintiff, or his or her guardian or parent, discovered or reasonably should have discovered the implant, or within eight years after the plaintiff attains the age of majority, whichever date occurs later.8. The statute of limitations shall not run against an incompetent, a dependent adult, or minor plaintiff simply because a guardian ad litem has been appointed. A guardian ad litem's failure to bring a plaintiff's action within the applicable limitation period will not prejudice the plaintiff's right to do so.9. A defendant is estopped from asserting a defense of the statute of limitations when the expiration of the statute is due to conduct by the defendant inducing the plaintiff to delay the filing of the action, or due to threats made by the defendant causing duress upon the plaintiff.10. For purposes of implantation only, any interested person may file a petition for an order or judgment declaring an incompetent or minor free from the control of a parent or guardian who is requiring or preventing implantation of an identification device. The court shall consider that petition in light of applicable law with respect to the best interests of the incompetent or minor.11. Any restitution paid by the defendant to the victim shall be credited against any judgment, award, or settlement obtained under this section.12. The provisions of this section shall be liberally construed so as to protect privacy and bodily integrity.13. Actions brought under this section are independent of any other actions, remedies, or procedures that may be available to an aggrieved party under any other law.14. The provisions of this section shall not in any way modify existing statutory or case law regarding the rights of parents or guardians, the rights of children or minors, or the rights of dependent adults.•

#583 MTV's The Hills Stars"Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt" on The Alex Jones Show Utube

Posted by treelaw45 TI on July 2, 2009 at 4:59am

#583 MTV's The Hills Stars"Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt" on The Alex Jones Show UtubeThis came down off of another groupMTV's The Hills Stars"Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt" on The Alex Jones ShowYoutubeJuly 01, 2009Alex welcomes reality MTV stars Spencer Pratt and Heidi Montag to discuss their awakening to the New World Order.1/5http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=jyMA8WnRRrs2/5http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=yq4ds7UhOaI3/5http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=gXIcAZYdGwI4/5http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=i44o6reC7_ c5/5http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=3aV7R_BFnkoRelated:------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -Hollywood Gossip Websites Cover Appearance of Pratts on Alex Jones' ShowIinfowars | It took didn't take long for the corporate media gossip machine to crank out hit pieces aimed at Spencer Pratt and Heidi Montag Pratt after they appeared on the Alex Jones Show.http://www.infowars .com/hollywood- gossip-websites- cover-appearance -of-pratts- on-alex-jones- show/

#581 We are close to the event horizon

Posted by treelaw45 TI on June 30, 2009 at 6:11pm

#581 We are close to the event horizonIt might be true for the moment that those that care about us are at risk for vicarious trama if they believe in our torture. It hurts them to think we are being hurt and tormented. It is easier and safer for them to ingone it or beleive it isn't happening.As more and more of us speak up though this crime will enter the mind set of the public. When they begin to hear of others saying the same thing it will be easier for them to accept.I was reading about Martin Luther King the orther day in connection with COINTELPRO and the similarities were all to apparent. They recorded his private life and sent him a tape recording of him having an affair in a hotel room and told him to kill himself. They tried everything in the world to stop him from uniting people in peacful demonstrations. Someone stabbed him and then he was of course sabotaged and then assassinated.Now look at who we have for president and a man elected by citizen campaign donations at that. Not sponsored be the wealthy and powerful. If there is a chance to expose the level of surveillance and control on the common man it is now, before it is to late, while the Internet is still open and free. We are close to the event horizon, the point of no return to the end of individual rights, it's now or possibley never.Peter Rosenholm

Pastor welcomes guns in church Unloaded weapons allowed at event celebrating Second Amendment, Southern Proverty Law Center Active U.S. Hate Groups, Intelligence Report Invisible Empire

Posted by Metric Clay on June 30, 2009 at 1:12am

MSN Tracking ImageMSNBC.comhttp://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31586660/ns/us_news-faith/?GT1=43001Pastor welcomes guns in churchUnloaded weapons allowed at event celebrating Second AmendmentThe Associated Pressupdated 11:27 p.m. CT, Sat., June 27, 2009LOUISVILLE, Ky. - A gun-toting Kentucky pastor says it's OK to bring weapons to church — at least for one day.Ken Pagano asked his flock to bring their unloaded handguns — in holsters — to New Bethel Church in Louisville for a celebration of the Second Amendment of the U.S. Consitution that guarantees the right to bear arms.More than 200 people answered his call. There was just one rule for the several dozen who brought their guns along: No bullets."We are wanting to send a message that there are legal, civil, intelligent and law-abiding citizens who also own guns," Pagano said during the 90-minute event, which was open to the public. "If it were not for a deep-seated belief in the right to bear arms, this country would not be here today," he told the crowd, drawing hearty applause and exclamations of "Amen!"The "Open Carry Celebration" included a handgun raffle, patriotic music and screening of gun safety videos. Some gun owners carried old-fashioned six-shooters in leather holsters, while others packed modern police-style firearms. Kentucky allows residents to openly carry guns in public with some restrictions."I just believe in the right to protect ourselves," said Liz Boyer, who had a bright pink Glock in a black holster at her side. The 41-year-old isn't a member of the church but teaches a class on gun safety for women at a local range.Brittany Rogers, 23, feared guns as a child. But her fiance encouraged her to go sport shooting with him about a year ago, and she said she has been hooked ever since. On Saturday, she brought her tiny Kel-Tec P-32 to church."It was a fear of the unknown," Rogers said, "but now I love it."Pagano's Protestant church, which attracts up to 150 people to Sunday services in a conservative neighborhood of southwest Louisville, belongs to the Assemblies of God. He thought up the event after some church members expressed concern about members of President Barack Obama administration's views on gun control, though the president hasn't moved to put new restrictions on ownership.Across town, a coalition of peace and church groups concerned about Pagano's appeal to gun owners staged their own gun-free event."I think when people first learned about this invitation to wear guns to church, many people were deeply troubled," said Terry Taylor, one of the organizers. "The idea of wearing guns to churches or any sacred space I think many people find deeply troubling."Pagano's event also troubled his church's longtime insurance carrier, which declined to insure the event and informed him it won't renew the policy. He found a new carrier at a cost of $700 for the day, but guns had to be unloaded.Despite that snag, he said the event went off without a hitch. Asked what type of gun he himself was carrying, he smiled and touched a bulge on his hip."Cell phone," he said.Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.URL: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31586660/ns/us_news-faith/?GT1=43001MSN Privacy . Legal© 2009 MSNBC.comActive U.S. Hate GroupsStand Strong Against HateJoin people across the nation who are standing strong against hate. Add yourself to our map as a voice for tolerance.The Southern Poverty Law Center counted 926 active hate groups in the United States in 2008. Only organizations and their chapters known to be active during 2008 are included.All hate groups have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics.This list was compiled using hate group publications and websites, citizen and law enforcement reports, field sources and news reports.Hate group activities can include criminal acts, marches, rallies, speeches, meetings, leafleting or publishing. Websites appearing to be merely the work of a single individual, rather than the publication of a group, are not included in this list. Listing here does not imply a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity. Download a PDF of the entire map.Intelligence ReportSummer 2009http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=1052#EditorialResurgence on the RightBy Mark Potok, EditornullAs the first months of the Obama Administration unfold, a growing consensus is emerging that a resurgence of right-wing hate groups and radical ideas is spreading across the United States. Law enforcement officials, civil rights groups, and many others have all expressed worries about this troubling trend.This February, in the last issue of the Intelligence Report, the Southern Poverty Law Center reported on the continued growth of hate groups, whose numbers have risen by more than 50% since 2000. It attributed that growth mainly to fears about non-white immigration, but pointed out that the rise of a black man to the White House also appears to have contributed. And it said the ongoing economic meltdown, which some have already blamed on racial minorities and undocumented Latino immigrants, could well add to a worsening situation.Two months later, a Department of Homeland Security report, "Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment," was leaked to the press. Dated April 7, the report mirrored many of the conclusions of the SPLC and added that "rightwing extremists [could] attempt to recruit and radicalize returning [military] veterans." (The Report has written extensively about the problem of extremists in the military.)Already, there is evidence of the violence that an expansion of the radical right may portend. Some of it is chilling.* In late April, a man shot to death two Okaloosa County, Fla., sheriff's deputies responding to a domestic disturbance call. Officials said Joshua Cartwright was interested in militia groups and that his wife told police that he was "severely disturbed" by Obama's election.* Three days before the DHS report was issued, a gunman in Pittsburgh killed three police officers. Internet postings by the suspect in the months before the murders suggest the man was motivated by racist and anti-Semitic ideology, antigovernment conspiracy theories, and a fear that Obama would pass confiscatory gun laws.* Around the same time, a Marine who had earlier been arrested for armed robberies near Camp Lejeune, N.C., was indicted for threatening Obama. Kody Brittingham's journal allegedly contained neo-Nazi propaganda and a plan to assassinate the then president-elect.* On Jan. 21, the day after Obama's inauguration, a white man in Brockton, Mass., allegedly murdered two black people and planned to kill as many Jews as he could that night. Police said the man told them he'd been reading white supremacist websites and believed that whites were facing a genocide.* Last December, a woman who had just shot her husband to death in Belfast, Maine, told police that James Cummings was "very upset" with Obama's election, had been in touch with white supremacist groups, and had talked of building a "dirty bomb" chock full of deadly radioactive materials. Police found many of the components for that bomb, along with an application for the neo-Nazi National Socialist Movement filled out by Cummings.* And in late October, two racist skinheads were arrested in Tennessee and charged in connection with an alleged plot to murder more than 100 black Americans, beheading some of them, and then to assassinate Obama.The government report was met with howls of outrage from pundits, politicians and others on the right who characterized it as an attack on conservatives and veterans — an absurd contention for anyone who actually read the document.Televangelist Pat Robertson, the gay-bashing founder of the Christian Coalition, even said the DHS report "shows somebody down in the bowels of that organization is either a convinced left winger or somebody whose sexual orientation is somewhat in question."These expressions of anger were disingenuous at best. The reality is that many of these same people have done their best to pour fuel on the flames of incipient antigovernment fury, feeding the same kind of white-hot popular anger that animated the militia movement of the 1990s, with all its violence.MSNBC commentator Pat Buchanan recently said Obama would face a "bloodbath" if he legalized undocumented workers. U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) fears Obama will set up "re-education camps for young people." U.S. Rep. Spencer Bachus (R-Ala.) warns there are 17 "socialists" in the Congress. FOX News' Glenn Beck calls Obama a fascist, a Nazi and a Marxist, and even refloated militia-era conspiracy theories about secret concentration camps for patriots.People like Beck — who described himself as a mere "rodeo clown" when he was called out on such statements — may be craven opportunists pandering for ratings. It really doesn't matter. Their lunatic rants, planted in the rich soil of social discontent, make it that much harder for our country to advance toward a better future.You can support Wikipedia by making a tax-deductible donation.Ku Klux Klanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_Klux_Klan&printable=yesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search"KKK" redirects here. For other uses, see KKK (disambiguation).This article or section has multiple issues. Please help improve the article or discuss these issues on the talk page.* Its introduction may be too long. Tagged since May 2009.* It may be too long. Some content may need to be summarized or split. Tagged since April 2009.* It may need a complete rewrite to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since April 2009.Semi-protectedKu Klux KlanIn Existence1st Klan 1865–1870s2nd Klan 1915–19443rd Klan1 since 1946Members1st Klan 550,0002nd Klan 4,000,000[1] (1924 Peak)PropertiesOrigin United States of AmericaPolitical ideology White supremacyWhite nationalismPolitical position Far right1The 3rd Klan is decentralized, with approx. 179 chapters.Ku Klux Klan (KKK), informally known as The Klan, is the name of several past and present secret militant organizations in the United States whose avowed purpose was to protect the rights of and further the interests of white Americans by violence and intimidation. The first such organizations originated in the Southern states and eventually grew to national scope. They developed iconic white costumes consisting of robes, masks, and conical hats. The KKK has a record of using terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to murder and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions.The first Klan was founded in 1865 by Tennessee veterans of the Confederate Army. Groups spread throughout the South. Its purpose was to restore white supremacy in the aftermath of the American Civil War. The Klan resisted Reconstruction by assaulting, murdering and intimidating freedmen and white Republicans. In 1870 and 1871 the federal government passed the Force Acts, which were used to prosecute Klan crimes. Prosecution and enforcement suppressed Klan activity. In 1874 and later, however, newly organized and openly active paramilitary organizations such as the White League and Red Shirts started a fresh round of violence aimed at suppressing Republican voting and running Republicans out of office. These contributed to white Democrats regaining political power in the southern states.In 1915, the second Klan was founded. It grew rapidly in a period of postwar social tensions, where industrialization in the North attracted numerous waves of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and the Great Migration of Southern blacks and whites. In reaction, the second KKK preached racism, anti-Catholicism, anti-Communism, nativism, and anti-Semitism. Some local groups took part in lynchings, attacks on private houses, and other violent activities. The Klan committed the most murders and violence in the South, which had a tradition of lawlessness.[3]The second Klan was a formal fraternal organization, with a national and state structure. At its peak in the mid-1920s, the organization included about 15% of the nation's eligible population, approximately 4–5 million men.[4] Internal divisions and external opposition brought about a sharp decline in membership, which had dropped to about 30, 000 by 1930. The Klan's popularity fell further during the Great Depression and World War II.[5]The name Ku Klux Klan has since been used by many independent groups opposing the Civil Rights Movement and desegregation, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. During this period, they often forged alliances with Southern police departments, as in Birmingham, Alabama; or with governor's offices, as with George Wallace of Alabama.[6] Several members of KKK-affiliated groups were convicted of murder in the deaths of civil rights workers and children in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, and the assassination of NAACP organizer Medgar Evers, and three civil rights workers in Mississippi. Today, researchers estimate there may be more than 150 Klan chapters with 5, 000-8, 000 members nationwide. The U.S. government classifies them as hate groups, with operations in separated small local units.Contents[hide]* 1 First Klan 1865–1874o 1.1 Creationo 1.2 Activitieso 1.3 Decline and suppressiono 1.4 Resistance* 2 Disfranchisement and Great Migration* 3 Portrayal in 19th-century culture* 4 The second Klan 1915–1944o 4.1 Creationo 4.2 The Birth of a nationo 4.3 Leo Franko 4.4 Blaine Amendmentso 4.5 Prohibitiono 4.6 Memberso 4.7 Activitieso 4.8 Political influenceo 4.9 Resistance and decline* 5 Later Klans, 1950 through 1960s* 6 Since the 1970s* 7 Vocabulary* 8 See also* 9 Footnotes* 10 Bibliographyo 10.1 Further reading* 11 External linksFirst Klan 1865–1874CreationA cartoon threatening the KKK will lynch carpetbaggers, in the Independent Monitor, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1868.Six middle-class Confederate veterans from Pulaski, Tennessee, created the original Ku Klux Klan on December 24, 1865, in the immediate aftermath of the American Civil War.[7] They made up the name by combining the Greek kyklos (κυκλος, circle) with clan.[8] The Ku Klux Klan was one among a number of secret, oath-bound organizations using violence, including the Southern Cross in New Orleans (1865), and the Knights of the White Camellia (1867) in Louisiana.[9]Historians generally see the KKK as part of the postwar violence related not only to the high rate of veterans in the population, but also to their effort to control the dramatically changed social situation by using extrajudicial means in order to restore white supremacy. In 1866, Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey reported that disorder, lack of control and lawlessness were widespread; in some states armed bands of Confederate soldiers roamed at will. The Klan used public violence against blacks as intimidation. They burned houses, and attacked and killed blacks whose bodies were left on the roads.[10]More recently, historian Bob Brewer has suggested that the Knights of the Golden Circle (KGC) were a precursor to the KKK.[11] Most recruits to the KGC were in Southwest, in Texas and New Mexico, however, where they formed private militias to carry out raids in actions that people hoped would extend slave territory after the Mexican War. While some sympathizers and recruits to the KGC were found during the Civil War in the states bordering the Ohio River, the organization was considered dissolved before the end of the war.A political cartoon depicting the KKK and the Democratic Party as continuations of the ConfederacyIn an 1867 meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, Klan members gathered to try to create a hierarchical organization with local chapters eventually reporting up to a national headquarters. They elected Brian A. Scates to be the Leader and President of this organization. Since most of the Klan's members were veterans, they were used to the hierarchical structure of the organization, but in fact the Klan never operated under this structure. Former Confederate Brigadier General George Gordon developed the Prescript, or Klan dogma. The Prescript suggested elements of white supremacist belief. For instance, an applicant should be asked if he was in favor of "a white man's government", "the reenfranchisement and emancipation of the white men of the South, and the restitution of the Southern people to all their rights."[12]Gordon supposedly told former slave trader and Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest in Memphis, Tennessee, about the Klan. Forrest allegedly responded, "That's a good thing; that's a damn good thing. We can use that to keep the niggers in their place."[13] A few weeks later, Forrest was selected as Grand Wizard, the Klan's national leader, though he always denied his leadership.Nathan Bedford ForrestIn an 1868 newspaper interview, Forrest stated that the Klan's primary opposition was to the Loyal Leagues, Republican state governments, people like Tennessee governor Brownlow and other carpetbaggers and scalawags. He argued that many southerners believed that blacks were voting for the Republican Party because they were being hoodwinked by the Loyal Leagues.[14] One Alabama newspaper editor declared "The League is nothing more than a nigger Ku Klux Klan."[15]Despite Gordon's and Forrest's work, local Klan units never accepted the Prescript and continued to operate autonomously. There were never hierarchical levels or state headquarters. Klan members used violence to settle old feuds and local grudges, as they worked to restore white dominance in the disrupted postwar society. Historian Elaine Frantz Parsons commented on the make up of the membership:Lifting the Klan mask revealed a chaotic multitude of antiblack vigilante groups, disgruntled poor white farmers, wartime guerrilla bands, displaced Democratic politicians, illegal whiskey distillers, coercive moral reformers, sadists, rapists, white workmen fearful of black competition, employers trying to enforce labor discipline, common thieves, neighbors with decades-old grudges, and even a few freedmen and white Republicans who allied with Democratic whites or had criminal agendas of their own. Indeed, all they had in common, besides being overwhelmingly white, southern, and Democratic, was that they called themselves, or were called, Klansmen.[16]Historian Eric Foner observed:In effect, the Klan was a military force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of white supremacy. Its purposes were political, but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over the South during Reconstruction: to destroy the Republican party's infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore racial subordination in every aspect of Southern life.[17]To that end they worked to curb the education, economic advancement, voting rights, and right to keep and bear arms of blacks.[17] The Ku Klux Klan soon spread into nearly every southern state, launching a "reign of terror" against Republican leaders both black and white. Those political leaders assassinated during the campaign included Arkansas Congressman James M. Hinds, three members of the South Carolina legislature, and several men who served in constitutional conventions."[18]ActivitiesWikisourceWikisource has original text related to this article:Interview with Nathan Bedford ForrestKlan members adopted masks and robes that hid their identities and added to the drama of their night rides, their chosen time for attacks. Many of them operated in small towns and rural areas where people otherwise knew each other's faces, and sometimes still recognized the attackers. "The kind of thing that men are afraid or ashamed to do openly, and by day, they accomplish secretly, masked, and at night." With this method both the high and the low could be attacked.[19] The Ku Klux Klan night riders "sometimes claimed to be ghosts of Confederate soldiers so, as they claimed, to frighten superstitious blacks. Few freedmen took such nonsense seriously."[20][21]The Klan attacked black members of the Loyal Leagues and intimidated southern Republicans and Freedmen's Bureau workers. When they killed black political leaders, they also took heads of families, along with the leaders of churches and community groups, because people had many roles. Agents of the Freedmen's Bureau reported weekly assaults and murders of blacks. "Armed guerilla warfare killed thousands of Negroes; political riots were staged; their causes or occasions were always obscure, their results always certain: ten to one hundred times as many Negroes were killed as whites." Masked men shot into houses and burned them, sometimes with the occupants still inside. They drove successful black farmers off their land. Generally, it Canby reported that in North and South Carolina, in 18 months ending in June 1867, there were 197 murders and 548 cases of aggravated assault.[22]Klan violence worked to suppress black voting. As the following examples indicate, over 2, 000 persons were killed, wounded and otherwise injured in Louisiana within a few weeks prior to the Presidential election of November 1868. Although St. Landry Parish had a registered Republican majority of 1, 071, after the murders, no Republicans voted in the fall elections. White Democrats cast the full vote of the parish for Grant's opponent. The KKK killed and wounded more than 200 black Republicans, hunting and chasing them through the woods. Thirteen captives were taken from jail and shot; a half-buried pile of 25 bodies was found in the woods. The KKK made people vote Democratic and gave them certificates of the fact.[23]In the April 1868 Georgia gubernatorial election, Columbia County cast 1, 222 votes for Republican Rufus Bullock. By the November presidential election, however, Klan intimidation led to suppression of the Republican vote and only one person voted for Ulysses S. Grant.[24]Klansmen killed more than 150 African Americans in a county in Florida, and hundreds more in other counties. Freedmen's Bureau records provided a detailed recounting of beatings and murders of freedmen and their white allies by Klansmen.[25]Milder encounters also occurred. In Mississippi, according to the Congressional inquiry[26]One of these teachers (Miss Allen of Illinois), whose school was at Cotton Gin Port in Monroe County, was visited ... between one and two o'clock in the morning on March 1871, by about fifty men mounted and disguised. Each man wore a long white robe and his face was covered by a loose mask with scarlet stripes. She was ordered to get up and dress which she did at once and then admitted to her room the captain and lieutenant who in addition to the usual disguise had long horns on their heads and a sort of device in front. The lieutenant had a pistol in his hand and he and the captain sat down while eight or ten men stood inside the door and the porch was full. They treated her "gentlemanly and quietly" but complained of the heavy school-tax, said she must stop teaching and go away and warned her that they never gave a second notice. She heeded the warning and left the county.Three Ku Klux Klan members arrested in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, September 1871, for the attempted murder of an entire family.WikisourceWikisource has original text related to this article:Why the Ku KluxBy 1868, two years after the Klan's creation, its activity was beginning to decrease.[27] Members were hiding behind Klan masks and robes as a way to avoid prosecution for free-lance violence. Many influential southern Democrats feared that Klan lawlessness provided an excuse for the federal government to retain its power over the South, and they began to turn against it.[28] There were outlandish claims made, such as Georgian B. H. Hill stating "that some of these outrages were actually perpetrated by the political friends of the parties slain."[27]Decline and suppressionAlthough Forrest boasted that the Klan was a nationwide organization of 550,000 men and that he could muster 40,000 Klansmen within five days' notice, as a secret or "invisible" group, it had no membership rosters, no chapters, and no local officers. It was difficult for observers to judge its actual membership. It had created a sensation by the dramatic nature of its masked forays and because of its many murders.One Klan official complained that his, "so-called 'Chief'-ship was purely nominal, I having not the least authority over the reckless young country boys who were most active in 'night-riding,' whipping, etc., all of which was outside of the intent and constitution of the Klan..."[citation needed]In 1870 a federal grand jury determined that the Klan was a "terrorist organization".[29] It issued hundreds of indictments for crimes of violence and terrorism. Klan members were prosecuted, and many fled from areas that were under federal government jurisdiction, particularly in South Carolina.[30] Many people not formally inducted into the Klan had used the Klan's costume for anonymity, to hide their identities when carrying out acts of violence. Forrest ordered the Klan to disband in 1869, stating that it was "being perverted from its original honorable and patriotic purposes, becoming injurious instead of subservient to the public peace".[31] Historian Stanley Horn writes "generally speaking, the Klan's end was more in the form of spotty, slow, and gradual disintegration than a formal and decisive disbandment".[32] A reporter in Georgia wrote in January 1870, "A true statement of the case is not that the Ku Klux are an organized band of licensed criminals, but that men who commit crimes call themselves Ku Klux".[33]Gov. William Holden of North Carolina.While people used the Klan as a mask for nonpolitical crimes, state and local governments seldom acted against them. African Americans were kept off juries. In lynching cases, all-white juries almost never indicted Ku Klux Klan members. When there was a rare indictment, juries were unlikely to vote for a conviction. In part, jury members feared reprisals from local Klansmen.Others may have agreed with lynching as a way of keeping dominance over black men. In many states, officials were reluctant to use black militia against the Klan out of fear that racial tensions would be raised.[34] When Republican Governor of North Carolina William Woods Holden called out the militia against the Klan in 1870, it added to his unpopularity. Combined with violence and fraud at the polls, the Republicans lost their majority in the state legislature. Disaffection with Holden's actions led to white Democratic legislators' impeaching Holden and removing him from office, but their reasons were numerous.[35]ResistanceUnion Army veterans in mountainous Blount County, Alabama, organized 'the anti-Ku Klux.' They put an end to violence by threatening Klansmen with reprisals unless they stopped whipping Unionists and burning black churches and schools. Armed blacks formed their own defense in Bennettsville, South Carolina and patrolled the streets to protect their homes.[36]National sentiment gathered to crack down on the Klan, even though some Democrats at the national level questioned whether the Klan really existed or believed that it was just a creation of nervous Southern Republican governors.[37] Many southern states began to pass anti-Klan legislation.In January 1871, Pennsylvania Republican Senator John Scott convened a Congressional committee which took testimony from 52 witnesses about Klan atrocities. They accumulated 12 volumes of horrifying testimony. In February, former Union General and Congressman Benjamin Franklin Butler of Massachusetts introduced the Ku Klux Klan Act. This added to the enmity that southern white Democrats bore toward him.[38] While the bill was being considered, further violence in the South swung support for its passage. The Governor of South Carolina appealed for federal troops to assist his efforts in keeping control of the state. A riot and massacre in a Meridian, Mississippi, courthouse were reported, from which a black state representative escaped only by taking to the woods.[39]Benjamin Franklin Butler wrote the 1871 Klan Act.WikisourceWikisource has original text related to this article:Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871In 1871, President Ulysses S. Grant signed Butler's legislation. The Ku Klux Klan Act was used by the Federal government together with the 1870 Force Act to enforce the civil rights provisions for individuals under the constitution. Under the Klan Act, Federal troops were used for enforcement, and Klansmen were prosecuted in Federal court. More African Americans served on juries in Federal court than were selected for local or state juries, so they had a chance to participate in the process.[34] In the crackdown, hundreds of Klan members were fined or imprisoned. In South Carolina, habeas corpus was suspended in nine counties. The Klan was destroyed in South Carolina[28] and decimated throughout the rest of the South, where it had already been in decline. Attorney General Amos Tappan Ackerman led the prosecutions.[40] By 1872, the Klan was broken as an organization.[41] In some areas, other local paramilitary organizations such as the White League, Red Shirts, saber clubs, and rifle clubs continued to intimidate and murder black voters.[42] Although destroyed, the Klan achieved many of its goals, such as suppressing suffrage for Southern blacks and driving a wedge between poor whites and blacks.Despite the suppression of the Klan, violence continued against African Americans as whites struggled for power. On Easter Sunday 1873, black citizens fought a mixed political and racial battle against white militia in Colfax, Louisiana. The ostensible cause was an election contested at both the state and local levels. Each man elected sheriff claimed the local office. When black Republicans gathered at the courthouse, white militia gathered to force them to leave. Estimates of the number of African Americans killed overnight and into the next day ranged from 105 to 280. Some bodies were hidden in the woods or thrown in the river; others were buried before state and Federal troops arrived. African-American legislator John G. Lewis remarked, "They attempted (armed self-defense) in Colfax. The result was that on Easter Sunday of 1873, when the sun went down that night, it went down on the corpses of two hundred and eighty negroes."[43] The Colfax Massacre had the highest fatalities of any incident of racial violence during Reconstruction.The following year, organized white paramilitary groups formed in the Deep South: the White League in Louisiana (its first chapter formed following the Colfax Massacre), and the Red Shirts in Mississippi, North and South Carolina. They campaigned openly to turn Republicans out of office, intimidated and killed black voters, tried to disrupt organizing and suppress black voting. They were out in force during the campaigns and elections of 1874 and 1876, contributing to the conservative Democrats' regaining power in 1876, against a background of electoral violence.Shortly after, in United States v. Cruikshank (1875), the Supreme Court ruled that the few convictions achieved after the Colfax Massacre were faulty. It ruled that the Force Act of 1870 did not give the Federal government power to regulate private actions, but only those by state governments. The result was that as the century went on, African Americans were at the mercy of hostile state governments that refused to intervene against private violence and paramilitary groups.Whereas the number of indictments across the South was large, the number of cases leading to prosecution and sentencing was relatively small. The overloaded federal courts were not able to meet the demands of trying such a tremendous number of cases, a situation that led to selective pardoning. By late 1873 and 1874, most of the charges against Klansmen were dropped although new cases continued to be prosecuted for several more years. Most of those sentenced had either served their terms or been pardoned by 1875. The Supreme Court of the United States eviscerated the Ku Klux Act in 1876 by ruling that the federal government could no longer prosecute individuals although states would be forced to comply with federal civil rights provisions. Republicans passed a second civil rights act (the Civil Rights Act of 1875) to grant equal access to public facilities and other housing accommodations regardless of race. Ironically, the Klan during this period served to further Northern reconstruction efforts, as Ku Klux violence provided the political climate needed to pass civil rights protections for blacks. Although the Ku Klux Act of 1871 dismantled the first Klan, Southern whites formed other, similar groups that kept blacks away from the polls through intimidation and physical violence. Reconstruction ended with the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes, who suspended the federal military occupation of the South; yet blacks still found themselves without the basic civil liberties that the period had sought to secure.[44]In 1882, long after the Klan was destroyed, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Harris that the Klan Act was partially unconstitutional. It ruled that Congress's power under the Fourteenth Amendment did not extend to the right to regulate against private conspiracies.[45]As 20th-century Supreme Court rulings extended federal enforcement of citizens' civil rights, the Force Act and the Klan Act were used by federal prosecutors as the basis for investigations and indictments in the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner;[46] and the 1965 murder of Viola Liuzzo.[47] They were also the basis for prosecution in 1991 in Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic.Disfranchisement and Great MigrationMain article: Disfranchisement after the Civil WarThe nadir of American race relations is often placed from the end of reconstruction to the 1910s, especially in the South. Once white Democrats regained political power in state legislatures in the 1870s, they passed bills directed at restricting voter registration by blacks and poor whites. Continued low cotton prices, agricultural depression and labor shortages in the South contributed to social tensions. According to the Tuskegee Institute, the 1890s was also the peak decade for lynchings, with most of them directed against African Americans in the South. The lynchings were a byproduct of political tensions as white Democrats tried to strip blacks from voter rolls and also sought to suppress voting. Some of the violence was directed at trying to break up interracial coalitions that came to power in state legislatures in 1894, with alliances between Populist and Republican parties.[48] In 1896 the Democrats used fraud, violence and intimidation to suppress voting by poor classes, and regained power.From 1890 to 1908, ten of the eleven southern states ratified new constitutions or amendments that completed the disfranchisement of most African Americans and many poor whites. The constitutions had provisions making voter registration more complicated: such as poll taxes, residency requirements, recordkeeping, and literacy tests, which were often subjectively applied. In addition, multiple ballot boxes were sometimes used in the voting booths. The result was that blacks and poor whites in most southern states were deprived of suffrage, representation at any level of government, local elected offices, and the right to serve on juries (usually restricted to voters).[49] In most of the South, sweeping disfranchisement and white one-party government lasted until African Americans' leadership and activism in the Civil Rights Movement gained passage of Federal civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965.Beginning in 1910 and going through 1940, tens of thousands of African Americans decided to leave the South and its violence and segregation, in a movement known as the Great Migration. They went to northern and midwestern cities for jobs, better education for their children, a chance to vote, and the hopes of living with less violence. Northern industry recruited black workers because of a shortage of labor for expanding industries: for instance, the Pennsylvania Railroad hired 12, 000 men, all but 2, 000 of them from Florida and Georgia.[50]Portrayal in 19th-century cultureThe Sherlock Holmes short story "The Five Orange Pips," by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, was first published November 1891, after the demise of the first Klan and before the formation of the second. In the story, the villains are Klan members who blame the society's collapse on the uncle of Holmes' client, a former colonel in the Confederate army. The story includes an entry from "the American Encyclopaedia" that incorrectly explains the etymology of the name "Ku Klux Klan," saying it was "derived from the fanciful resemblance to the sound produced by cocking a rifle."The second Klan 1915–1944CreationMovie poster for The Birth of a NationThe second Klan rose in response to urbanization and industrialization, massive immigration from eastern and southern Europe, the Great Migration of African Americans to the North, and the migration of African Americans and whites from rural areas to Southern cities. The Klan grew most rapidly in cities which had high growth rates between 1910 and 1930, such as Detroit, Memphis, Dayton, Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston.[51]Its growth was also affected by mobilization for World War I and postwar tensions, especially in the cities where strangers came up against each other more often. Southern whites resented the arming of black soldiers. Black veterans did not want to go back to second class status.[52]This Klan modeled itself after other fraternal organizations created in the early decades of the 20th century. Organizers signed up hundreds of new members, who paid initiation fees and bought KKK costumes. The organizer kept half the money and sent the rest to state or national officials. When the organizer was done with an area, he organized a huge rally, often with burning crosses and perhaps presented a Bible to a local Protestant minister. He then left town with the money. The local units operated like many fraternal organizations and occasionally brought in speakers. Stanley Horn, a Southern historian sympathetic to the first Klan, was careful in an oral interview to distinguish it from the later "spurious Ku Klux organization which was in ill-repute — and, of course, had no connection whatsoever with the Klan of Reconstruction days".[53]An illustration from The Clansman: "Take dat f'um yo equal—"The accumulating social tensions that resulted from rapid change were sparked by events in 1915:* The film The Birth of a Nation was released, mythologizing and glorifying the first Klan.* Leo Frank, a Jewish man accused of the rape and murder of a young white girl named Mary Phagan, was tried, convicted and lynched near Atlanta against a backdrop of media frenzy.* The second Ku Klux Klan was founded in Atlanta with a new anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic agenda. The bulk of the founders were from an Atlanta-area organization calling itself the Knights of Mary Phagan that had organized around the Frank trial. The new organization emulated the fictionalized version of the Klan presented in The Birth of a Nation.The Birth of a nationDirector D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation glorified the original Klan. His film was based on the book and play The Clansman and the book The Leopard's Spots, both by Thomas Dixon. Dixon said his purpose was "to revolutionize northern sentiment by a presentation of history that would transform every man in my audience into a good Democrat!" The film created a nationwide Klan craze. At the official premier in Atlanta, members of the Klan rode up and down the street in front of the theater.[54]Much of the modern Klan's iconography, including the standardized white costume and the lighted cross, are derived from the film. Its imagery was based on Dixon's romanticized concept of old Scotland, as portrayed in the novels and poetry of Sir Walter Scott. The film's influence and popularity were enhanced by a widely reported endorsement by historian and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.President WilsonThe Birth of a Nation included extensive quotations from Woodrow Wilson's History of the American People, as if to give it a stronger basis. After seeing the film in a special White House screening, Wilson allegedly said, "It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true."[55] Given Wilson's views on race and the Klan, his statement was taken as supportive of the film. In later correspondence with Griffith, Wilson confirmed his enthusiasm. Wilson's remarks immediately became controversial. Wilson tried to remain aloof, but finally, on April 30, he issued a non-denial denial.[56] Historian Arthur Link quotes Wilson's aide, Joseph Tumulty: "the President was entirely unaware of the nature of the play before it was presented and at no time has expressed his approbation of it."[57]Leo FrankAnother event that influenced the Klan was sensational coverage of the trial, conviction and lynching of a Jewish factory manager from Atlanta named Leo Frank. In lurid newspaper accounts, Frank was accused of the rape and murder of Mary Phagan, a girl employed at his factory.The lynching of Leo FrankAfter a trial in Georgia in which a mob daily surrounded the courtroom, Frank was convicted. Because of the presence of the armed mob, the judge asked Frank and his counsel to stay away when the verdict was announced. Frank's appeals failed. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes dissented from other justices and condemned the mob's intimidation of the jury as the court's failing to provide due process to the defendant. After the governor commuted Frank's sentence to life imprisonment, a mob calling itself the Knights of Mary Phagan kidnapped Frank from prison and lynched him.The Frank trial was used skillfully by Georgia politician and publisher Thomas E. Watson, the editor for The Jeffersonian magazine. He was a leader in recreating the Klan and was later elected to the U.S. Senate. The new Klan was inaugurated in 1915 at a meeting led by William J. Simmons on top of Stone Mountain. A few aging members of the original Klan attended, along with members of the self-named Knights of Mary Phagan.Simmons stated that he had been inspired by the original Klan's Prescripts, written in 1867 by Confederate veteran George Gordon in an attempt to create a national organization. These were never adopted by the Klan, however.[58] The Prescript stated the Klan's purposes in idealistic terms, hiding the fact that its members committed acts of vigilante violence and murder from behind masks.Lender et al. state that the Klan's resurgence in the 1920s was aided by the temperance movement. They state that in Arkansas and elsewhere, the Klan opposed bootleggers, and in 1922, two hundred Klan members set fire to saloons in Union County. They further state that the national Klan office was finally established in Dallas, Texas, but that Little Rock, Arkansas was the home of the Women of the Ku Klux Klan. They go on to state that the first head of this auxiliary was a former president of the Arkansas WCTU.[59][verification needed]Stone Mountain, site of the founding of the second Klan in 1915.Blaine AmendmentsIn 1921, the Klan arrived in Oregon from central California and established the state's first klavern in Medford. In a state with one of the country's highest percentages of white residents, the Klan attracted up to 14, 000 members and established 58 klaverns by the end of 1922. Given the small population of non-white minorities outside Portland, the Oregon Klan directed attention almost exclusively against Catholics, who numbered about 8% of the population. In 1922, the Masonic Grand Lodge of Oregon sponsored a bill to require all school-age children to attend public schools. With support of the Klan and Democratic Governor Walter M. Pierce, endorsed by the Klan, the Compulsory Education Law was passed with a majority of votes. Its primary purpose was to shut down Catholic schools in Oregon, but it also affected other private and military schools.ProhibitionOne historian contends that the KKK’s "support for Prohibition represented the single most important bond between Klansmen throughout the nation".[60] Membership in the Klan and other prohibition groups overlapped, and they often coordinated activities. For example, Edward Young Clarke, a top leader of the Klan, raised funds for both the Klan and the Anti-Saloon League.[61] A man with his own demons, Clarke was indicted in 1923 for violations of the Mann Act.[62]MembersWilliam Joseph Simmons founded the second Ku Klux Klan in 1915.A significant characteristic of the second Klan was that it was an organization based in urban areas, reflecting the major shifts of population to cities in both the North and the South. In Michigan, for instance, 40, 000 members lived in Detroit, where they made up more than half of the state's membership. Most Klansmen were lower- to middle-class whites who were trying to protect their jobs and housing from the waves of newcomers to the industrial cities: immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who tended to be Catholic and Jewish in numbers higher than earlier groups of immigrants; and black and white migrants from the South. As new populations poured into cities, rapidly changing neighborhoods created social tensions. Because of the rapid pace of population growth in industrializing cities such as Detroit and Chicago, the Klan grew rapidly in the U.S. Midwest. The Klan also grew in booming Southern cities such as Dallas and Houston.[63]For some states, historians have obtained membership rosters of some local units and matched the names against city directory and local records to create statistical profiles of the membership. Big city newspapers were often hostile and ridiculed Klansmen as ignorant farmers. Detailed analysis from Indiana showed the rural stereotype was false for that state:Indiana's Klansmen represented a wide cross section of society: they were not disproportionately urban or rural, nor were they significantly more or less likely than other members of society to be from the working class, middle class, or professional ranks. Klansmen were Protestants, of course, but they cannot be described exclusively or even predominantly as fundamentalists. In reality, their religious affiliations mirrored the whole of white Protestant society, including those who did not belong to any church.[64]The Klan attracted people but most of them did not remain in the organization for long. Membership in the Klan turned over rapidly as people found out that it was not the group they wanted. Millions joined, and at its peak in the 1920s, the organization included about 15% of the nation's eligible population. The lessening of social tensions contributed to the Klan's decline.ActivitiesCross burning is said to have been introduced by William J. Simmons, the founder of the second Klan in 1915."The End" Referring to the end of Catholic influence in the US. Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty 1926Photograph on Page 4, February 1923 edition of The Good CitizenIn reaction to social changes, the Klan adopted anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Communist and anti-immigrant slants. The social unrest of the postwar period included labor strikes in response to low wages and poor working conditions in many industrial cities, often led by immigrants, who also organized unions. Klan members worried about labor organizers and the socialist leanings of some of the immigrants, which added to the tensions. They also resented upwardly mobile ethnic Catholics.[65] At the same time, in cities Klan members were themselves working in industrial environments and often struggled with working conditions.Klan groups lynched and murdered Black soldiers returning from World War I while they were still in military uniforms. The Klan warned Blacks that they must respect the rights of the white race "in whose country they are permitted to reside".[66] The number of lynchings escalated, and from 1918 to 1927, 416 African Americans were killed, mostly in the South.[67]When two black men attempted to vote in November 1920 in Ocoee, Florida, the Klan attacked the black community. In the ensuing violence, six black residents and two whites were killed, and twenty five black homes, two churches, and a fraternal lodge were destroyed.[67]Branford Clarke illustration in The Ku Klux Klan In Prophecy by Bishop Alma White published by the Pillar of Fire Church in 1925 at Zarephath, NJAlthough Klan members were concentrated in the South, Midwest and west, there were some members in New England, too. Klan members torched an African American school in Scituate, Rhode Island.[68]In the 1920s and 1930s, a violent and zealous faction of the Klan called the Black Legion was active in the Midwestern U.S..In southern cities such as Birmingham, Alabama, Klan members kept control of access to the better-paying industrial jobs but opposed unions. During the 1930s and 1940s, Klan leaders urged members to disrupt the Congress of Industrial Organizations(CIO), which advocated industrial unions and was open to African-American members. With access to dynamite and skills from their jobs in mining and steel, in the late 1940s some Klan members in Birmingham began using bombings to intimidate upwardly mobile blacks who moved into middle-class neighborhoods. "By mid-1949, there were so many charred house carcasses that the area [College Hills] was informally named Dynamite Hill." Independent Klan groups remained active in Birmingham and were deeply engaged in violent opposition to the Civil Rights Movement.[69]Political influenceSheet music to "We Are All Loyal Klansmen", 1923The Good Citizen July 1926 Published by Pillar of Fire ChurchBranford Clarke illustration in Heroes of the Fiery Cross 1928The Klan had major political influence in several states and was influential mostly in the center of the country. The Klan spread from the South into the Midwest and Northern states, and into Canada where there was a large movement against Catholic immigrants.[70] At its peak, Klan membership exceeded four million and comprised 20% of the adult white male population in many broad geographic regions, and 40% in some areas. Most of the Klan's membership resided in Midwestern states.In another well-known example from the same year, the Klan decided to turn Anaheim, California, into a model Klan city. It secretly took over the City Council, but the city conducted a special recall election and Klan members were voted out.[71]Klan delegates played a significant role at the path-setting 1924 Democratic National Convention in New York City, often called the "Klanbake Convention". The convention initially pitted Klan-backed candidate William Gibbs McAdoo against Catholic New York Governor Al Smith. After days of stalemates and rioting, both candidates withdrew in favor of a compromise. Klan delegates defeated a Democratic Party platform plank that would have condemned their organization.In some states, such as Alabama, the KKK worked for political and social reform.[72] The state's Klansmen were among the foremost advocates of better public schools, effective prohibition enforcement, expanded road construction, and other "progressive" political measures. In many ways these reforms benefited lower class white people. By 1925, the Klan was a political force in the state, as leaders like J. Thomas Heflin, David Bibb Graves, and Hugo Black manipulated the KKK membership against the power of Black Belt planters who had long dominated the state.Black was elected senator in 1926 and later became a Supreme Court Justice. In 1926, with Klan support, a former Klan chapter head named Bibb Graves won the Alabama governor's office. He pushed for increased education funding, better public health, new highway construction, and pro-labor legislation. Because the Alabama state legislature refused to redistrict until 1972, however, even the Klan was unable to break the planters' and rural areas' hold on power.Resistance and declineDutch propaganda poster from 1944, showing a Ku Klux Klan hood and a lynching nooseMany groups and leaders, including prominent Protestant ministers such as Reinhold Niebuhr in Detroit, spoke out against the Klan. In response to blunt attacks against Jewish Americans and the Klan's campaign to illegalize private schools, the Jewish Anti-Defamation League was formed after the lynching of Leo Frank. When one civic group began to publish Klan membership lists, the number of members quickly declined. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People carried on public education campaigns in order to inform people about Klan activities and lobbied against Klan abuses in Congress. After its peak in 1925, Klan membership began to decline rapidly in most areas of the Midwest.[63]In the second wave of the Great Migration, from 1940-1970 another five million blacks left the South for northern, midwestern and western cities. Due to the buildup of its defense industries, California was a new destination for this migration, especially for those African Americans from Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. They refused to tolerate for any longer the miserable conditions and economic situation in the South.In Alabama, KKK vigilantes, thinking that they had governmental protection, launched a wave of physical terror in 1927, targeting both blacks and whites who had violated racial norms and for perceived moral lapses.[73] The state's conservative elite counterattacked. Grover C. Hall, Sr., editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, began publishing a series of editorials and articles that attacked the Klan for its "racial and religious intolerance". Hall won a Pulitzer Prize for his crusade.[74] Other newspapers kept up a steady, loud attack on the Klan, referring to the organization as violent and "un-American". Sheriffs cracked down. In the 1928 presidential election, the state voted for the Democratic candidate Al Smith, although he was Catholic. Klan membership in Alabama dropped to less than six thousand by 1930. Small independent units continued to be active in Birmingham, where in the late 1940s, members launched a reign of terror by bombing the homes of upwardly mobile African Americans. KKK activism increased as a reaction against the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. (see below.)When D.C. Stephenson, the Grand Dragon of Indiana and 22 northern states, was convicted in 1925 of the notorious rape and murder of Madge Oberholtzer, the Klan declined dramatically in Indiana. Stephenson was convicted in a sensational trial. According to historian Leonard Moore, a leadership failure caused the organization's collapse:[75]Stephenson and the other salesmen and office seekers who maneuvered for control of Indiana's Invisible Empire lacked both the ability and the desire to use the political system to carry out the Klan's stated goals. They were disinterested in, or perhaps even unaware of, grass roots concerns within the movement. For them, the Klan had been nothing more than a means for gaining wealth and power. These marginal men had risen to the top of the hooded order because, until it became a political force, the Klan had never required strong, dedicated leadership. More established and experienced politicians who endorsed the Klan, or who pursued some of the interests of their Klan constituents, also accomplished little. Factionalism created one barrier, but many politicians had supported the Klan simply out of expedience. When charges of crime and corruption began to taint the movement, those concerned about their political futures had even less reason to work on the Klan's behalf.Imperial Wizard Hiram Wesley Evans sold the organization in 1939 to James Colescott, an Indiana veterinarian, and Samuel Green, an Atlanta obstetrician, but they were unable to staunch the exodus of members. In 1944, the IRS filed a lien for $685, 000 in back taxes against the Klan, and Colescott was forced to dissolve the organization in 1944.Ku Klux Klan members march down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. in 1928.After World War II, folklorist and author Stetson Kennedy infiltrated the Klan and provided information to media and law enforcement agencies. He also provided secret code words to the writers of the Superman radio program, resulting in episodes in which Superman took on the KKK. Kennedy's intention to strip away the Klan's mystique and trivialize the Klan's rituals and code words may have contributed to the decline in Klan recruiting and membership.[76] In the 1950s, Kennedy wrote a bestselling book about his experiences, which further damaged the Klan.[77]The following table shows the change in the Klan's estimated membership over time.[78] (The years given in the table represent approximate time periods.)Year Membership1920 4,000,0001924 6,000,0001930 30,0001980 5,0002008 6,000Later Klans, 1950 through 1960sSoviet propaganda poster ("Freedom, American style") (1950, by Nikolay Dolgorukov and Boris Efimov). It shows the Ku Klux Klan lynching blacks.The name "Ku Klux Klan" began to be used by several independent groups. Beginning in the 1950s, individual Klan groups began to resist the Civil Rights Movement by bombing houses in transitional neighborhoods and the houses of activists, as well as by physical violence, intimidation and assassination. In Birmingham, Alabama, during the tenure of Bull Connor, Klan groups were closely allied with the police and operated with impunity. There were so many bombings of homes by Klan groups that the city's nickname was "Bombingham". In states such as Alabama and Mississippi, Klan members forged alliances with governors' administrations.[6]Many murders went unreported and unprosecuted. Continuing disfranchisement of blacks meant that most could not serve on juries, which were all white. According to a report from the Southern Regional Council in Atlanta, the homes of forty black Southern families were bombed during 1951 and 1952. Some of the bombing victims were social activists whose work exposed them to danger, but most of them were either people who refused to bow to racist convention or were innocent bystanders, unsuspecting victims of random violence.[79]Among the more notorious murders by Klan members:* The 1951 Christmas Eve bombing of the home of NAACP activists Harry and Harriette Moore in Mims, Florida, resulting in their deaths.[80]* The 1957 murder of Willie Edwards, Jr. Klansmen forced Edwards to jump to his death from a bridge into the Alabama River.[81]* The 1963 assassination of NAACP organizer Medgar Evers in Mississippi. In 1994, former Ku Klux Klansman Byron De La Beckwith was convicted.* The 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, which killed four African-American girls. The perpetrators were Klan members Robert Chambliss, convicted in 1977, Thomas Blanton and Bobby Frank Cherry, convicted in 2001 and 2002. The fourth suspect, Herman Cash, died before he was indicted.* The 1964 murders of three civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in Mississippi. In June 2005, Klan member Edgar Ray Killen was convicted of manslaughter.[82]* The 1964 murder of two black teenagers, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore in Mississippi. In August 2007, based on the confession of Klansman Charles Marcus Edwards, James Ford Seale, a reputed Ku Klux Klansman, was convicted. Seale was sentenced to serve three life sentences.[83] Seale was a former Mississippi policeman and sheriff's deputy.[84]Violence at a Klan march in Mobile, Alabama, 1977* The 1965 Alabama murder of Viola Liuzzo. She was a Southern-raised Detroit mother of five who was visiting the state in order to attend a civil rights march. At the time of her murder Liuzzo was transporting Civil Rights Marchers.* The 1966 firebombing death of NAACP leader Vernon Dahmer Sr., 58, in Mississippi. In 1998 former Ku Klux Klan wizard Sam Bowers was convicted of his murder and sentenced to life. Two other Klan members were indicted with Bowers, but one died before trial, and the other's indictment was dismissed.There was also resistance to Klan violence. In a 1958 North Carolina incident, the Klan burned crosses at the homes of two Lumbee Native Americans who had associated with white people and threatened to return with more men. When they held a nighttime rally nearby, they found themselves surrounded by hundreds of armed Lumbees. Gunfire was exchanged, and the Klan was routed at what became known as the Battle of Hayes Pond.[85]When the Freedom Riders arrived in Birmingham, Alabama, the police commissioner Bull Connor gave Klan members fifteen minutes to attack the riders before sending in the police.[6] When local and state authorities failed to protect them, the federal government established more effective intervention.While the FBI had paid informants in the Klan, for instance in Birmingham, Alabama in the early 1960s, its relations with local law enforcement agencies and the Klan were often ambiguous. The head of the FBI J. Edgar Hoover, appeared more concerned about Communist links to civil rights activists than about controlling Klan excesses. In 1964, the FBI's COINTELPRO program began attempts to infiltrate and disrupt civil rights groups.[6]Since the 1970sOnce African Americans secured federal legislation to protect civil and voting rights, the Klan shifted its focus to opposing court-ordered busing to desegregate schools, affirmative action, and more open immigration. For instance, in 1971, Klansmen used bombs to destroy ten school buses in Pontiac, Michigan. Klansman David Duke was active in South Boston during the school busing crisis of 1974. Duke was leader of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan from 1974 until he resigned from the Klan in 1978.The Greensboro massacre occurred on November 3, 1979 in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. In the shoot-out, five marchers were killed by members of the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party while staging a protest. It was the culmination of attempts by the Communist Workers Party to organize industrial workers, predominantly black, in the area.[86]Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter who infiltrated the Klan in 1979, reported that the FBI's COINTELPRO efforts were highly successful. Rival Klan factions accused each other's leaders of being FBI informants. Bill Wilkinson of the Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was revealed to have been working for the FBI.[87] During Thompson's brief membership, his truck was shot at, he was yelled at by black children, and a Klan rally he attended turned into a riot when black soldiers on an adjacent military base taunted the Klansmen. Attempts by the Klan to march were often met with counter protests and sometimes with violence.In 1980 three Ku Klux Klansmen shot four elderly black women (Viola Ellison, Lela Evans, Opal Jackson and Katherine Johnson) in Chattanooga, Tennessee following a KKK initiation rally. (A fifth woman, Fannie Crumsey, was injured by flying glass in the incident.) None of the five victims died. Attempted murder charges were filed against the three Klansmen, two of whom - Bill Church and Larry Payne - were acquitted by an all-white jury and the other of whom - Marshall Thrash - was sentenced by the same jury to nine months on lesser charges. He was released after three months.[88][89][90] In 1982 a jury awarded the five women $535,000 in a civil rights trial.[91]After Michael Donald was lynched in 1981 in Alabama, the FBI investigated his death. Two local Klansmen were convicted of having a role including Henry Hays who was sentenced to death. With the support of attorneys Morris Dees and Joseph J. Levin at the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Michael's mother, Beulah Mae Donald, sued the Ku Klux Klan in civil court in Alabama. Her lawsuit against the United Klans of America was tried in February 1987. The all-white jury found the Klan responsible for the lynching of Michael Donald and ordered the Klan to pay $7 million USD. To pay the judgment, the Klan turned over all of its assets, including its national headquarters building in Tuscaloosa.[92]After exhausting the appeals process, Henry Hayes was executed for Donald's death in Alabama on June 6, 1997. It was the first time since 1913 that a white man had been executed in Alabama for a crime against an African American.[93] Thompson, the journalist who claimed he had infiltrated the Klan, related that Klan leaders who appeared indifferent to the threat of arrest showed great concern about a series of civil lawsuits filed by the Southern Poverty Law Center for damages in the millions of dollars. These were filed after Klansmen shot into a group of African Americans. Klansmen curtailed activities to conserve money for defense against the lawsuits. The Klan itself used lawsuits as tools. They filed a libel suit to prevent publication of a paperback edition of Thompson's book. The publisher canceled the publication.[citation needed]The present-day Ku Klux Klan is not one organization. Rather it is made up of small independent chapters across the United States.[94] The formation of independent chapters has made the KKK groups more difficult to infiltrate and researchers find it hard to estimate its numbers. KKK members have stepped up recruitment in recent years but the organization continues to grow slowly, with membership estimated at 5, 000-8, 000 across 179 chapters. These latest drives have seized upon issues such as people's anxieties about illegal immigration, urban crime and same-sex marriage. [95]The only known former member of the Klan to hold a federal office currently in the United States is Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, who said he "deeply regrets" having joined the Klan more than half a century ago, when he was about 24 years old. Byrd joined as a young man in the 1940s, recruiting 150 friends and acquaintances from his small West Virginia town. He later said he was a Klan member for about a year, but contemporary newspapers carried stories about a letter of his recommending a friend as Klaneagle in 1946.[96] In 2005, when he published a memoir and was asked again about his life, Byrd said, "I know now I was wrong. Intolerance had no place in America. I apologized a thousand times ... and I don't mind apologizing over and over again. I can't erase what happened."[96]Some of the larger KKK organizations in operation include:* Bayou Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, prevalent in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana and other areas of the Southeastern U.S.* Church of the American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[97]* Imperial Klans of America[98]* Knights of the White Kamelia* Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, headed by national director and self-claimed pastor Thom Robb, and based in Zinc, Arkansas. It claims to be the biggest Klan organization in America today. Spokesmen refer to it as a "sixth era Klan", and it continues to be a racist group.Numerous smaller groups use the Klan name. Estimates are that about two-thirds of KKK members are concentrated in the South, with another third situated primarily in the lower Midwest.[97][99][100]On November 14, 2008, an all-white jury of seven men and seven women awarded $1.5 million in compensatory damages and $1 million in punitive damages to plaintiff Jordan Gruver, represented by the Southern Poverty Law Center against the Imperial Klans of America.[101] The ruling found that five IKA members had savagely beaten Gruver, then 16 years old, at a Kentucky county fair in July 2006.[102]Many Klan groups have formed strong alliances with other white supremacist groups like Neo-Nazis. Some Klan groups have become increasingly "Nazified" adopting the look and emblems of Nazi skinheads.[103]Although there are numerous KKK groups, the media and popular discourse generally refer to the Klan for expediency. The ACLU has provided legal support to various factions of the KKK in defense of their First Amendment rights to hold public rallies, parades, and marches, and their right to field political candidates.VocabularyMembership in the Klan is secret. Like many fraternal organizations, the Klan has signs which members can use to recognize one another. A member may use the acronym AYAK (Are you a Klansman?) in conversation to surreptitiously identify himself to another potential member. The response AKIA (A Klansman I am) completes the greeting.[104]Throughout its varied history, the Klan has coined many words[105] beginning with "KL" including:* Klabee: treasurers* Klavern: local organization* Kleagle: recruiter* Klecktoken: initiation fee* Kligrapp: secretary* Klonvocation: gathering* Kloran: ritual book* Kloreroe: delegate* Kludd: chaplainAll of the above terminology was created by William Simmons, as part of his 1915 revival of the Klan.[citation needed] The Reconstruction-era Klan used different titles; the only titles to carry over were "Wizard" for the overall leader of the Klan, "Night Hawk" for the official in charge of security, and a few others, mostly for regional officers of the organization.[citation needed]See also* History of the United States (1865–1918)* Jim Crow laws* Knights of the Golden Circle* Leaders of the Ku Klux Klan* Notable alleged Ku Klux Klan members in national politics* Silent Brotherhood* Timeline of racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska* White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan* Heroes of the Fiery Cross* The Good CitizenFootnotes1. ^ The Various Shady Lives Of The Ku Klux Klan - Time2. ^ "Terrorism 2000/2001". http://www.fbi.gov/filelink.html?file=/publications/terror/terror2000_2001.pdf. Retrieved on March 8, 2009.3. ^ Jackson 1992 ed., pp. 241-242.4. ^ According to the 1920 census, the population of white males 18 years and older was about 31 million, but many of these men would have been ineligible for membership because they were immigrants, Jews, or Roman Catholics. Klan membership peaked at about 4-5 million in the mid-1920s. "The Ku Klux Klan, a brief biography". The African American Registry. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2207/The_Ku_Klux_Klan_a_brief__biography.5. ^ Lay, Shawn. "Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Coker College. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730.6. ^ a b c d McWhorter 2001.7. ^ Horn 1939, p. 9. The founders were John C. Lester, John B. Kennedy, James R. Crowe, Frank O. McCord, Richard R. Reed, and J. Calvin Jones8. ^ Horn 1939, p. 11, states that Reed proposed κύκλος (kyklos) and Kennedy added clan. Wade 1987, p. 33 says that Kennedy came up with both words, but Crowe suggested transforming κύκλος into kuklux.9. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, pp.679-68010. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, p. 671-675.11. ^ Bob Brewer Shadow of the Sentinel, p. 72, Simon & Schuster, 2003 ISBN 978-074321968612. ^ "Ku Klux Klan, Organization and Principles, 1868". State University of New York at Albany. http://www.albany.edu/faculty/gz580/his101/kkk.html.13. ^ Horn 1939. Horn casts doubt on some other aspects of the story.14. ^ Cincinnati 'Commercial', August 28, 1868, quoted in Wade 1987.15. ^ Horn 1939, p. 27.16. ^ Parsons 2005, p. 816.17. ^ a b Foner 1989, p. 425-426.18. ^ Foner 1989, p. 342.19. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, p. 677-678.20. ^ Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877, New York: Perennial Classics, 1989; reprinted 2002, p.43221. ^ A special report prepared by the Southern Poverty Law Center. "A Hundred Years of Terror". Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. http://www.iupui.edu/~aao/kkk.html.22. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, pp.674-67523. ^ W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998, pp.680-68124. ^ Bryant, Jonathan M.. "Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Southern University. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-694.25. ^ The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida by Michael Newton, pp. 1-30. Newton quotes from the Testimony Taken by the Joint Select Committee to Enquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States. Vol. 13. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1872. Among historians of the Klan, this volume is also known as "The KKK testimony".26. ^ Rhodes 1920, pp. 157–158.27. ^ a b Horn 1939, p. 375.28. ^ a b Wade 1987, p. 102.29. ^ White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction by Allen W. Trelease (Louisiana State University Press: 1995)30. ^ Trelease 1995.31. ^ quotes from Wade 1987.32. ^ Horn 1939, p. 360.33. ^ Horn 1939, p. 362.34. ^ a b Wormser, Richard. "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow — The Enforcement Acts (1870–1871)". Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_enforce.html.35. ^ Wade 1987, p. 85.36. ^ Foner 1989, p. 435.37. ^ Wade 1987.38. ^ Horn 1939, p. 373.39. ^ Wade 1987, p. 88.40. ^ Wade 1987, p. 109, writes that by ca. 1871–1874, "For many, the lapse of the enforcement acts was justified since their reason for being — the Ku-Klux Klan — had been effectively smashed as a result of the dramatic showdown in South Carolina". Klan costumes, also called "regalia", disappeared by the early 1870s (Wade 1987, p. 109). The fact that the Klan did not exist for decades was shown when Simmons's 1915 recreation of the Klan attracted only two aging "former Reconstruction Klansmen." All other members were new.(Wade 1987, p. 144).41. ^ "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow: The Enforcement Acts, 1870–1871", Public Broadcast Service, accessed April 5, 200842. ^ Wade 1987, p. 109–110.43. ^ Foner 1989, p. 437, and KKK Hearings, 46th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Report 693, and Taylor 1974, p. 268-270.44. ^ "Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. url=http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/45. ^ Balkin, Jack M. (2002). "History Lesson" (PDF). Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/opeds/historylesson1.pdf.46. ^ Simon, Dennis M.. "The Civil Rights Movement, 1964–1968". Southern Methodist University. http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-CivRts2.html.47. ^ "Viola Liuzzo". Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAliuzzo.htm.48. ^ Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", Constitutional Commentary, Vol.17, 2000, p.27, accessed March 10, 200849. ^ Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", Constitutional Commentary, Vol.17, 2000, pp.12–13, 27, accessed March 10, 200850. ^ Maxine D. Rogers, Larry E. Rivers, David R. Colburn, R. Tom Dye, and William W. Rogers, Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, Florida: Dec 1993, p.2, accessed March 28, 200851. ^ Jackson 1967, p. 241.52. ^ Maxine D. Rogers, et al., Documented History of Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, op.cit., pp.4-6, accessed March 28, 200853. ^ An Interview with Stanley F. Horn - Oral History Interviews of the Forest History Society54. ^ Dray 2002.55. ^ Dray 2002, p. 198. Griffith quickly relayed the comment to the press, where it was widely reported. In subsequent correspondence, Wilson discussed Griffith's filmmaking in a positive tone, without challenging use of his statement.56. ^ Wade 1987, p. 137.57. ^ Letter from J. M. Tumulty, secretary to President Wilson, to the Boston branch of the NAACP, quoted in Link, Wilson.58. ^ The Ku Klux Klan and Related American Racialist and Antisemitic Organizations: A History and Analysis by Chester L Quarles, Page 219. The second Klan's constitution and preamble, reprinted in Quarles book, stated that the second Klan was indebted to the original Klan's Prescripts.59. ^ Lender et al. 1982, p. 33.60. ^ Prendergast 1987, pp. 25-52, 27.61. ^ Barr 1999, p. 370.62. ^ "A Wizard's Indictment". TIME. March 10, 1923. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,846485,00.html.63. ^ a b Jackson, 1992.64. ^ Moore 1991.65. ^ Maxine D. Rogers, et al., Documented History of Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, op.cit., p.6, accessed March 28, 200866. ^ Franklin 1992, p.14567. ^ a b Maxine D. Rogers, et al., Documented History of Rosewood, Florida in January 1923, op.cit., p.7, accessed March 28, 200868. ^ Smith, Robert L. (April 26, 1999). "In the 1920s, the Klan ruled the countryside". The Providence Journal. http://www.projo.com/specials/century/month4/426nw1.htm.69. ^ Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution, New York: Touchstone Book, 2002, p.7570. ^ Weedmark, Kevin. "When the KKK rode high across the Prairies". Moosomin World-Spectator. http://www.world-spectator.com/archives.25.html.71. ^ It's been seventy years since Anaheim booted the Klan, reprinted from the Los Angeles Times72. ^ Feldman 1999.73. ^ Rogers et al., pp. 432-433.74. ^ Rogers et al., p. 433.75. ^ Moore 1991, p.186.76. ^ von Busack, Richard. "Superman Versus the KKK". MetroActive. http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/07.02.98/comics-9826.html.77. ^ Kennedy 1990.78. ^ "The Ku Klux Klan, a brief biography". The African American Registry. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2207/The_Ku_Klux_Klan_a_brief__biography. and Lay, Shawn. "Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Coker College. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730.79. ^ Egerton 1994, p. 562-563.80. ^ "Who Was Harry T. Moore?" — The Palm Beach Post, August 16, 199981. ^ Cox, Major W. (March 2, 1999). "Justice Still Absent in Bridge Death". Montgomery Advertiser. http://www.majorcox.com/columns/edwards1.htm.82. ^ Axtman, Kris (June 23, 2005). "Mississippi verdict greeted by a generation gap". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0623/p01s03-ussc.html.83. ^ Mitchell, Jerry. "24, 2007-seale_N.htm Seale gets 3 life terms for '64 murders". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/August 24, 2007-seale_N.htm.84. ^ "Reputed Klansman, Ex-Cop, and Sheriff's Deputy Indicted For The 1964 Murders of Two Young African-American Men in Mississippi; U.S. v. James Ford Seale". January 24, 2007. http://news.findlaw.com/usatoday/docs/crights/usseale12407ind.html. Retrieved on March 23, 2008.85. ^ Ingalls 1979; Graham, Nicholas (January 2005). "January 1958 -- The Lumbees face the Klan". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/nchistory/jan2005/jan05.html.86. ^ Mark Hand (November 18, 2004). "The Greensboro Massacre". Press Action.87. ^ Thompson 1982.88. ^ The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!", by Betty A. Dobratz & Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile89. ^ Women's Appeal for Justice in Chattanooga - US Department of Justice90. ^ The Victoria Advocate: Bonds for Klan Upheld91. ^ New York Times: History Around the Nation; Jury Award to 5 Blacks Hailed as Blow to Klan92. ^ "Ku Klux Klan". Spartacus Educational, accessed April 22, 2008. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm.93. ^ "Ku Klux Klan". Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm.94. ^ About the Ku Klux Klan, Anti-Defamation League, 2002. According to the report, the KKK's estimated size then was "No more than a few thousand, organized into slightly more than 100 units."95. ^ Brad Knickerbocker (February 9, 2007). "Anti-Immigrant Sentiments Fuel Ku Klux Klan Resurgence". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0209/p02s02-ussc.html.96. ^ a b Eric Pianin, "A Senator's Shame", Washington Post, June 19, 2005, accessed August 4, 200897. ^ a b "Church of the American Knights of the KKK". Anti-Defamation League. October 22, 1999. http://www.adl.org/backgrounders/american_knights_kkk.asp.98. ^ "No. 2 Klan group on trial in Ky. teen's beating". Associated Press. November 11, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27665247/. Retrieved on November 22, 2008.99. ^ "Active U.S. Hate Groups". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/hate.jsp.100. ^ "About the Ku Klux Klan". Anti-Defamation League. http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default.asp.101. ^ "Jury awards $2.5 million to teen beaten by Klan members". CNN. November 14, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/11/14/klan.sued.verdict/index.html. Retrieved on November 18, 2008.102. ^ "Southern Poverty Law Center vs. Imperial Klans of America". Southern Poverty Law Center. July 25, 2007. http://www.splcenter.org/legal/docket/files.jsp?cdrID=69&sortID=2. Retrieved on September 18, 2007.103. ^ Ku Klux Klan - Affiliations Anti-Defamation League.104. ^ "A Visual Database of Extremist Symbols, Logos and Tattoos". Anti-Defamation League. http://www.adl.org/hate_symbols/acronyms_KIGY.asp.105. ^ Axelrod 1997, p. 160.Bibliography* Axelrod, Alan (1997). The International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies & Fraternal Orders. New York: Facts On File.* Barr, Andrew (1999). Drink: A Social History of America. New York: Carroll & Graf.* Chalmers, David M. (1987). Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan. Durahm, N.C.: Duke University Press. pp. 512. ISBN 9780822307303.* Dray, Philip (2002). At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. New York: Random House.* Egerton, John (1994). Speak Now Against the Day: The Generation Before the Civil Rights Movement in the South. Alfred and Knopf Inc..* Feldman, Glenn (1999). Politics, Society, and the Klan in Alabama, 1915-1949. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.* Foner, Eric (1989). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. Perennial (HarperCollins).* Franklin, John Hope (1992). Race and History: Selected Essays 1938-1988. Louisiana State University Press.* Horn, Stanley F. (1939). Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866-1871. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith Publishing Corporation.* Ingalls, Robert P. (1979). Hoods: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.* Jackson, Kenneth T. (1967; 1992 edition). The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930. Oxford University Press.* Kennedy, Stetson (1990). The Klan Unmasked. University Press of Florida.* Lender, Mark E.; James K. Martin (1982). Drinking in America. New York: Free Press.* Levitt, Stephen D.; Stephen J. Dubner (2005). Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: William Morrow.* McWhorter, Diane (2001). Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster.* Moore, Leonard J. (1991). Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.* Newton, Michael; Judy Ann Newton (1991). The Ku Klux Klan: An Encyclopedia. New York & London: Garland Publishing.* Parsons, Elaine Frantz (2005). "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". The Journal of American History 92 (3): 811–836.* Prendergast, Michael L., "A History of Alcohol Problem Prevention Efforts in the United States", written at Greenwich, Connecticut, in Holder, Harold D., Control Issues in Alcohol Abuse Prevention: Strategies for States and Communities, JAI Press, 1987.* Rhodes, James Ford (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. 7.Winner of the Pulitzer Prize.* Rogers, William; Robert Ward, Leah Atkins and Wayne Flynt (1994). Alabama: The History of a Deep South State. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.* Steinberg, Alfred (1962). The man from Missouri; the life and times of Harry S. Truman. New York: Putnam. OCLC 466366.* Taylor, Joe G. (1974). Louisiana Reconstructed, 1863-1877. Baton Rouge.* Thompson, Jerry (1982). My Life in the Klan. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0399126953.* Trelease, Allen W. (1995). White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction. Louisiana State University Press.First published in 1971 and based on massive research in primary sources, this is the most comprehensive treatment of the Klan and its relationship to post-Civil War Reconstruction. Includes narrative research on other night-riding groups. Details close link between Klan and late 19th century and early 20th century Democratic Party.* Wade, Wyn Craig (1987). The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America. New York: Simon and Schuster.An unsympathetic account of both Klans, with a dedication to "my Kentucky grandmother ... a fierce and steadfast Radical Republican from the wane of Reconstruction until her death nearly a century later".Further reading* Blee, Kathleen M. (1992). Women of the Klan. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07876-4.* "White supremacist groups flourishing". The Associated Press. http://www.gainesville.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070206/WIRE/702050325/-1/news.* Nelson, Jack (1993). Terror in the Night: The Klan's Campaign Against the Jews. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-69223-2.External linksSister project Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ku Klux Klan* The Knights Party website* Imperial Klans of America: "Stand for Christ, Race and Nation"* Klan Tableau A film documenting William Christenberry's Klan Tableau in Washington, D.C. (Includes interview with Christenberry.)* The History of the Original Ku Klux Klan — by an anonymous author sympathetic to the original Klan.* The Southern Poverty Law Center Report* The ADL on the KKK* Proceedings of the Second Imperial Klonvocation (1924)* In 1999, South Carolina town defines the KKK as terrorist* A long interview with Stanley F. Horn, author of Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866-1871.* Full text of the Klan Act of 1871 (simplified version)* The Protestant "Kluxing" of Cañyon City, Colorado — (Cañyon City Public Library)* Ku Klux Klan leader predicts Barack Obama will be assassinated - Scotsman.com August 10, 2008.* KKK (Amarillo, Tex.) Records, 1921-1925 and undated, in the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University* Ku Klux Klan from the Handbook of Texas Online[show]v • d • eRacismHistory of racismApartheid · The Holocaust · Racism in the United States · Racism in Europe · Anti-racism · Civil rights movementRacist ideologiesWhite supremacy · Black supremacy · Social Darwinism · Nazism · Aryanism · Ketuanan MelayuActs of racismInstitutional racism · State racism · Racial profiling · Racism by country · Hate speech · Racial segregation · Stereotype · Scientific racism · Slavery · Crime of apartheidRacial violenceEthnic cleansing · Hate crime · Race war · Genocide · LynchingRacism against groupsNative Americans · Arabs · Armenians · Asians (South) · Asians (South and East) · Blacks · Chinese · Hispanics · Irish · Islam · Italians · Japanese · Jews · Mexicans · Poles · Roma people · Russians · Whites · Turks · UkrainiansRacist groupsKu Klux Klan · Neo-Nazis · Grey Wolves · South African National Party · Nation of Aztlán · Nation of Islam · New Black Panthers · Heathen Front · Westboro Baptist ChurchAnti-racist groupsand movementsNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People · Anti-Defamation League · Anti-Fascist Action · Civil Rights Movement · Fighting Discrimination (Human Rights First) · Southern Poverty Law Center · Searchlight[show]v • d • eDiscrimination[show]General formsAgeism · Colorism · Racism · Reverse discrimination · Religious intolerance · Sexism · Xenophobia[show]Specific formsSocialAbleism · Adultism · Anti-homelessness · Biphobia · Classism · Elitism · Gerontophobia · Heightism · Heterophobia · Heterosexism · Heteronormativity · Homophobia · Monosexism · Lesbophobia · Lookism · Misandry · Misogyny · Sizeism · TransphobiaAgainst culturesAmerican · Arab · Armenian · Australian · Canadian · Catalan · Chinese · English · Estonian · European · French · German · Hispanic · Igbo · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Italian · Japanese · Jewish · Korean · Malay · Mexican · Persian · Polish · Portuguese · Quebec · Romani · Romanian · Russian · Scottish · Serb · Spanish · Turkish · Ukrainian · WelshAgainst religionsBahá'í · Catholicism · Christianity · Hinduism · Judaism · Mormonism · Islam · Protestantism · New religious movements · Shi'a Islam[show]ManifestationsBlood libel · Ephebiphobia · Ethnic cleansing · Ethnocide · Gay bashing · Gendercide · Genocide (examples) · Hate crime · Hate speech · Lynching · Paternalism · Pogrom · Race war · Racial profiling · Religious persecution · Slavery[show]MovementsDiscriminatoryAmerican Nazi Party · Aryanism · Grey Wolves · Hate groups · Kahanism · Ku Klux Klan · Neo-Nazism · South African National Party · Supremacism · Uyoku dantaiAnti-discriminatoryAbolitionism · Autistic rights · Children's rights · Civil rights · Disability rights (Inclusion) · Egalitarianism · Father's rights · Feminism · LGBT rights · Masculism · Men's rights · Mother's rights · Women's rights · Women's / Universal suffrage · Youth rights[show]PoliciesDiscriminatoryApartheid · Internment · Race / Religion / Sex segregation · Redlining · Numerus clausus · Ghetto benchesAnti-discriminatoryCivil rights · Desegregation · Emancipation · Integration · Equal opportunity · Gender equalityCounter-discriminatoryAffirmative action · Forced busing · Racial quota · Reparation · Reservation (India) · Employment equity (Canada)[show]LawDiscriminatoryAlien and Sedition Acts · Anti-homelessness legislation · Anti-immigration · Anti-miscegenation · Apartheid laws · Criminal Tribes Act · Test Act · Jim Crow laws · Ketuanan Melayu · Nuremberg Laws · Ethnocracy · Terra nulliusAnti-discriminatoryAnti-discrimination acts · Anti-discrimination law · 14th Amendment · Crime of apartheid · CERD · CEDAW · Convention against Discrimination in Education · ILO Convention No. 111 · ILO Convention No. 100[show]Other formsAndrocentrism · Adultcentrism · Colorism · Cronyism · Economic · Ethnocentrism · Gynocentrism · Linguicism · Nepotism · Triumphalism[show]Related topicsAfrocentrism · Bigotry · Diversity · Eugenics · Multiculturalism · Police brutality · Political correctness · Prejudice · Racialism · Reverse discrimination · Speciesism · Tolerance · Missing white woman syndrome ·Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan"Categories: 1865 establishments | 1915 establishments | African American history | Anti-Catholicism in the United States | Anti-communism | Antisemitism | Christian terrorism | Far-right politics | Hate crimes | Hate groups | History of racial segregation in the United States | History of racism in the United States | Social history of the United States | History of voting rights in the United States | Ku Klux Klan crimes | Ku Klux Klan | Racism | Racially motivated violence against African Americans | Reconstruction | Terrorist incidents in the United States | White nationalists | White supremacyHidden categories: Articles containing Ancient Greek language text | Cleanup from May 2009 | Wikipedia introduction cleanup | Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from April 2009 | Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages | Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009 | All pages needing cleanup | Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from November 2008 | All pages needing factual verification | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009Views* Article* Discussion* View source* HistoryPersonal tools* Log in / create accountNavigation* Main page* Contents* Featured content* Current events* Random articleSearchInteraction* About Wikipedia* Community portal* Recent changes* Contact Wikipedia* Donate to Wikipedia* HelpToolbox* What links here* Related changes* Upload file* Special pages* Printable version* Permanent link* Cite this pageLanguages* العربية* Беларуская (тарашкевіца)* Brezhoneg* Български* Català* Česky* Cymraeg* Dansk* Deutsch* Ελληνικά* Español* Esperanto* Euskara* فارسی* Français* Gaeilge* Galego* 한국어* Hrvatski* Bahasa Indonesia* Interlingua* Íslenska* Italiano* עברית* Кыргызча* Lietuvių* Magyar* Македонски* Bahasa Melayu* Nederlands* 日本語* ‪Norsk (bokmål)‬* ‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬* O'zbek* Polski* Português* Română* Русский* Simple English* Slovenčina* Slovenščina* Српски / Srpski* Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски* Suomi* Svenska* தமிழ்* Türkçe* Українська* Tiếng Việt* ייִדיש* 中文Powered by MediaWikiWikimedia Foundation* This page was last modified on 23 June 2009 at 05:17.* Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.* Privacy policy* About Wikipedia* Disclaimersfor editing, customization or to be included in other documents.

Washington Rally on July 17-19

Posted by Soleilmavis on June 29, 2009 at 2:34am

Below is the Washington Rally on 17-19 July. The Hosts wish Mr. Obama to come out. Victims of Mind Control/Directed Energy Weapons and people who concern about our campaign are welcomed to join this rally and bring related flyers. For the issue about Mind Control/Directed Energy Weapons abuse and torture, Please contact: Katherine Moore on mbsk41@aol.com Here is some details of the rally: This rally is hosted by POPULAR, Disclosure Watch,TK and JP, Casoo, Los Angeles f4j and a host of others. JULY 17-19 ONLY!! We encourage everyone to come stay with us @ Green Belt National Park only 12 miles from the Capitol with bus depot onsite. call 1-800-365-2267 Performances and Speaking are by the 2 bus drops across the street from the reflection pool, west on Capitol Grounds, Center section on Sat. and Sun. and Upper Senate Park near the large waterfall on Friday. Green Belt National Park 6565 Green Belt Rd. Greenbelt, Maryland. 20770 You must reserve in advance. http://www.nps.gov/gree/index camp sites are $8.00 for senior citezens otherwise $16.00; each site can have 3 tents and 6 people. There are Rv sites as well. Nice playground for any children. Very nice place to enjoy nature and socialize. We advise all people to bring compact lawn chairs. Rooms are available @ the Hyatt for $98.00 per night Families will get 10 min to speak, Organizations and Musicians get 30 min and can share their time with others that are approved. WE HAVE MANY TIME SLOTS STILL AVAILABLE FOR FAMILIES AND ORGANIZATIONS. MILD ACTIVISM IS OK BUT NO EXTREMES. Here is a rough draft of our calendar for 2009; it is subject to change Fri.-July 17th 8:00 a.m. Breakfast in Green Belt 10:00 Merchandising / classes/ at Shelter House 12:00 Noon Set up Stage and Sound @ Capitol 1:00 National Anthem/Ministry/Speaking: Disclosure Watch 1:15 Speaking: Disclosure Watch 1:30 Music: Redeemer's Cross 2:00 Speaking: Baby James Foundation/ Abuse Freedom 2:30 Music: Redeemer's Cross 3:00 Speaking: CHILD PROTECTIVE COMMUNITY 3:30 Music: Elizabeth Salvatico 4:00 Speaking: Model Family Org.. Jose P. & Robert F. Phsyc DrugsKids 4:30 Music: Don Mathews 5:00 Speaking: Greg Smart (No More Families Injustice) 5:30 Music: Sam Ross 6:00 Speaking:Franchesca and Nathan/ Unite Families SalaiseAird 6:30 Music: Zion/Dj Nlyte/ 7:00 Speaking: Fathers For Justice L.A. 7:30 Music: Don Mathews 8:00 Speaking: Ohio Families for Reform 8:30 Speaking: C.A.S.O.O. ( candlelight vigil ) Sat. 18th July: 8:00 a.m. breakfast in Green Belt 10:00 Merchandising / classes at Shelter House 12:00 Noon Set up Stage and Sound @ Capitol 1:00 National Anthem/Ministry/Speaking Disclosure Watch 1:15 Speaking: Disclosure Watch 1:30 Music: Christlike Music Group 2:00 Speaking: POPULAR Inc. (Katherine Moore and Zena Crenshaw) 2:30 Music: Willie J 3:00 Speaking: Dr. Blake Moore/ Dr. Lokesh Vuyyuru 3:30 Music: Dj Nlyte / Zion / 4:00 Speaking: Carren Pulley Ministry 4:30 Music: Ghetto Preacha 5:00 Speaking: ACORN 8 (Marcel Reid), / Retired Chief Deputy US Marshal Matt Fogg 5:30 Music: Nemaste 6:00 Speaking: Tom Devine of Gov't Accountability Project / R. Weidener(ex- prosecutor) 6:30 Music: Dale J. 7:00 Speaking: Justice for Families 7:30 Music: Jimmy D. 8:00 Speaking: C.A.S.O.O. (Candelight Vigil) 8:30 Merchandising @ The Hall 9:30 The After Show hosted by Christlike Music Group feat. Hip Hop Artist At THE HALL 12:00 After Show ends. Sun. July 19th 8:00 a.m. large Breakfast in Green Belt 10:00 Merchandising and classes @ The Hall 12:00 Noon Set up Stage and Sound @ Capitol 1:00 National Anthem/Ministry/Speaking /Disclosure Watch 1:15 Speaking: Minister Jackson from Gary, In lost 8 children 1:30 Music: Elizabeth Salvatico 2:00 Speaking:Canada Court Watch 2:30 Music: DJNlyte/Zion/ Mendi Baron 3:00 Speaking: 3:30 Music: Don Mathews/ Dale J. 4:00 Speaking 4:30 Music: Ghetto Preacha 5:00 Speaking: 5:30 Music: Jimmy D/ Willie J 6:00 Speaking: 6:30 Music: Nemaste 7:00 Speaking:Front Line Soldiers 7:30 Music: Christ Like Music Group 8:00 Speaking: C.A.S.O.O. (Candelight Speakers: Disclosure Watch Music: Jimmy D C.A.S.O.O. Christlike Music Justice For Families Ghetto Preacha Baby James Foundation Dale J. Abuse Freedom Zion Chid Protection Community Elizabeth Salvatico Model Family Org Willie J Josie Perez, Robert (physyc drugs) Dj Nlyte Unite Families Fathers for Justice L.A. No More Families Injustice Nemaste Ohio Families for reform Reedemers Cross POPULAR Inc. Mendi Baron ACORN 8 Don Mathews Carren Pullie Ministry Govt Accountability Project Semmelweis Society Ex Prosecutor Rodger Weidener from Oregon Chief Deputy U.S. Marshal Matthew Fogg 4 families so far 5/20/09 Front Line Soldiers Canada Court Watch

SAT FINDER: COMPLETELY UPDATED IN 2008 - Database and Calculation Software for the Satellite Industry, Die, Spy Satellite, Die — Says U.S. Homeland Security Secretary, Anti-Satellite Weapons

Posted by Metric Clay on June 28, 2009 at 10:15pm

COMPLETELY UPDATED IN 2008 - Database and Calculation Software for the Satellite Industryhttp://www.satnews.com/satfinder.shtmlTHE DATABASE SECTIONhas information on over 500 satellites (orbital location, frequencies, EIRP, G/T, SFD, bandwidth, programming etc.) and 9,000 companies (address, tel, fax, web, products, services and contact names etc.) and 19,000 executives in the commercial satellite industry. Containing a very fast search ability plus over 800 hundred EIRP, G/T & SFD maps in color not published anywhere else. THE CALCULATION SECTIONHas full up-down digital link budget calculators with input provision for uplink power control (UPC), ALC, various interferences and multiple carriers. Finds HPA size, uplink power requirements, bandwidth and power usage per carrier. Calculates atmospheric losses and rain fade margins for any desired availability on uplink and downlink. Handles BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK or M-QAM with any FEC code rate. Determines power or bandwidth limited modes and calculates the power equivalent bandwidth, if appropriate. Provision for RS codes or 'Turbo' modems. Option for rain up AND rain down scenarios where uplink and downlink are from/to the same city.Database SectionUsers can search from amongst Company Information, Satellite Details, What's On Satellite, Uplink Providers, Country Standards and a full List of Executives.COMPANY INFORMATIONThis section includes information on:INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES - Government Regulators & Administrators with contact names and addresses for domestic and international public network services; Information on each country's TV & electrical standards, Cabled Household Numbers etc.; State, Provincial & Local Authorities.SPACECRAFT - Launch Vehicle capabilities and a four year international analysis of planned launch schedules; Manufacturers of Propulsion Systems, Spacecraft, Satellites and Satellite Components.MANUFACTURERS OF SATELLITE GROUND EQUIPMENT - Amplifiers; Antennas; Baseband Equipment; Cable; Converters; Complete Earth Stations; Feed Systems; Filters; Modems; Modulators; Multiplexers; Positioners; Power Supplies; Processors; Software; Teleconferencing Products; Test & Diagnostic Equipment; Transmitters; VSATs and many other products. Includes descriptive details on the fast growing DBS marketNETWORK SYSTEMS - System Integrators; Corporate & Business Networks; VSAT Systems & Management; Videoconferencing. Global Positioning System; Mobile Telephones, Video & Voice Systems; Transportable Equipment.USERS AND PROVIDERS OF SATELLITE SERVICES - Satellite Programmers; Broadcasters; Major Cable Systems; Educational & Religious Programmers; Distributors of Hardware; Transmission Services; Transponder Brokers; Common Carriers - all the providers of satellite-delivered video voice and data transmission services.GENERAL SERVICES - Comprehensive contact and descriptive information on Technical and Consulting Services; Installation and Mainenance Companies, Associations; Legal Services; Insurance Brokers and Underwriters; Research Centers; Financial Institutions; Publishers.SATELLITE DETAILSThis section includes information on:SATELLITE OPERATORS - System Operators including Intelsat, PanAmSat, Inmarsat, Intersputnik Telesat Canada, Eutelsat, Arabsat, Palapa, Optus and many others; Complete details on planned satellite systems with full details on their complex operations.GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES - Complete information on over 500 satellites including their mass, dimension, location, date of launch, number & type of transponders, users, operators, and many other relevant facts.EIRP MAPS - Invaluable EIRP, SFD & G/T color maps giving essential engineering & technical information for all operational and most planned satellite systems.WHAT’S ON SATELLITEThis is a complete guide to all operating satellites. You get the operating frequencies; video, voice or data activity; format used; transponder allocations and FEC.UPLINK FACILITIESThis is a complete guide to all the companies that provide uplink and transmission services. Includes the location; operator name & address; satellite orientation; capabilities & services provided.COUNTRY STANDARDSInformation on the standars of satellite and broadcasting which are used worldwide. Also includes general telecommunications and other useful information.LIST OF EXECUTIVESWant to create a mailing list? Here are the contact details (which includes what the companies do) on over 19,000 executives. Create a marketing and sales campaign exactly designed for your products or services.Database SectionUsed by Broadcasters, SNG operators, VSAT designers, dish installation companies and dealers serving the satellite TV industry. Calculation capacity including dish aiming, link budget analysis and solar outage prediction provide the backbone of the package. The link budget facilities employ rain attenuation and atmospheric absorption prediction modeling even for low elevations. These and other useful features, such as an integral magnetic variation calculation and over 30,000 stored town/city coordinates, combine to enable a system to be either designed for any global location. Designed to be very simple to use, it works just like any other Windows application with pull-down menus, toolbar for shortcuts, dialog boxes, text and graphics windows, a status bar and a comprehensive help system.You can calculate the following:Digital Link Budgets: To view the output of a typical Digital Link Budget Click HereFull up-down digital link budget calculators with input provision for uplink power control (UPC), ALC, various interferences and multiple carriers. Finds HPA size, uplink power requirements, bandwidth and power usage per carrier. Calculates atmospheric losses and rain fade margins for any desired availability on uplink and downlink. Handles BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK or M-QAM with any FEC code rate. Determines power or bandwidth limited modes and calculates the power equivalent bandwidth, if appropriate. Provision for RS codes or 'Turbo' modems. Option for rain up AND rain down scenarios where uplink and downlink are from/to the same city.Click numbers 1-4 to see other digital link budget inputs 1 2 3 4Features included:* Digital link budgets for Satellite TV, SNG, radio and data* FM link budgets* Sun outage prediction (single site and satellite)* Sun outage batch file handling (multiple sites or multiple satellites)* Antenna aiming* Dual/multi feed positioning* Dish sizing* Polar mount alignment* EIRP, SFD and G/T map viewer* Automatic magnetic variation calculation* Solar transit times* Off-axis gains* Rain attenuation model (ITU-R P.618-8 or Crane)* Calculates atmospheric absorption and tropospheric scintillation losses* Loads and displays decoded two line element (TLE) files (SGP4/SDP4 model)* Fast batch processing of up to 500 GEO link budgets* Ionospheric scintillation estimator* Four satellite, ASI calculator within GEO 'bent pipe' link budget modules* Automatic 'Antenna Noise' calculation option* Tabulation of R0.01 values and rain attenuation for a selected country* Highlighting of key link budget results* Non-reflector gains and effective apertures accepted* Polarization offset shown in 'Satellites above Horizon' listings* Generates numerous graphs and tables* Numerous satellite based calculation tools such as G/T and off axis antenna gains.The software can calculate digital link budgets for GEO satellite 'bent-pipe' and regenerative transponders as well as snapshot digital link budgets for some NON GEO varieties. Minimum system requirements are Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP (Intel) with at least 800*600 display resolution and any i586 (Pentium) or later. Will run on older processors.Link Budget CalculatorsFull up-down digital link budget calculators with provision for interference input, uplink power control (UPC), ALC, E.S. intermodulation. interference and multiple carriers per HPA. Finds HPA size, uplink power requirements, bandwidth and power usage per carrier. Calculates atmospheric losses and rain fade margins for any desired availability on uplink and downlink. Optional auto-estimation of output back off and transponder intermodulation interference. Handles BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK or M-QAM with any FEC code rate. Determines if transponder is power or bandwidth limited and calculates the power equivalent bandwidth if appropriate. Provision for RS codes or 'Turbo' modems. Option for rain up AND rain down scenarios where uplink and downlink are from/to the same city.Rain Attenuation ModelsITU-R P.618-8, Crane global or Crane revised two component models are supported without any requirement to consult maps. These models are used for link budgets, graphs and tables and have simple radio button selection. For the ITU-R model it is also possible to enter locally obtained R0.01 values in mm/h.Atmospheric LossesFor low elevation paths, atmospheric absorption and tropospheric scintillation losses are significant. The program calculates these parameters as standard but there is also an option to zero these parameters for comparison with other link budget tools that neglect them.Tabulate Availability v Rain AttenuationGenerates tables of availability, rain attenuation, XPD and expected downtimes.Separate Rain Attenuation ModuleQuickly calculate XPD, rain attenuation and noise increase due to rain for use with other software and spreadsheets. Tabulate rate tables for any selected country.Antenna AimingCalculates elevation, true azimuth, compass bearing and polarization offset for any geostationary satellite from any location. No need to know magnetic variation values, it's all automated. Finds minimum and maximum antenna elevation for satellites in inclined orbits.Quick Dish SizingShort form downlink budgets digital TV broadcasts using GEO satellites with minimum dish size optimizer.Sun Outage PredictionPresents accurate annual lists of date and time windows for geostationary satellite/ground station combinations worldwide. All time zones supported. Output in Local Civil Time or GMT. Please note, this module is not suitable for elderly satellites placed in inclined orbits. There is also a batch file processes to produce listings for either multiple sites, or multiple satellites, ready for pasting into MS Excel or a similar spreadsheet program.Dual / Multi Feed CalculationsFinds relative satellite and feed spacing relative to boresight. Calculates antenna "squinting" efficiency for link budget. Execute any number of times for multiple feeds. Tabulate dual feed calculations for major towns and cities in a country with average value.Footprint MapsOver 500 colour G/T, SFD and EIRP footprint maps included in BMP, GIF, PCX, TIFF and JPEG formats. More can be added. Maps can be exported to paste into reports etc. Click Here to see a sampleFlexible Output OptionsPrints reports with your company name at the top or output may be copied and pasted into MS Excel or similar as tab delimited text for unlimited customisation. Reports and tables may also be saved in HTML for uses such as emailing, uploading to web sites or importing into other applications.Reference MapsDisplays world and regional maps of ITU and Crane rain-climatic zones, seasonal water vapour density and mean surface temperatures.Modified Polar MountsLocate true north/south anywhere in the world using the sun's position as your guide. Calculates modified polar mount angles for any latitude with notes on installation.Wind LoadingCalculates overturning moment (OTM) and ballast required for a given wind speed. Assumes antenna is pole mounted using a base frame weighted with concrete blocks.Overcome Local Magnetic AnomaliesSelect monthly tabulations of the local time when the sun and a selected satellite have the same azimuth. Useful where local magnetic anomalies may affect compass readings.Tabulate Availability v Rain AttenuationGenerates tables of availability, rain attenuation, XPD and expected downtimes.Data FilesSupplied with a satellite data file and over 30,000 town and city records arranged in over 200 separate country data files. Easy browse transfer of data to input forms. All databases may be user edited. The satellite data is also updated and may be downloaded at any time. Easy browse transfer of data from database section to input forms. All databases may be user edited.Table GeneratorTabulates modified polar mount angles, antenna look angles to any geostationary satellite from multiple town/city locations in a selected country, 'visible' satellites from either a single location or two sites.Graph PlotsPlots graphs relating to digital modulation, ITU-R or Crane rain attenuation models, BER v Eb/No, atmospheric absorption, dish parabolas, lobe patterns and much more. There is also a BER v Eb/No reference chart for Reed Solomon concatenated Viterbi codes and 'turbo' codecs at various FEC rates.Calculations and ConversionsPerforms often used calculations and conversions, including antenna focal distances, rain attenuation with noise increase, off-axis gains and power spectral densities. Includes an editable mathematical expression evaluator.Tool BarIncludes convenient toolbar with speed buttons for most often used menu selections. Menu option for quick opening of the six most recently used files.Multiple Document InterfaceAllows mixes of link budgets, maps, graphs and tables within a single application window. Ideal for comparing link budgets.Persistent Input DataInput forms under the Graph, Table and Calculate menus have persistence of input data by default but can be turned off.Batch Link Budget CalculatorCalculates a full set of GEO digital link budget output parameters. It's like running a standard link budget program up to 500 times with different data. Can save hours of tedious link budget work compared to using point-to-point link budget programs.Large Help File40,000 word technical help file packed with easy-to-understand theory and practice. Ideal as a staff training or self learning aid for those new to the industry. Help file is fully context sensitive by using the F1 key or selecting the button on any active input field. Option to call up any other third party help file, directly from the application's menu.Total cost of a single user SatFinder licence with four database updates thoroughout the year is $1,250. For Information on multiple site licenses - Click Here.YOUR SITE LICENSE INCLUDES:* YOU GET 4 CD's - one every 3 months (a new database is created every quarter)* YOU ALSO GET a free current edition of the International Satellite Directory (Value $495.00)* PLUS YOU ALSO GET free access to our OnLine database maintained on a monthly update basis.(Value $425.00)All output can be directly pasted into common Windows packages, as either common delimited text or tiff images for editing, customization or to be included in other documents.PrintSatnews DailyDie, Spy Satellite, Die — Says U.S. Homeland Security SecretaryIn a report from Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano plans to do away with a program begun by the Bush administration that would use U.S. spy satellites for domestic security and law enforcement.Napolitano recently reached her decision after the program was discussed with law enforcement officials, in which she was told it was not an urgent issue, according to an employee who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss it.The program, called the National Applications Office, was announced in 2007 and was to have the Homeland Security Department use overhead and mapping imagery from existing satellites for homeland security and law enforcement purposes, but has been delayed because of privacy and civil liberty concerns.According to Rep. Jane Harman, a California Democrat and House homeland security committee member who was briefed on the department's classified intelligence budget the program was included in the Obama administration's 2010 budget request. She had not been given final word that the program would be killed.For years, domestic agencies such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Interior Department have had access to this satellite imagery for scientific research, to assist in response to natural disasters like hurricanes and fires, and to map out vulnerabilities during a major public event like the Super Bowl. Since 1974 the agency's requests satellite imagery have been made through the federal interagency group, the Civil Applications Committee. The Bush administration, however, decided to funnel the requests through the Homeland Security Department and expand their use for homeland security and law enforcement purposes.Anti-Satellite WeaponsOverview* Programs Program 437* Program 505* Air-Launched Miniature Vehicle (ALMV)* Kinetic Energy ASAT [KE-ASAT]* Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser [MIRACL]* High Energy Research and Technology Facility (HERTF)* Targets and VulnerabilityOther Resources* Duel Between an ASAT with Multiple Kill Vehicles and a Space-Based Weapons Platform with Kinetic Energy Weapons by P. Cutchis, Institute for Defense Analyses, January 1986* Space target with multi-spectral energy reflectivity, U.S. Patent 4,733,236, March 22, 1988* Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack, presented to the House Armed Services Committee, July 2004* US Space System Survivability: Strategic Alternatives for the 1990s by Robert B. Giffen, National Defense University, 1982 (1.75 MB PDF file)* Vulnerability Assessment of the Transportation Infrastructure Relying on the Global Positioning System, prepared for the Department of Transportation, August 29, 2001.* High Altitude Nuclear Detonations (HAND) Against Low Earth Orbit Satellites (HALEOS), Defense Threat Reduction Agency, April 2001.* Testimony of Gordon P. Soper, hearing on "Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) -- Should this be a Problem of National Concern to Businesses Small and Large as well as Government?" House Small Business Committee, June 1, 1999.* Survivability: Critical Process Assessment Tool, 14 August 1998* Thinking About Space Warfare by Allen Thomson, Space News, April 22-28, 1996.* Space Reconnaissance Vulnerability by Allen Thomson, Space News, October 10-16 1994.* Civil Satellite Vulnerability by Allen Thomson, Space News, 20-26 February 1995.* Satellite Vulnerability: a post-Cold War issue? by Allen Thomson, Space Policy (ISSN 0265-9646), 11 (1), February 1995, pp.19-30.* Threats to United States Space Capabilities by Tom Wilson, prepared for the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization, January 2001.* Recommended Changes in U.S. Military Space Policies and Programs, submitted to the Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy, October 1988* The U.S. Anti-Satellite Program: A Key Element in the National Strategy of Deterrence, from the Reagan White House, 1987* Space Countermeasures Hands On Program (CHOP), March 2001 (PowerPoint presentation, >1.6 MB)* Space Countermeasures Hands On Program Designs Docking Nanosatellite in Six Weeks, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2002* Target Effects Assessment from Commerce Business Daily, September 29, 2000* Space Control Architecture - briefing from DOD Space Architect* Spacecast 2020 RAPID SPACE FORCE RECONSTITUTION (RASFOR)* Spacecast 2020 Space Modular Systems* Air Force 2025 Star Tek-Exploiting the Final Frontier: Counterspace Operations in 2025* Military Is Hoping to Test-Fire Laser Against Satellite* U.S. weighes sharing satellite laser test data By Bill Gertz THE WASHINGTON TIMES January 2, 1998* Yeltsin letter reveals anti-satellite weapons By Bill Gertz THE WASHINGTON TIMES November 7, 1997* "Contracting speeds up ASAT effort" U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command December 1996* Shooting Down a "Star" Program 437, the US Nuclear ASAT System and Present-Day Copycat Killers Clayton K Chun, CADRE paper no. 6 - AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL CENTER FOR AEROSPACE DOCTRINE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION* Proceedings of the First Space Systems Survivability Workshop, 14-15 April 1966FAS | Space | Military | Programs |||| Search | Join FAShttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/asat/Maintained by Steven AftergoodCreated by John PikeUpdated May 23, 2007

#580 Book chapter 1 Humiliation, targeting pride and shame as a form of attack

Posted by treelaw45 TI on June 28, 2009 at 8:39pm

#580 Book chapter 1 Humiliation, targeting pride and shame as a form of attackI'm going to write a book of this modern day COINTELPRO and how covert psychological warfare tactics and non-lethal directed energy weapons are used on unsuspecting people to control society, industry, profits, as revenge and above all as government liability by the rich and powerful.This subject is one most people won't talk about, it may be one of the most effective forms of attack where the target won't speak of it, the attack and the attackers get away with little worry of being exposed because it was performed in a way to bring humiliation and shame on the target to silence them. It does always come down to profiling the target especially pride and when used world wide, religion, traditions and customs very much come into play.It seems like my targeting goes further back than I could have imagined. It has been coordinated by business, law enforcement, organized crime, leveraged criminals or semi-criminals and the unsuspecting participate using, "Psychological Warfare Techniques".Unsuspecting participants would include staged witnesses, people made to be in a place and situation where they as well as the target would be influenced or manipulation by the theater orchestrated in an attack. If you think about it our ddesissions and reactions are based on the situation at the time. Using theater with people all playing there parts others can be easily confused, influensed and manipulated. They can get away with murder and do.Another type would be someone who is attacked while the obvious actual intended target appears to be the obvious perpetrator of the attack (falsely). Like programming a Manchurian candidate.I have even seen someone who was a perp grooming a decent normal person to be a character witness. In other words acting totally different while having that person over and grooming them for thier role in the future.Here is just one experience using this tactic. Only by fighting through the shame, knowing who I really am did I find that this was organized and went quite far up into government.This involves and attack on me while drugged far beyond the maximum dosages of deadly medicines so it takes place with me physically and mentally near total destruction. Possibly as a kick in the ass before I died, just for spite.At this point I had been put out of business, my marriage had been sabotaged and broken up. I had been setup to be attacked by another TI pointed at me and falsely arrested all by police mainly from my own town but with some participation from police in other towns and states. After all that police had maneuvered the brother of two police into the second floor apartment I rented. He did the harassment while others had me under 24/7 surveillance. I survived that and evicted him and the covert surveillance team only for the surveillance to start up again from across the street.This culminated in a MEDUSA attack leading to hospitalization and involuntary commitment where I was tortured while in St. Joesph's mental hospital in Rhode Island.Part of that humiliation and outrage was to suffer a forced suicide attempt and torture in a place that is supposed to help the mental health and stability of the patient.After that police had continued the surveillance and gotten in touch with a mental health clinic to contact me since I didn't follow through with an appointment based on a bullshit diagnosis because I described the effects of the MEDUSA directed energy attack that I had described as a, "radiation attack"(documented evidence on mca and mcf. They had also gotten my regular doctor to refuse to give me my normal medicine for anxiety in an effort to leave me with this as the only to receive it. It might have been thought that because I was on anxiety medicine that this would work in their favor so I wouldn't speak out about the attacks, they were mistaken.The original doctor was a decent man and did continue the anxiety medicine and I began to recover from the trauma anf humiliation. Police were even sent to my home to see how I was doing. I said to them, "Do you want to see what I'm about"? I then showed them the giant sequoias I was growing here in Rhode Island, my koi pond and koi, pictures of me and my family going to California for vacation. They seemed sincere and I think they were, police had already seen to it that my guns were taken and probably wanted to see what state of mind I was in. I thought that maybe I could end this all out assault that was being waged against me and by proxy on my family. This seemed to show me all police, doctors, FBI and who ever else are not in on these attacks at least not at that time.It is always when there has been a lull in attacks and I let my guard down that the next subtle covert attack starts. That would be when Dr. M Rosenbloom had me transferred to her care. She started by cutting down my anxiety medicine, then introducing a deadly psychotic medicine. In small amounts it can be used for anxiety like 50 mg, but she continued to reduce the real anxiety medicine and increased the psychotic meds to 1,400 mg among numerous other meds over twice the maximum dose(documented).How easily the public can be fooled into trusting a perp doctor when most all of the other doctors have instilled a sense of well being and trust in the public. They use what we have developed as reactionary responses and trust against,"Us", the target.But this is how a staged, orchestrated beating is made to happen with humiliation and shame to keep the target quiet. This also helped wake me up to the organization and coordination behind the attacks.I began to go down to a park along the water and had met some people, they were a rough crowd that that had a few beers after work and on the weekends. I genuinely enjoyed talking with them about the giant ships passing by or the locals shell fishing for Quahogs. I met them when walking the beach looking for fossils and picking up trash in the process. As always I was trying to satisfy a desire to make it a better world.It was at some point that things had changed maybe as much as a year after meeting these people and being befreinded. The set up came when people who hung at Jerry's garage in the square began to come down to have a beer. It did occurred to me that these people hung out at the same place as this cop F. Hurley involved in my attacks. He had taken the porno evidence which had been put on my trash to sabotage and traumatise my wife's daycare customers and used to sit in the Riverside square at this gas station drinking all day. Later I had a problem with him during my divorce I filed a complaint against him. He was also the arresting officer in the false arrest and staged attack by the other TI who was harassed and told I had file numerous complaints against his towing garage that the police had actually fabricated. Police documents later had shown the police had put this man or TI under investigation. This cop also has relatives on the force and one I was told was a lawyer for police. Recently I found out that he lives across the street from my brother-in-law and had fed them garbage about me to my in-laws sabotaging my reputation and marriage.Here is how it went down on this night everybody was drinking beers off to the side a bit. I knew police had everybody here under surveillance we were being watched by police. i should have wondered why some people can drink beer and get tickets fixed while I live in the other extreme, believe it or not this cop had told people about the police surveillance and that is how I knew. Of course I knew I was always under surveillance as a reality of my existance. I believe moving off to the side took us out of view of this surveillance so I could be set up by police. These people all had a tattoo on the inside of their lip. It didn't matter what it was but they all had one on the inside of their lip. This girl who happened to be the wife of the brother of the owner of Jerry's garage was teasing me. It seemed harmless, she kept showing me a tattoo of something on the inside of the bottom of her lip. Everybody was busting balls. It was definitely a rough crowd but I had always felt I could hang with anybody and never tried to judge them whether they were dock workers or executives. I guess it was a fish hook but I couldn't make out what it was and kept asking her what it was and she would just show me it.So at one point I asked was it an arrow and suggested it might indicate the direction of a body part. This would be the humiliation on my part for a stupid comment, and she flipped out trying to attack me. Maybe it is a gang sign or an identifier for perps? it could be that showing me it was meant as a threat of some kind I really don't know. I turned away and moved away as others tried to intervene.As I look back to my teens and early twenties I had been attacked by the captain of the football team two years older and a college wrestler both times from the behind in a sneak attack. The football payer got a broken jaw and the wrestler didn't do much better. This time I got hit from behind while turned the other way by one of the guys with her. I don't remember anything until sitting on the ground and being kneed and kicked in the face. Then they left, one person was saying don't worry about it, it happens everybody gets there ass kicked. I guess that is where my pride comes in because this wasn't the case with me at least since 12 or so.Then they came back with her husband and others, as he charged at me I tagged him and his teeth went flying and then someone jumped on my back and before I knew it I was on the ground getting kicked in the face again. It reminds me of those gang initiations although I wasn't being initiated.By the time I got home I realized that this was another set up, I was pissed and called an ambulance. I needed a few stitches and I was going to document this. All the while I felt the sting of humiliation for my crude words and damaged pride for getting my ass kicked. In my diminished capacity I didn't even realize I was close to dying from the medicine as it was, that would come later when I had something like a heart attack. At that time the doctors didn't say a word butb two women had come in to my hospital room and told me I was being killed and that if I didn't get off the medicine I would die. It was only then that I changed doctors and secretly began cutting the meds. Iy was then that I began putting everything together.I will post pictures of me on the groups that aren't public like mca and mcf of my face and a blood soaked shirt. Later a criminal cop wrote a police report for me in my name to stop me from filing a complaint. they had this guy all set up to play his part. he was later convicted of doing this to someone else and is no longer on the police force. Internal Investigations told me this when trying to file a complaint against him. They also told me they couldn't discuss him with me and could'nt tell me why. This was also when they suggested I write a book.What this incident did do was tell me how far up in government this went in my town, state and federal government. How they would use the media to manipulate the public and attack other to try and silence me. I found out that I and others in my town all had problems with police brutality and corruption and a crowd was gathered and ready to speak at a council meeting when another woman passed around a flyer to bring everyone together at this meeting. Only she and I would speak and I held up the bloody shirt in defiance to police. Next would come a political, law enforcement and news campaign to cover everything up and gather all the names of the people at the meeting, those who called the town hall when it was said the town Manager would look into it. I was quoted in the news paper and the fact that I held up the bloody shirt at the meeting had the town managers secretary tell me she had never gotten more calls in her life. still the town manager wouldn't take my calls even when the council had asked him to look into my accusations. Later town officials and police would invite the other woman who spoke to a meeting and grill her for names.I will go on with this in #580b,c up to z if needed as the attacks continued against me and others to silence me. The town and police never called me in to try and grill me. I am forever denied the right to speak or file charges or complaints. I did file to speak at the next meeting and catch the town manager lying though his teeth in a coverup and hiding that the cop who had already been convicted and that I meantioned had already been convicted attacking people for my town by filing false reports charging them with crimes. I have the meetings recorded and many news articles relating to this series of events and am only now understanding the importance and relevance. It has taken time to recover from the massive drug attack and I will likely never fully recover. If I'm even allowed to live long enough to finish this out, but I'm going to try.Peter Rosenholm

FREE ONLINE EDUCATIONIAL VIDEOS FROM DIFFERENT UNIVERISTIES AROUND THE WORLD AND IN AMERICA LIKE MIT

Posted by Metric Clay on June 27, 2009 at 10:55pm

http://www.studyoverseas.com/http://education.jimmyr.com/https://www.youtube.com/metricclaywww.tinkernut.comhttp://www.ocwconsortium.org/This video points out some great online resources for taking free college courses from accredited universities.http://www.ocwconsortium.org/http://www.ocwfinder.com/http://itunes.stanford.edu/http://www.cmu.edu/oli/http://oyc.yale.edu/Category: Howto & Stylehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5N46j5C5Rag&feature=relatedMIT reaches OpenCourseWare milestoneMIT has recently completed a six-year project to put course materials from all MIT classes online. This shortprogram explains the initiative and features MIT officers and New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman talkingabout the importance of OCW.MIT Offers All Course Material Onlinehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4F8kJchX4I&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCi3pBHVYBE&feature=relatedhttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/

Reality media

Posted by SheriGrutz on June 27, 2009 at 8:38pm

Reality media never frames anyone is a positive light, there is always the dark, dirty little secrets, dirty laundry that they need to report on, throw out there like a net and hope to catch people’s eyes enough to buy their bullshit.There is an established status quo that these people maintain and uphold, and the moment that someone steps out of line, that person is put up on the chopping block and disseminated, picked apart, torn to sheds, usually right before everyone’s eyes.With the passing of Michael Jackson, this is a good time for the media to take a good hard look at itself and the kinds of ways their words, pictures and depictions have harmed an icon to the point of breaking him for good in death. But, what do you we see? We see Yahoo, now, not even 48 hours after Michael’s death, talking about all of his dirty laundry, questioning his every move over the past 2 decades, framing him in a negative light.The media will go on a witch hunt of anyone they think shies away from the cameras, their prodding, and they will not stop now, even after death, I’m sure they will continue to stalk Michael’s children and try to draw up any abnormality, drug use, or falling by the wayside that they can then blame Michael for.We need real change in this country, and I would love to see the every day people stop buying into all the negativity and back-biting and sordid preoccupation with stars and officials and people like us, targets.

victim story 受害者故事

Posted by jamesroad on June 27, 2009 at 12:18pm

I support the worldwide campaign "Stop the (secret) Abuse of Mind Control Weapons/ Directed Energy Weapons/Manipulation weapons on Civilians".I am a Victim of mind control /Harassment /directed energy weapons /Organized Stalking and Torture.I am a man come from China. My Nationality is Chinese. I realized to be attacked on May, 1986 when I was a university student in HeFei, AnHui Province of China.受害案件的事实陈述受害23年了。从1986年到2009年的今天我每天24小时都处于被人偷窥和控制中。起初只是跟踪骚扰，以后上升到虐待，威胁到个体的生存。1986年5月在中国安徽省合肥市，初次意识到我被跟踪。我当时是一个大学毕业班的学生，年龄23岁。案中对受害人的残害方式是古往今来绝无仅有的，案犯对受害人所“造出”的痛苦也是常人无法想象的，更让人毛骨悚然的是这些人扭曲的内心和变态的人格。是谁？为了什么目的？能有耐心在这么长的时间里对我进行迫害目前还不得而之。这种迫害和常规直接面对面的、可以申辩的、知道原因的施暴相比。非常诡异，难以察觉。案犯躲在无法知晓的地方，对我的身体和思想进行远距离控制。起初感到个人的隐私被偷窥，后来感到被跟踪。慢慢感到周围的人和过去不一样了，各种外来错觉扰乱了我的感觉。身体也有被控制的不适。主要危害表现在几个方面：1.控制你日常的喜怒哀乐情绪。2.强行控制你的思维功能，虽然它们不能决定你思考的具体内容，但能通过控制大脑神经限制阻断你的思考。它们不仅要控制你的情绪，还要尽力让你的思想符合施害者的意图。当你在思考问题时，它们会经常闪断你的思路，堵塞你的大脑，等你的思想进入它们需要的内容后就通畅了，这是它们常用控制手段。3.影响你的思想并间接导控你的行为，恶化你的人际关系。使你变得自闭。控导你盲目地往外地跑。4.他们控制你不协调，在吃饭时噎一下，喝水时呛一点，说话时突然卡住停了下来。四肢的动作不协调，走路摔倒。手工操作时，做出自我伤害的动作等。5.制造正常状态下身体的疼痛，腹泻，呕吐等。强化你身体的不适感。这么多年来，和我没有利害冲突的案犯对我施害的目的似乎就是为了控制我，和发泄他们自己的情绪。国家领导人换了好几代了，我住得城市也换了好几次了。他们不知羞耻的，谁当政，就说是谁让他们来害我的，标榜他们可以无法无天。由于案犯作案手法超出常规，取证比较困难。他们作案的特点是24小时跟踪骚扰，给调查带来了一个思路。2003年9月8日浦东出至2004年6月29日乌鲁木齐入在莫斯科留学期间他们也跟去了，由于同航班只有几百人，通过海关记录或许可以查出案犯。2007年7月2日黑河出至7月3日黑河入到俄罗斯旅游，2009年1月26日东兴出至1月29日东兴入到越南旅游，案犯也高高兴兴的跟去了。值得欣慰的，通过神奇的互联网，知道了这世界上还有许多和我类似的受害者。当自己不是唯一的时候，就有了惩罚案犯的帮手。当更多的人发出呼救的时候，说明了问题的严重。姓名Name: jamesroad国籍Citizenship: 中国China 安徽合肥受害年月日Year Torture/Abuse Began:1986年5月电子邮件Email: sy2050@163.com我支持世界性运动, "制止远距离操纵身体和大脑控制（精神控制）武器对平民的酷刑虐待"。我是一个远距离骚扰/大脑控制/定向能武器/有组织跟踪和酷刑虐待的受害者。我目前的地址和联系方式:广东省珠海市 qq:429335699 手机：15812708601我目前的职业: 自由职业

But Seriously Folks.........

Posted by James Brewer on June 27, 2009 at 5:16am

You've got some pretty good ideas there, especially with the inclusion of things, concepts and devices not yet invented or conceptualized. The text of your statement needs to be rewritten though, to be taken seriously by any member of congress, let's face it, some of our ideas sound pretty far out, you need to correct misspelled words, grammatical errors and contextual errors. As much as I would like to, I can't very well sign on to the petition in it's present form. I would like very much, however, to further discuss some of these issues at length, in the eighties, and through Desert Storm I was a military intelligence analyst in the U.S. Air Force.Thanks,JB

#579 Kurt Vonnegut/Basically what is happening and where it might lead

Posted by treelaw45 TI on June 27, 2009 at 4:27am

#579 Kurt Vonnegut/Basically what is happening and where it might leadMarshal law may be how they are getting away with this although I never heard it declared. I think it is control, monitoring and punishment of anyone tagged with a label. Like difficult, dangerous, whistle blower, radical, subversive etc. Of course this is like an assassination but you are tortured until you kill yourself or do something or are setup to be put in the mental health system. There you can be imprisoned as punishment, drugged to submission or oblivion or even drugged to death.My police were written up in the early 1990's by a human rights watch group as the worst police other than New Orleans based on complaints. now if some one makes a complaint of tries to sue the city or police they are attacked by police. With surveillance they can arrest a good number of people on criminal charges. Myself and another person in my town were setup and falsely arrested. The other person's mother was killed in a police chase and he was in a comma for two weeks and suffered brain damage. both he and I had the same officer right up false police reports.I wonder if this cop is working for home land security or just part of a political criminal organization. In either case he was essentially liability protection for police and my town through what we would consider criminal actions. A Justice department writing of two hundred pages basically said that when promoting non-lethal weapons for law enforcement. This officer got convicted and I spoke of what he did. Internal investigation wouldn't allow me to file a complaint against him. The town council protected him and kept the knowledge that he had been convicted already from me. He won an appeal three days later after the council meeting.Now a state Trooper is the temporary chief of police because police keep killing people. Because of an earlier killing they were suposed to notifify the state police and attorney general in the event of another death but they fail to do that in the last beating death by police. Once they realize that they can do what ever they want then they do. Bodies are beginning to pile up and mine could have been one of them.On the other hand the same police telling me they are unable to talk about the officer convicted and now off on an appeal also tell me they are under increasing surveillance by there own camera's. Of course yhey are not allowing me to file a complaint.Take your self out of it for a moment and follow this to it's conclusion where all people and police are chipped monitored and punished on the spot by computers. No jails, if you commit a capital crime you have a heart attack on the spot. If you talk about the control you are punished. No police, they aren't needed except for a small just in case group. If there is a riot everyone feels a burning sensation until the go home(ADS), then a longer term punishment begins of curtailment of freedoms.Take it further and computers become sentient and they control us, We are slaves under total control. We maintain them and produce what they feel is required. Then the problem will be to stop the slaves from killing themselves until there are no more.There are other scenarios like more advanced chips are put in our heads and our thoughts are partly programming so we never have an unregulated thought again. Maybe we will have the feeling of happiness when we complete a task as reward and we become happiness junkies. If only Kurt Vonnegut was alive to write this one, he would probably have better insight than me. Of course all his books and stories will be out lawed in the future. < ;-)Peter Rosenholm

Signal to Noise--The FTC Is Worried About Your Blog‏, Aerial Weapons & C4ISR and EW at the 2007 Paris Airshow

Posted by Metric Clay on June 26, 2009 at 1:39am

Signal to NoiseCEI's Technology Policy DigestJune 25, 2009The National Broadband DebateFCC's National Broadband Plan for Our Futurehttp://broadbandcensus.com/2009/06/at-mondays-deadline-industry-advocacy-groups-weigh-in-on-fcc-broadband-plan/CEI's Wayne Crews and Ryan Radia Weigh Inhttp://cei.org/rcandtestimony/2009/06/08/cei-comments-national-broadband-plan-our-futureCEI in the BlogosphereFTC to Monitor Blogs for Undisclosed Compensationby Elizabeth Jacobson"The FTC. . . wants to extend its reach to Twitter and other social media services. Perhaps Twitter will have to increase its 140-character limit if users who tweet about a product will be required to include a “#CompensatedReviewFTCCompliant” hashtag."http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/22/ftc-to-monitor-bloggers-for-undisclosed-compensation/Wasteful Regulationby Merin YuIn an attempt to soften the effects of this regulation, the government had the idea of offering $40 coupons to offset the costs of a converter box (which can run up to $80) that would be necessary for older televisions to continue to function. However, as of January 4, 2009, more than five months before the switch, the government had already run out of coupons. Estimates suggest that 1 in 4 households will dispose of a TV, many of them in perfect working condition, due to the switch to DTV.http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/17/wasteful-regulation/U.S. Senate Investigates Mobile Phone Exclusivity Dealsby Elizabeth JacobsonIt’s far from clear that mobile phone exclusivity agreements have made the marketplace less competitive. More dubious still are claims that exclusive agreements are hurting consumers. Were the FCC to declare that exclusivity contracts are somehow anticompetitive, then the effort to benefit a few consumers would result in slower innovation, higher prices, and less overall choice for all consumers.http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/21/us-senators-all-consumers-have-a-right-to-own-an-iphone/One Policy, One System, Universal Serviceby Jack O'ConnorToday, as the FCC invites comments on “a national broadband plan for our future,” no one seriously believes that telecom monopolies are a good idea. Even pro-regulation advocacy groups like Free Press now support “competition policies"http://www.openmarket.org/2009/06/15/one-policy-one-system-universal-service/Export Controls: Impediments to Tech Free Tradeby Alex HarrisLaws ostensibly designed to prevent terrorism and proliferation in fact control way more than weapons and chemicals - indeed, they regulate even extremely mundane goods like servers, software with encryption, and the technical data used to design and build such products.http://techliberation.com/2009/06/18/export-controls-and-other-impediments-to-free-trade/In The NewsWoman Found Liable in File-SharingThe Wall Street Journal, 06-19-09Broadband Internet Fairness Act Introduced to CongressPeter Smith, ITWorld.com, 06-18-09Congressman Files Bill to Stop Tiered Broadband PricingStacey Higginbotham, GigaOM, 06-17-09AT&T and Verizon Deny Price-Fixing AccusationsMarguerite Reardon, CNET.news, 06-16-09Questions Senators Should be Asking Julius GenachowskiRichard Morrison, Competitive Enterprise Institute, 06-15-09Will Web Poker Bust Spark Fight or Flight?Liz Benston, Las Vegas Sun, 06-15-09Lawmakers Blast Internet Data CollectionAmy Schatz, Wall Street Journal, 06-10-09Senators to Examine Exclusive Handset DealsNancy Gohring, ITWorld.com, 06-16-09Why We Love TechnologyThe Military Application of the iPhoneBenjamin Sutherland, Newsweek, 04-27-09June 23rd is Alan Turing's Birthday--Read More About the Father of Computer ScienceWikipeida's bioThe Turing Test from the Standford Encyclopdia of PhilosophyRyan LynchDirector of Web Development and ITCompetitive Enterprise Instituterlynch@cei.orghttp://www.cei.orghttp://www.openmarket.org202-331-1010Aerial Weapons & C4ISR and EW at the 2007 Paris Airshowhttp://defense-update.com/events/2007/summary/parisairshow07systems.htm#moreAESA radars continue to capture the imagination and enthusiasm of designers and air forces, as their development progress and systems becoming more mature and reliable. While only a few systems actually work with full functionality on a regular basis, Active Electronic Scanning Array (AESA) provides virtually unlimited growth potential, due to its inherent agility (as a software controlled, electronically steering device), and design flexibility. Apart from its basic radar functionality, AESA can be used actively or passively, in support of a broad range of applications – including high power jamming, communications datalink or electronic intelligence (ELINT) sensor, passively employing its sensitive receive modules. (more...)Communicating by RadarTapping the potential of non-traditional Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Raytheon and L-3 Communications teamed to exploit data transfer applications of AESA radars. During flight tests conducted by the team, AESA radars were used to communicate high bandwidth SAR image map data at extremely high speed – far exceeding the capabilities of current fighter communication systems. Images were sent at a TV speed of 30 frames per second, from the aircraft to a ground based processing center. When image exploitation was completed, it was transmitted back to the aircraft, with the analyst's annotations.This capability demonstrates the potential uses of AESA radars with tactical and surveillance aircraft as well as unmanned systems. This new capability is poised to become a key element in the Global Information Grid (GIG), adding potential secure communication links that will increase the GIG's information gathering and decision making utility for all users. As these radars proliferate among operational units and the transmit-receive infrastructure grows, these capabilities will support an increasing array of applications such as combat identification and homeland security, areas where communications interoperability and data fusion are essential.Email this • Digg This! (7 Diggs) • Technorati Links • Subscribe to this feed • Stumble It! (2 Reviews) • Discuss on Newsvine • Save to del.icio.us (113 saves, tagged: military defense news)Going Net Centric now!The thrust for net-centricity and overarching control via datalinks has also some negative effects, as it overloads the limited electromagnetic spectrum resources, driving users into ever higher frequencies. One of the ultimate solutions is the use narrow-band laser communications, carrying broadband point-to-point communications between airborne or surface bound terminals and specially equipped satellite. (Laser communications between satellites is already in development). The advantages of laser communications are numerous – they are discrete, resistant to countermeasures, extremely difficult to intercept and are immune to conventional eavesdropping techniques. Since these links do not require frequency coordination, they can establish connection rapidly and can sustain high transfer rates (and operating at high data-rate (100 MB/sec - 1 GB/sec).Live communications via the Laser Optical Link (LOLA) was demonstrated during the Paris Air Show by the French Ministry of Defense' armament development and procurement agency (DGA). The exhibit was linked, via satellite, to an airborne Mystère 20 aircraft, transmitting live imagery captured on board. The display transferred live video from the cabin sending clear views of the countryside below. LOLA rapidly established links, within less than one second, and consistently transferred data at rates of 50 Mb/sec.Advanced Integrated Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (I-ISTAR) technologies, developed by Thales, highlighted an accelerated processing cycle of the Observation, Orientation, Decision and Action (OODA). Thales is developing the Aeros Recon NG recce pod as an airborne recce EO system for the French Rafale. The pod has already been qualified for the Mirage 2000 and will enter service with Rafale F3 by 2009 for the French Air Force and Navy. One of the new technologies demonstrated by Thales this year, is the "Imagery on Demand" (IOD) technology, enabling the dissemination of real-time optimized optical or SAR images over low-bandwidth battlefield communications. Such systems enable analysts and end users to share images processed by the Thales MINDS systems deployed in fixed or forward locations.Non traditional ISR is becoming a popular element in the planning and support of joint operations. At the Paris Airshow DRS described now Advanced Fighter Aircraft Command and control system (AFACE) pod system could establish real-time, worldwide air-to-air and air-to-ground modular communications and intelligence sharing network. Current FACE pods, carried on standard missile launch rails by A-10s, F-15s, F-18 and CF-18s have accumulated over fifty thousand flight hours, offering faster response to time critical targets and significantly improving low altitude communications, since they reduce the aircraft dependency on UHF/VHF repeater towers. The advanced version will be available in pod, or internally mounted configurations, providing real-time flight tracking (via GPS and INS). It will include a flight data recorder providing mission planning and debriefing functions. AFACE will introduce more versatile communications including secure voice and data, video, support conference calls and pilot dial-out. It will also include broadband Iridium link and WiFi connection. The system is offered with two add-on modules, supporting non traditional ISR and counter IED missions. The geo-referenced targeting mission module will establish geo-referenced imagery database on board enabling users to download relevant images according to their preference. The system will also support 'cursor on target' functionality, extracting accurate target coordinates for geo-targeted weapons. For the Anti-IED (electronic attack) mission, the system could be used to augment other EW platforms covering high priority missions, rendering select ground threats ineffective.The Russian Communications specialist Polyot unveiled some of the new capabilities, driving the evolving command and control infrastructure supporting modern Russian fighters, used domestically and for export. Polyot claims that aircraft supported by their encrypted, jam resistant datalinks can achieve up to 25% increase in combat effectiveness, by establishing autonomous fighter groups and reducing pilot workload. The systems support high speed data networks and use universal interfaces for integration, linking the aircraft avionics and ground based communications.A more autonomous 'pilot associate' style system was introduced by Elbit Systems. Called "On-Board Decision Support and Mission Planning System – ODSS, this system is designed to arrange, process and display to the pilot, the most relevant mission critical information necessary for optimal flight path decision. Based on operational expertise, experience and input from combat pilots, Elbit Systems established the ODSS knowledge-base, employing artificial intelligence system to analyze current mission data, tactical and geographical information, generating a recommended flight path designed for each mission profile. For example, ODSS can recommend an optimal flight path which leaves optimal space for evasive maneuvers in a segment of the flight path exposed to enemy threats. The system is used on the ground, supporting an automated mission preparation. While airborne, ODSS contributes to faster, more accurate and efficient decisions, based on the rapid and continuous analysis of multiple possible options.Precision Attack Getting Cheaper?Few new weapons were on display here. Much of the work is being focused on reducing the 'cost of precision kill' by introducing affordable, high precision guidance systems, and lighter weapons both contributing to more precise effect with less collateral damage. To enhance future, low-cost guided weapons, low-cost strap-down dual-mode seekers employing Semi-Active Laser (SAL) and Infra-Red (IR) guidance systems are developed by MBDA. These components will be used with powerful, low-cost computing and actuating systems enhancing future 'smart' munitions, including 68/70mm guided rockets, 155mm guided artillery projectiles and 120mm mortar bombs.Elbit Systems also unveiled a laser guidance kit developed for aerial weapons. In the past, the company developed laser guidance kits for the Wizzard guided bomb; these have now been miniaturized into guidance kits, fitting bombs as well as much smaller 68/70mm rockets, converting these into ‘metric’ precision-guided weapons. The kit, designated "STAR" improves the accuracy and overall effectiveness of attack missions as well as reducing collateral damage. The STAR guidance kit was recently selected by Boeing, to upgrade the JDAM GPS guided bombs.Sagem displayed the growing family of AASM guided bombs, including 2,000, 1,000 and 500 pound weapons. Another version, a 250 pound guided bomb is currently in development. AASM is scheduled to enter service with the French Air Force Rafale squadrons this year (2007). Boeing recently received $28 million contract to fit laser guidance kits to 600 existing 500 pounds JDAMS (400 for the air force, 200 for the Navy) by 2009 to meet a quick reaction USAF program.Fighting over GPS ControlGPS has become so common and natural, that we can’t think how we could live without it. But GPS is also highly sensitive to interference and deception, especially at war, when GPS jammers are employed. Such systems were shown by the Russian company Aviaconversiya, the same company that, in 2003, sold GPS jammers to Saddam Hussein. Aviaconversiya presented a range of portable / airborne and remotely controlled jammers called "Umbrella" that can cover a wire area disabling GPS services over the entire country. The employment of such systems will deny both friendly and enemy use of GPS guided systems, such as simple UAVs and GPS guided weapons (such as JDAM). "We don’t know how many systems were sold to Iraq, since they were procured by middlemen" Aviaconversiya executive told Defense Update, ‘but there were plenty of them. Until then, our biggest customer was the US government, buying our systems for evaluation and testing". He added.The Pentagon is certainly concerned about the vulnerability of its GPS systems. Several programs were launched to eliminate this capability gap. In particular, extensive work is in progress to improve the capability of the GPS guided Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) to overcome GPS jamming. In June 2007 Boeing announced the successful completion of developmental flight testing of its integrated GPS Anti-Jam system (IGAS) for JDAM. According to Boeing’s program manager for IGAS, Dennis Kast, "IGAS uses digital signal processing to significantly reduce the impact of GPS jamming, allowing the warfighter to use the weapon with confidence in a variety of battlefield environments". Boeing will complete the system’s development in 2007 and plans initial deliveries in 2008.Another GPS counter-countermeasure, designed to protect GPS navigation systems against enemy jamming and deception was unveiled by Elisra, a member of the Elbit Systems group. The system went through successful flight trials exhibiting smooth and stable functioning. Throughout the test the system successfully annulled powerful jammers with its advanced spatial null steering technology, fully meeting the tests’ complex jamming challenge. The system, designated iSN/V1 ensures on-board GPS receivers are generating reliable, uninterrupted GPS solutions. The system covers extensive geographical areas, providing immunity for multiple satellite channels and handling multiple jammers operating on concurrent frequencies. It is designed for operation on board any system utilizing GPS, including aircraft, helicopters and UAVsGetting to Zero Update25 June 2009Please note, BASIC and Crisis Action have a bi-weekly update devoted solely to diplomatic developments related to Iran's nuclear program, which may be found at the following web address: www.basicint.org/update/iran.htm.Previous editions of BASIC's GTZ Update are available here.To subscribe or unsubscribe from this update, please visit the following page: www.basicint.org/contacts/index.php.IN THIS ISSUE:* BASIC and Getting to Zero (GTZ)* Commitments to Disarmament and Arms Control* Country Reportso United Stateso United Kingdomo Irano North Koreao Russiao Pakistan* Missile Defense* Additional PublicationsBASIC and Getting to Zero (GTZ)BASIC staff have been meeting with officials in Washington and London while the U.S. administration is conducting a Nuclear Posture Review and the British government is facing pressure to reconsider moving ahead with a replacement platform for its nuclear weapon system. Martin Butcher authored a background briefing on the NPR for BASIC in an effort to inform European officials about the process. The NPR will surely have consequences for NATO's Strategic Concept Review, which the alliance has now started. Paul Ingram, BASIC's Executive Director, and Ian Davis, founder of NATO Watch, warn in this blog entry for the Connect U.S. Fund that NATO will need to pay particular attention to its relationship with Russia in order to allow the Obama administration to pursue fully its nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament goals.* Obama's Nuclear Posture Review: Putting flesh on the bone of his nuclear diplomacy (PDF)Martin Butcher, Getting to Zero Special Briefing, June 23, 2009 http://www.basicint.org/pubs/Special-NPR%20(3).pdf* NATO reform critical to the Obama Administration's nuclear disarmament agendaPaul Ingram and Ian Davis, Connect U.S. Fund Blog, May 1, 2009http://www.connectusfund.org/blogs/nato-reform-critical-obama-administration%E2%80%99s-nuclear-disarmament-agendaCommitments to Disarmament and Arms ControlPreparatory Committee for 2010 NPT considered a successDelegates to the third and final session of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) for the 2010 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference (RevCon) agreed on a provisional agenda for the 2010 Review Conference - the first time one has been agreed upon in 15 years. The agenda includes consideration of provisions to protect non-nuclear weapons states from nuclear coercion, the establishment of more nuclear weapon-free zones, operationalizing the right of each nation to develop peaceful nuclear energy, and measures to deepen nonproliferation and disarmament.Delegates failed, despite attempts, to adopt a list of specific recommendations for the RevCon. The first draft, released by the Chair on May 7th, recommended concrete steps to be taken toward disarmament, including reducing the operational status of nuclear forces, marginalizing their role in security policies, and refraining from their "qualitative improvement." But the revised draft, released the following week, watered down the disarmament proposals putting greater emphasis on the implementation of nonproliferation initiatives and highlighting the 1995 Resolution on the Middle East (for a WMD free zone). Demands from some non-nuclear weapon states that the nuclear weapons states agree to legally-binding commitments to dismantle their nuclear arsenals and not to use their nuclear weapons against non-nuclear states were rejected. Members failed to adopt the second revision of recommendations. Nevertheless, the Prep Com was considered to be successful - few had expected any concrete agreements at this point, and the stage has been set for 2010.Conference on Disarmament - FM(c)TThe second session of the 2009 Conference on Disarmament also experienced a breakthrough. Soon after U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's opening remarks on May 18 made reference to the encouraging political climate for disarmament, the Conference created a working group to discuss the development of a Fissile Material (cut-off) Treaty (FM(c)T). The White House released a statement by U.S. President Barack Obama declaring, "Today's decision ends more than a decade of inactivity in the Conference on Disarmament, and signals a commitment to work together on this fundamental challenge."STARTThe first round of substantive negotiations for follow-on to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) was held in Moscow from May 18-20, with a second round of negotiations held in Geneva from June 1-3. The U.S. delegation was led by Assistant Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller, and the Russian team was headed by Anatoly Antonov, the Russian Foreign Ministry's Chief of Security and Disarmament. The United States reported productive meetings, and a Russian spokeswoman for President Medvedev said that a draft document to replace the 1991 START agreements may be ready by the July 6-8 summit in Moscow. Negotiators began their third round of meetings on June 23 in Geneva. START expires on December 5 of this year.IAEA continues selection process for a new Director GeneralThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has not yet selected a new Director General to replace its current Director, General Mohamed ElBaradei, who steps down in November 2009. Currently there are five nominated candidates for the position: Mr. Yukya Amano (Japan); Mr. Luis Echavarri (Spain); Mr. Abdul Samad Minty (South Africa); Mr. Ernest Petric (Slovenia); and Mr. Jean-Pol Poncelet (Belgium). Following April's elections when all candidates failed to gain the necessary two-thirds majority from the IAEA Board of Governors, a secret non-binding "straw poll" was held on June 9, and Japan's Amano received 20 of the 35 votes cast, leaving him just short of the required two-thirds majority, and South Africa's Minty received 11 votes. A formal vote is scheduled for July 2, and will be repeated until a candidate garners the two-thirds requirement. Diplomats fear that a protracted election process combined with the North-South tension already prevalent on the IAEA Board could damage the Agency.U.N Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon launches the "WMD-WeMustDisarm! Campaign"On June 13, U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon marked the 100 days leading up to the International Day of Peace on September 21 by launching a new U.N. campaign to "raise awareness of the true costs and dangers of nuclear weapons." Each day during the 100-day campaign, a reason why the international community should support nuclear disarmament is shared via Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, and other social networking and Internet media venues. The United Nations Foundation has a 'We Must Disarm Declaration' open for signatures on their webpage to support the campaign. On June 15 Ban Ki-Moon issued a statement on the importance of expediently bringing the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty into force. He appealed to the nations that have not yet signed and ratified the Treaty to do so as quickly as possible.Further ReadingIndonesia will Ratify CTBT if U.S. doesUPI, June 9, 2009http://www.upi.com/Emerging_Threats/2009/06/09/Indonesia-to-ratify-CTBT-if-US-does/UPI-14461244588906/Obama seeks global uranium fuel bankBryan Bender, Boston Globe, June 8, 2009http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/ 2009/06/08/with_eye_on_iran_obama_seeks_creation_of_world_uranium_fuel_bank/No Nukes: Possibility or Pipe Dream?The Editors, The New York Times Blog: Room for Debate, June 7, 2009http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/07/no-nukes-possibility-or-pipedream/The Renaissance of Nuclear DisarmamentAnthony Salloum, Embassy, June 3, 2009http://www.embassymag.ca/page/view/salloum-6-3-2009Case for Ratifying Nuclear Test Ban TreatySamuel Berger, Sam Nunn, and William Perry, Politico, June 2, 2009http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0609/23191.htmlAfter Iraq, it's not just North Korea that wants a bombSeumas Milne, The Guardian, May 27, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/may/27/north-korea-nuclear-weapons-usReport from the NPT Preparatory Committee 2009Miles A. Pomper, MIIS James Martin Center for NonproliferationStudies, May 26, 2009http://cns.miis.edu/stories/090526_npt_report.htmObama Treaty Push Hinges on Global Nuclear 'Listening' NetCharles Hanley, The Associated Press, May 19, 2009http://www.usnews.com/articles/science/2009/05/19/obama-treaty-push-hinges-on-global-nuclear-listening-net.htmlDeveloping Nations Seek Assurances on Nuclear ArmsColum Lynch, The Washington Post, May 16, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/15/AR2009051503518.htmlThe Trouble With ZeroPhilip Taubman, The New York Times, May 9, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/weekinreview/10taubman.htmlTurkey to face pressure over U.S. nukes on its soilLale Sariibrahimoglu, Today's Zaman, May 4, 2009http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=174286&bolum=100Electing the Nuclear PopeCharles D. Ferguson, Foreign Policy, May 2009http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4913Grading Progress on 13 Steps Toward Nuclear DisarmamentSharon Squassoni, Carnegie Endowment, Policy Outlook No. 45, May 2009http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/13_steps.pdfBeyond START: Negotiating the Next Step in U.S. and Russian StrategicNuclear Arms ReductionsSteven Pifer, Brookings Foreign Policy Paper Series Number 15, May, 2009http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2009/ 05_arms_reduction_pifer/05_arms_reduction_pifer.pdfReshaping Strategic Relationships: Expanding the Arms Control ToolboxLewis A. Dunn, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/DunnU.S., Russia Agree on Path for New Arms CutsCole Harvey, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/US-RussiaThe Logic of the Test Ban TreatyDaryl G. Kimball, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/focusConfronting the Bomb: A Short History of the World NuclearDisarmament MovementLawrence S. Wittner, Stanford University Press, California, 2009http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?id=9646Country ReportsUnited StatesSensitive, unclassified information on U.S. nuclear sites accidentally publishedOn June 2, the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) accidentally published on its website a 286-page draft document that was prepared for the IAEA on the location and sensitive design details of U.S. nuclear facilities. Steven Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists first reported on the FAS blog Secrecy News the appearance of the document. The GPO took down the report quickly although the document was not classified.Tauscher confirmation hearing for position in Administration's arms control teamRepresentative Ellen Tauscher (Chair of the House Armed Services Strategic Forces Subcommittee) testified at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing considering her nomination as the new Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security on June 9. She said her immediate priorities will be negotiating a follow-up agreement to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with Russia, the development of a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty, and the ratification and entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Tauscher reiterated President Obama's call for a world free of nuclear weapons, while confirming that the United States will "maintain a safe, secure and reliable deterrent against any adversary and an effective defense for our allies" while nuclear weapons continued to exist. Rep. Tauscher was still awaiting confirmation as of June 24.On June 1, Secretary of State Clinton named Robert Einhorn as her special advisor for disarmament and nonproliferation and Susan F. Burk was confirmed as the President's special representative for nuclear nonproliferation.Obama meets with Shultz, Perry, Kissinger and NunnOn May 19, the four Americans most widely associated with the current push for nuclear disarmament through their two notable op-eds in the Wall Street Journal in January 2007 and 2008, former Secretaries of State Henry Kissinger and George Shultz, former Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Sam Nunn, and former Secretary of Defense William Perry, met with President Obama to discuss nuclear weapons strategy. Obama listed strengthening the NPT, pursuing ratification of the CTBT, and cooperating with Russia in arms reduction efforts as specific steps that must be taken to "lock down loose nuclear weapons" and, in the long term, eliminate them. "All four of us support enthusiastically what the president is doing," Shultz commented. After the meeting President Obama spoke with reporters:"I don't think anybody would accuse these four gentlemen of being dreamers. They're hard-headed, tough defenders of American interests and American security. But what they have come together to help galvanize is a recognition that we do not want a world of continued nuclear proliferation, and that in order for us to meet the security challenges of the future, America has to take leadership in this area."Senator John McCain also voices qualified support for a world without nuclear weaponsIn a June 3 speech honoring former President Ronald Reagan, Arizona Senator and former Republican Presidential candidate John McCain added his voice to the increasing number of U.S. politicians supporting the vision of nuclear disarmament. Quoting a Ronald Reagan speech from 1983, McCain said, "The only value in possessing nuclear weapons is to make sure they can't be used ever. I know I speak for people everywhere when I say our dream is to see the day when nuclear weapons will be banished from the face of the Earth." The same day the White House released a statement by President Obama welcoming McCain's support of a "world without nuclear weapons" and expressing the President's commitment to working together with Congress on issues of arms control.Further ReadingNuclear PromisesZia Mian, Foreign Policy in Focus, June 4, 2009http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/6166Remarks by the President on a New Beginning (Cairo Speech)Barack Obama, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary,June 4, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/29/AR2009052903108.htmlStatement of Thomas P. D'Agostino, Under Secretary for NuclearSecurity and Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of EnergySenate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, June 3, 2009http://armedservices.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/June/D%27Agostino%2006-03-09.pdfThe Case for No First UseScott D. Sagan, Survival, Volume 51, Issue 3, June 2009, pp. 163-182(subscription or purchase required to access full article)http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a911401295~db=allNPR [Nuclear Posture Review] Terms of Reference Fact SheetDepartment of Defense, June 2, 2009http://www.defenselink.mil/news/d20090602NPR.pdfLots of Hedging, Little Leading: An Analysis of the CongressionalStrategic Posture Commission ReportHans M. Kristensen and Ivan Oelrich, Arms Control Association, June, 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_6/KristensenOelrichThe Hoped-For Laser MiraclesEditorial, The New York Times, May 28, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/opinion/29fri3.html?th&emc=thThe Test Ban TreatyEditorial, The New York Times, May 24, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/opinion/25mon1.html?emStatement of Secretary of Defense Robert M. GatesSenate Armed Services Committee, May 14, 2009http://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/May/Gates%2005-14-09.pdfPosture Statement of Admiral Michael G. Mullen, USN,Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of StaffSenate Armed Services Committee, May 14, 2009http://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/May/Mullen%2005-14-09.pdfTestimony on "NNSA's Fiscal Year 2010 President's BudgetRequest" by Thomas P. D'Agostino, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of EnergyHouse Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, May 13, 2009http://www.nnsa.energy.gov/news/2349.htmU.S. Warhead disposal in 15-year backlogPeter Eisler, USA Today, May 13, 2009http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2009-05-12-nukes_N.htmObama Administration is Bringing Nuclear Arms Control BackMary Beth Sheridan, The Washington Post, May 8, 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/opinion/25mon1.html?emNuclear Bailout: The Costs and Consequences of Renovatingthe U.S. Nuclear Weapons ComplexWilliam D. Hartung, New America Foundation, May 7, 2009http://www.newamerica.net/publications/policy/nuclear_bailout_costsStrategic Failure: Congressional Strategic Posture CommissionReportIvan Oelrich, Hans M. Kristensen, FAS Strategic Security Blog,May 6, 2009http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2009/05/commission-2.phpDefense budget baloneyWinslow T. Wheeler, Politico, May 6, 2009http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0509/22149.htmlUnited KingdomUK Commons Report suggests renewal of Trident could be seen as contradictory to UK goalsAfter receiving evidence from a variety of witnesses and groups, including BASIC, the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee published a report on June 14 on "Global Security: Non-Proliferation." It commended the British government for publicly acknowledging the connection between nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament, but also stated that much more could be done. The Committee warned that the 2010 Review Conference could fail without "decisive movement by the five recognized nuclear weapons states as a whole on nuclear disarmament measures." It advised that the UK government's disarmament public diplomacy and transparency would be undermined by the decision to proceed full speed towards Trident replacement. This fall the British government is due to submit a full design contract [Initial Gate stage] for the new submarines. The report recommended, "that the Government should not take any decision at the Initial Gate stage until Parliament has had the chance to scrutinise the matter in a debate." The Committee also said that the Government should also come forward with an explanation of what it sees as a "minimum deterrent" posture and whether there are any conditions under which the Government "would be prepared to suspend the Trident renewal programme."Ministry of Defense confirms radioactive leakage from nuclear powered-submarinesIn April the Ministry of Defence released a report acknowledging multiple safety breaches at the nuclear submarine fleet's base at Faslane (HM Naval Base Clyde). The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) has sought the right to inspect and control operations at the naval base and has sent "final warning" letters to the MoD, threatening to shut down nuclear operations at Faslane. The UK Government has refused to provide SEPA with direct legal authority, citing national security sensitivities.Further ReadingA naive approach to nuclear standoffHarry Phibbs, Comment is Free, The Guardian, June 18, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jun/18/nick-clegg-tridentNick Clegg says Lib Dems won't replace Trident because world has moved onPatrick Wintour and Nicholas Watt, The Guardian, June 16, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/jun/16/trident-liberal-democrats-nick-cleggBrown urged to review Trident proposalJames Blitz, Financial Times, June 15, 2009http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/311bb044-5944-11de-80b3-00144feabdc0.html?nclick_check=1Global Security: Non-Proliferation Fourth Report of Session 200809Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Commons, June 14, 2009http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmfaff/222/222.pdfTrident may be wrong size ... so we pay an extra GBP100mRob Edwards, The Sunday Herald, May 10, 2009http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20090510/ai_n31667649/IranPresidential electionThe current crisis within Iran, which has this last week included widespread violence, and the power struggle behind the scenes with an uncertain outcome, will have an enduring and fundamental impact on the international dispute over Iran's nuclear program. While all candidates have been committed to continuing the program, it is thought that the leading opposition candidate, Mir Hossein Moussavi, would be more open to diplomatic engagement with the West, and he has suggested that he would provide stronger guarantees that Iran's nuclear program is strictly for energy.Diplomacy, on hold prior to the elections, remains frozen. U.S. and European officials had hoped to receive an official response from Tehran to their invitation offered through Javier Solana to join the P-5+1 talks. During a diplomatic visit prior to the elections, French President Nicolas Sarkozy strongly urged Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki to support Iran's participation in the P-5+1 talks or risk increased international isolation. U.S. deputy ambassador to the United Nations, Rosemary DiCarlo reported to the Security Council that Iran has not officially responded to the invitation but, despite this, "The United States remains committed to direct diplomacy with Iran to resolve issues of concern to the international community and will engage on the basis of mutual respect." Mohamed ElBaradei, head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, has also pressed Iran to respond to the invitation.IAEA report on Iran's nuclear programThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released their latest report on Iran on June 5, a week before the elections, that presented findings that were similar to previous reports: no confirmation of evidence of diversion; outstanding and unresolved questions; additional number of centrifuges added and greater stocks of enriched uranium accumulated; and an appeal to Iran to implement the Additional Protocol. Iranian officials again responded by reiterating the program's peaceful purposes and that they had cooperated with inspectors to the degree that is required of them.Ballistic missile testU.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates confirmed the May launch of an Iranian medium-range ballistic missile, the Sajjil-2, able to reach Israel and some of southern Europe. President Ahmadinejad had used the test to engage in aggressive electoral posturing during the Iranian Presidential Elections.Further ReadingIran Uprising Changes Nuclear CalculusJoe Cirincione, Huffington Post, June 17, 2009http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-cirincione/iran-uprising-changes-nuc_b_216583.htmlIAEA Report on Iran: Centrifuge and LEU increases; access toArak reactor denied; no progress on outstanding issuesDavid Albright and Jacqueline Shire, Institute for Science andInternational Security, June 5, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/iran/Iran_IAEA_Report_Analysis_5June2009.pdfIran Increases Uranium Enrichment Pace; Defies U.N. InspectorsJonathan Tirone, Bloomberg, June 5, 2009http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=azhpbOe1vsB8Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in theIslamic Republic of Iran Report by the Director General, IAEA(available via the Institute for Science and International Security) June 5, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/iran/IAEA_Iran_Report_5June2009.pdfU.S.-Iranian Engagement: The View from TehranInternational Crisis Group, Middle East Briefing No. 28, June 2, 2009http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/middle_east___north_africa/iraq_iran_gulf/b28_u.s._iranian_engagement___the_view_from_tehran.pdfFormer diplomat: Iran won't stop nuclear work (interview)Borzou Daragahi, Los Angeles Times, May 27, 2009http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-qa27-2009may27,0,7118239.storyIran's test could alter Europe's missile balanceNicholas Kralev, Washington Times, May 21, 2009http://washingtontimes.com/news/2009/may/21/tehran-missile-test-stokes-debate/Iran's Nuclear Program: An Opportunity for DialogueKayhan Barzegar, Center for Strategic Research, May 2009http://www.csr.ir/departments.aspx?lng=en&depid=74&&abtid=06&&semid=1797Iran's Nuclear and Missile Potential: A Joint Threat Assessment by U.S. andRussian Technical ExpertsEastWest Institute, May 2009http://docs.ewi.info/JTA.pdfNorth KoreaNorth Korea Responses to North Korea's nuclear testOn May 25 North Korea conducted its second underground nuclear test in an effort to "bolster up its nuclear deterrent for self-defense." North Korea also announced that it is no longer bound by the 1953 armistice that ended the Korean War and warned other countries not to disrupt or stop its ships suspected of transporting missiles and other weapons. The nuclear test also coincides with intensified speculation and rumors over the future succession to Kim Jong-il.U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a statement which "strongly deplores the [...] underground nuclear test [...] in clear and grave violations of the relevant Security Council resolutions." The Security Council was swift to denounce North Korea's actions. On Friday, June 12, after extensive negotiations, the Security Council unanimously passed Security Council Resolution 1874, imposing heightened economic and military sanctions. The resolution also "Calls upon all States to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, all cargo to and from the DPRK, in their territory, including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited." As of June 24th, a U.S. ship was tracking one North Korean vessel, suspected of carrying illicit arms for Myanmar.U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton condemned North Korea's "belligerent behavior" and has indicated that the United States will consider placing North Korea back on its list of states that sponsor terrorism, in addition to developing a "mechanism [... to] interdict North Korean shipments." In testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Special Representative for North Korea Policy, Ambassador Stephen Bosworth, reported that the United States remains open to diplomatic engagement, although there are no signs that North Korea is ready or willing to come to the table. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced that the U.S. is deploying its Terminal High Altitude Area and Defense (THADD) and Sea Based X-Band (SBX) radar off the coast of Hawaii. This announcement comes just days after a Japanese newspaper reported that North Korea may launch a long-range ballistic missile toward Hawaii, though many analysts doubt that North Korea has any with that range.Amid the controversy surrounding North Korea's weapons programs, two American journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee, were accused of illegally entering North Korean territory and sentenced to 12 years in a labor camp. American officials were quick to denounce the court's decision and called for the release of the two journalists on humanitarian grounds.Further ReadingNorth Korea: Getting Back to TalksAsia Report No 169, The International Crisis Group, June 18, 2009http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/north_korea/169_north_korea___getting_back_to_talks.pdfNorth Korea's Nuclear Program: Looking ForwardGraham Allison, Douglas Dillon, Martin Malin, Hui Zhang,Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, June 9, 2009http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19105/north_koreas_nuclear_program.html?breadcrumb=%2FTesting the World's PatienceDaryl G. Kimball, Arms Control Today, June 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/2009_06/focusNorth Korea's Weapons TestingJohn S. Park, U.S. Institute of Peace, On the Issues: North Korea,May 28, 2009http://www.usip.org/on_the_issues/nk_weapons.htmlResponding to North Korea's Nuclear TestGareth Evans, The Age, May 28, 2009http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6119&l=1Next phase in the analysis of the announced DPRK nuclear testComprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization, May 27, 2009http://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2009/next-phase-in-the-analysis-of-the-announced-dprk-nuclear-test/Analysts Worry Threatening N. Korea with Sanctions Could CreateEscalationAndre de Nesnera, Voice of America, May 26, 2009http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-05-26-voa51.cfmWhat to Do About North KoreaRobert Kagan, Dan Blumenthal, The Washington Post, May 26, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/05/25/ST2009052502476.htmlCommentary: North Korea blast is a test for U.S.Paul Carroll, Ploughshares Fund, CNN.com, May 26, 2009http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/26/carroll.korea.nuclear/index.html?section=cnn_latestNo Crisis for North KoreaEditorial, The Washington Post, May 26, 2009http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/25/AR2009052501505.htmlA path to peace with North KoreaMartin Butcher, Guardian, May 26, 2009http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/may/26/north-korea-nuclear-test-peaceNorth Korea Will Not Be IgnoredJoe Cirincione, Huffington Post, May 25, 2009http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-cirincione/north-korea-will-not-be-i_b_207277.htmlRussiaRussia's National Security Strategy ReleasedOn May 13, five days before diplomats began their May 18-20 talks to prepare for the START negotiations, Russian President Medvedev released the new national security strategy detailing over-arching security challenges and policy priorities through 2020. The document [Russian] formalized energy as a key issue and important foreign policy factor, and promised to "make every effort to retain [nuclear] parity with the United States." Security Council head Nikolai Patrushev made clear after the release that NATO enlargement is a high security priority for Russia.Putin support for vision of world without nuclear weapons; while Commander has low expectations for START follow-on reductionsRussian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said Russia could give up nuclear weapons if everyone else that had them did the same, during a meeting with German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier on June 10th. Steinmeier was reported to have focused heavily on issues of nuclear disarmament during his talks with Putin in Moscow and to have encouraged Russian President Medvedev and Putin to pursue improved relations with the United States and the European Union. On the same day, the commander of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces, Colonel-General Nikolai Solovtsov, was quoted as saying that Russia cannot cut its nuclear stockpile by more than a few hundred strategic warheads during START follow-on negotiations.Further ReadingNuclear Notebook: Russian Nuclear Forces, 2009Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,May/June, 2009http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/h304370t70137734/fulltext.pdfThe Loose Russian NukesElizabeth Zolotukhina, GlobalSecurity.org, May 19, 2009http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090519345-the-loose-russian-nukes.htmPakistanPakistan augmenting its nuclear weapons programIn recent testimony before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that Pakistan, which has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), is substantially stepping up its nuclear weapons program, including the production of more fissile material. Congress is currently considering significantly increased civilian and military aid to Pakistan, as support for counterterrorism efforts, and Senators are seeking assurances the aid is not be spent on increasing the destructiveness of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. The United States has provided funding intended specifically to address the security and safety of Pakistan's nuclear weapons, but has no control or clear audit ability to ensure the money is spent wisely. President Zardari, in an interview with Der Speigel, reassured those concerned that "the nuclear capability of Pakistan is in safe hands," but admitted that this was less certain if Pakistan's democracy were to fail. U.S. President Barack Obama said later in an interview with DAWN that he felt confident "that the Pakistani government has safeguarded its nuclear arsenal."Further ReadingAnother nuclear anniversaryPervez Hoodbhoy, DAWN, May 28, 2009http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/16-Another-nuclear-anniversary-hs-12ISIS Statement on Washington Post Report from May 28, 2009Institute for Science and International Security, May 28, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/WP_Language_28May2009.pdfMissile DefenseMissile defense still hurdle in U.S.-Russian relationsThe U.S. proposal, involving ten missile interceptors in Poland and a radar system in the Czech Republic, is currently under review. Before Congressional budgetary hearings on June 9, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said he believed American and Russian officials' assessments of Iran's missile program are now more closely aligned, and suggested that this may mean Russia becomes more amenable to a missile system based in the Czech Republic and Poland. Russian officials afterwards protested saying the plans were still unacceptable and must be abandoned. Colonel-General Nikolai Solovtsov, commander of Strategic Missile Forces, said they hope by 2016 to "modernize not only missile systems but also command-and-control systems in order to improve their ability to overcome missile defenses and increase the survivability of delivery vehicles." Poland expects a U.S. Patriot battery, part of a theater missile defense system, to be set up on its territory this year, regardless of the missile defense timetable. U.S. Admiral Michael Mullen was scheduled to travel to Moscow at the end of June to meet with General Nikolai Markarov, and they are expected to discuss the missile defense system.Gates proposes cuts to missile defense plansSecretary Gates has proposed budgetary cuts in missile defense systems in the FY 2010 budget. Roughly $7.8 billion will be allocated for missile defense programs, down $1.2 billion from the previous year. Cuts include the Multiple Kill Vehicle, the Kinetic Energy Interceptor, and Boeing's second Airborne Laser aircraft. The SM-3 and Theater High-Altitude Area Defense programs are due for increases in funding. Gates pledged that the Defense Department will continue to invest in augmenting defenses against long-range missiles.Further ReadingStrategic Missile Defense: A Reality CheckGreg Thielmann, Arms Control Association, May 21, 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/system/files/TAB2_5_21_2009_FINAL1.pdfHearing to receive testimony on military space programs inreview of the defense acquisition request for fiscal year 2010and the future years defense programTranscript, U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, May, 20, 2009http://armed-services.senate.gov/Transcripts/2009/05%20May/09-32%20-%205-20-09.pdfSpace Security or Anti-Satellite WeaponsMichael Krepon and Sam Black, The Stimson Center Space SecurityProgram, May 2009http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/missile/naic/NASIC2009.pdfAdditional PublicationsIran's Procurement of U.S. Military Aircraft Parts: Two casestudies in illicit tradeDavid Albright, Paul Brannan and Andrea Scheel, Institute for Science andInternational Security, May 21, 2009http://isis-online.org/publications/expcontrol/Iran_Aircraft_ Procurement.pdfSteinmeier Calls for U.S. to Withdraw NukesOliver Meier, Arms Control Today, May 2009http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/SteinmeierThe Taming of the Great Nuclear PowersGodfried van Benthem van den Bergh, Carnegie Endowment Policy OutlookNo. 46, May 2009http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=23152&prog=zgp&proj=znppAn Opportune Moment for a Shared Euro-Atlantic Security StrategySimon Serfaty, Center for Strategic & International Studies, May 2009http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/090506_serfaty_strategicconsensus_(2).pdfBallistic and Cruise Missile Threat ReportNational Air and Space Intelligence Center,Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, NASIC-1031-0985-09, April 2009(posted on the site of the Federation of American Scientists, June 2009).http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/missile/naic/NASIC2009.pdfPlease forward this email to individuals and organizations offering them the opportunity to subscribe to BASIC's Getting to Zero Update. This will help to keep them informed about the latest developments and analysis.To subscribe or unsubscribe from this update, please visit the following page: www.basicint.org/contacts/index.php. Thank you.BASIC's work is made possible by the generous support of our donors: the Ploughshares Fund, the Ford Foundation, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, Polden Puckham Charitable Foundation, Rockefeller Family & Associates, and individual contributors to BASIC. We are grateful to all of them for their support.

Poetry I wrote when being directed energy tortured

Posted by ron on June 26, 2009 at 12:15am

http://snardfarker.ning.com/profiles/blogs/when-being-directed-energy http://loveangell.ning.com/profile/RonAngell"Camper Van Beethoven" became the Band "Cracker"Camper Van Beethoven- "Life is Grand"

"Statute of Liberty"

The struggle for freedom,Will always defeat them.A lie is a lie andtruth is a path to the open sky.I believe in youand I believe in meAt that point we have reached the top of a most grand treeThe highest point nearest to GodA church does rise.A church where angels singand do ring

A bell of truth is knownto both God and man.The liars have passedinto no man's land."You Shall know the truth, and the Truth shall set you free" Jesus

You can go on,give it another try.The power of your youth is strong,and as big as the sky.Search all over the valley,Climb the mountains and you’ll see...Believing in yourself sets you free!(c)Ron AngellCamper Van Beethoven-"She Divines Water"

Camper Van Beethoven- " Pictures of Matchstick Men (live)"

Our shadows embrace and disappear in light We seek darkness to hold each other tightWithin our thoughts we do dreamWondering if awake we will gleamOur shadows are close and do transmitThe energy of lives that ask for us to commitAs shadows represent a silhouette of our livesWe always will strive to stay aliveAnd unlike our shadows that disappear at noonWe always will remain there for each other and swoonwhen my shadow meets yourswe draw ever closer on the floorsTwo shadows combine as oneOn top one another in forever funNight does fall and our shadows do growin the moonlit night we will flowGrab the shadow todayand embrace me right awayDay and night our shadows combineDay or night our shadows climbOnly at noon does our shadow almost disappearand at that moment know I am most near(c)Ron P AngellCamper Van Beethoven- "Sweethearts" Fires do start slow at firstFires sometimes need to be nursedI cover you with me and the fuelof our souls are the energy.blowing wind from heavens abovesupply the oxygen within our loveA tremble from within youmagnifies into a quake within meOur energy of "us" turns into a firewithin is ultimate love and desireOur senses hold within each otherIlluminated souls of forever loversRon P Angell(c)Camper Van Beethoven- "Take The Skinheads Bowling" Ceilings of stars Walls of clouds Heavens forever distant Terminate in the instantStorms do buildThunder does brewWhat I really wantIs to be there holding youLightning does strikeAnd we hold one another in the lightThe light show beginsAnd we smile into the windLook at me looking at youBehind your mirror I am nowOn the other side not far awayWe will wake rested to a new dayAtmosphere does extend andtouches the vacuum of spaceThere you will find no stormsOnly peace in Gods heavenly placeOur souls in the silver liningWe have each other to keep the bindingLet our rain fall down nowMix our drops of our shedding tearsWhen we are done cryingWe make a lake for diving(c)Ron P AngellCamper Van Beethoven-"All her favorite fruit"

jodyleedee's vid of implants in teeth June 21, 2009, 01:02 PM

Posted by jody havluck (dee) on June 24, 2009 at 4:30pm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dM5spH6_vdE this is a video of some of my implants ifound in my teeth after my stay in dept ofcorrections colorado their are others are in my mouth in place of the molars removed and others yet to be discovered inserted through my scars .after i was released on parole i started to hear voices and body manipulations pain disorientation etc.

Thoughts on the NWO

Posted by Thomas Koh on June 24, 2009 at 6:30am

We got realized that all of us practically are their hostages with their superweapon mind technology while the fact that thye have not attacked everyone except us TIs has shown the fact that they cannot simply just control the whole world as they wish.We have to fight back before it is too late.Every person in the world has to recognize what the real goal of the NWO is.They have been spies all these while who aim at sowing discord,and discrediting the TIs committee so as to control everyone better.We should just concentrate on dealing with the NWO above everything else.They are the one manipulating all of us,torturing us TIs days and nights without rest without anyone knowingly.It is all done behind the scene while they try to manipulate others to attack us in the name of good will,investigation frauds,experimentations and etc.We are all just part of their unwilling scarifices to achieve their agenda to control the whole world and ultimately destroy the whole world.To save the world,the mind control/DEW technology must be destroyed IN FRONT OF OUR OWN EYES as well as the mind controllers being prosecuted.

Blogs

All Posts (12248)

#585 Another Bill Against Illegal Chip Implants passed by California, North Dakota and Wisconsin

Those responsible for torture, murder, financial crimes.. IRS TAX Form to investigate the perpetrator

Those using directed energy weapons for profit will now be looked at very close. Mind control weapons used to steal money and assets from America

#584 Pa USA's Bill against illegal chip implants

#584 Jim Guest of Mo USA bill Against Illegal Chip Implants

#583 MTV's The Hills Stars"Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt" on The Alex Jones Show Utube

#581 We are close to the event horizon

Pastor welcomes guns in church Unloaded weapons allowed at event celebrating Second Amendment, Southern Proverty Law Center Active U.S. Hate Groups, Intelligence Report Invisible Empire

Washington Rally on July 17-19

SAT FINDER: COMPLETELY UPDATED IN 2008 - Database and Calculation Software for the Satellite Industry, Die, Spy Satellite, Die — Says U.S. Homeland Security Secretary, Anti-Satellite Weapons

#580 Book chapter 1 Humiliation, targeting pride and shame as a form of attack

FREE ONLINE EDUCATIONIAL VIDEOS FROM DIFFERENT UNIVERISTIES AROUND THE WORLD AND IN AMERICA LIKE MIT

Reality media

victim story 受害者故事

But Seriously Folks.........

#579 Kurt Vonnegut/Basically what is happening and where it might lead

Signal to Noise--The FTC Is Worried About Your Blog‏, Aerial Weapons & C4ISR and EW at the 2007 Paris Airshow

Poetry I wrote when being directed energy tortured

"Statute of Liberty"

jodyleedee's vid of implants in teeth June 21, 2009, 01:02 PM

Thoughts on the NWO

Note: this page contains paid content.